2015–16 Zika virus epidemic

Countries and territories with active transmission of the Zika virus November 21, 2016[1]
Date	April 2015 – November 2016

An epidemic of Zika fever, caused by Zika virus, began in Brazil and affected other countries in the Americas from April 2015 to November 2016. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the end of the epidemic in November 2016, but noted that the virus still represents "a highly significant and long term problem".^[2] It is estimated that 1.5 million people were infected by Zika virus in Brazil,^[3] with over 3,500 cases of infant microcephaly reported between October 2015 and January 2016.^[4] The epidemic also affected other parts of South and North America, as well as several islands in the Pacific.^[5]

Zika virus spread to Brazil from Oceania in 2013 or 2014. Brazil notified the WHO of an illness characterized by skin rash in March 2015, and Zika was identified as the cause in May 2015. In February 2016, the WHO declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern as evidence grew that Zika can cause birth defects as well as neurological problems.^[6][7] The virus can be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus, and can cause microcephaly and other severe brain anomalies in the infant.^[8][9][10] Zika infections in adults can result in Guillain–Barré syndrome.^[10] In approximately one in five cases, Zika virus infections result in Zika fever, a minor illness that causes symptoms such as fever and a rash.^[11][12] Prior to the outbreak, Zika was considered a mild infection, as most infections are asymptomatic, making it difficult to determine precise estimates of the number of cases.^[13]

The virus is spread mainly by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is commonly found throughout the tropical and subtropical Americas. It can also be spread by the Aedes albopictus ("Asian tiger") mosquito, which is distributed as far north as the Great Lakes region in North America.^[14] People infected with Zika can transmit the virus to their sexual partners.^[15]

A number of countries were issued travel warnings, and the outbreak was expected to reduce tourism significantly.^[7][16] Several countries took the unusual step of advising their citizens to delay pregnancy until more was known about the virus and its impact on fetal development.^[17] Furthermore, the outbreak raised concerns regarding the safety of athletes and spectators at the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro.^[18][19][20]

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=2015–16_Zika_virus_epidemic
Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.

---



---

www.astronomia.sk | www.biologia.sk | www.botanika.sk | www.dejiny.sk | www.economy.sk | www.elektrotechnika.sk | www.estetika.sk | www.farmakologia.sk | www.filozofia.sk | Fyzika | www.futurologia.sk | www.genetika.sk | www.chemia.sk | www.lingvistika.sk | www.politologia.sk | www.psychologia.sk | www.sexuologia.sk | www.sociologia.sk | www.veda.sk I www.zoologia.sk

---

Number of Zika cases, 2015–16

Country	Autochthonous cases		Imported cases	Total cases	Deaths[a]
	Confirmed	Suspected
Africa
Angola[21]	2			2
Cape Verde[22]	2	7,457		7,459
Guinea-Bissau[23][24]	10			10
Madagascar[25]			1	1
Réunion[26]			2	2
South Africa[27]			1	1
Americas[28]	Confirmed	Suspected	Imported	Total	Deaths
Anguilla	7	44	1	52
Antigua and Barbuda	14	393	2	409
Argentina	26	1,821	27	1,874
Aruba	28	614	7	649
Bahamas	21		3	24
Barbados	37	653		690
Belize	49	537		586
Bermuda			5	5
Bolivia	129	718	4	851
Bonaire	60			60
Brazil[b]	109,596	200,465		310,061	6
Canada			374	374
Cayman Islands	29	201	10	240
Chile			29	29
Colombia	8,826	96,546		105,372
Costa Rica	1,453	2,618	32	4,103
Cuba	3		30	33
Curaçao	820			820
Dominica	79	1,150		1,229
Dominican Republic	327	4,893		5,220
Ecuador	812	2,722	15	3,549
El Salvador	51	11,353		11,404
French Guiana	483	9,700	10	10,193
Grenada	108	314		422
Guadeloupe	379	30,845		31,224
Guatemala	466	2,785		3,251
Guyana	6			6
Haiti	5	2,955		2,960
Honduras	298	31,863		32,161
Jamaica	186	7,052		7,238
Martinique	12	36,680		36,692
Mexico	6,642		15	6,657
Nicaragua	2,044		3	2,047
Panama	517	2,089	42	2,648
Paraguay	12	583		595
Peru	145		18	163
Puerto Rico[29]	34,070		121	34,191	5
Saba	9			9
Saint Barthélemy	61	900		961
Saint Kitts and Nevis	26	532		558
Saint Lucia	50	822		872
Saint Martin	200	2,825		3,025
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	38	156		194
Sint Eustatius	16			16
Sint Maarten	62	168		230
Suriname	723	2,755		3,478	4
Trinidad and Tobago	643		1	644
Turks and Caicos Islands	12	115	3	130
United States[30][29]	236		5,590	5,826
Uruguay			1	1
Venezuela	2,380	59,147		61,527
British Virgin Islands	38	51		89
U.S. Virgin Islands[29]	603	803	2	1,408
Asia	Confirmed	Suspected	Imported	Total	Deaths
China[31]			23	23
Hong Kong[32]			1	1
Israel[33]			9	9
Japan[34]			7	7
Malaysia[35]	8		2	10
Maldives[36]	1			1
Myanmar[37]			1	1
Philippines[38][39]	39