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Amol آمل Ancient names: Amerdad, Ameld, Amui, Hamo, Ameleh, Amol
City
Flag Seal
Amol
Coordinates: 36°28′13″N 52°20′48″E / 36.47028°N 52.34667°E / 36.47028; 52.34667[1]
Country	Iran
Province	Mazandaran
County	Amol
District	Central
Incorporated (city)	1923[2]
Government
• Mayor	Ali Davoudi [3]
Area
• City	21 km2 (8 sq mi)
Elevation	76 m (249 ft)
Population  (2016 census)
• Urban	237,528[4]
• Metro	364,692
Time zone	UTC+3:30 (IRST)
Postal code	46131-46391[5]
Area code	(+98) 11
Website	amol.ir amol.gov.ir

Amol (Persian: آمل [ɒˈmol]; pronunciation^ⓘ)^[a] is a city in the Central District of Amol County, Mazandaran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.^[7]

Amol is located on the Haraz River bank. It is less than 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the Caspian Sea and less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the Alborz mountains. It is 180 kilometres (110 mi) from Tehran, and lies 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of the provincial capital, Sari.^[6] It is one of the oldest cities in Iran, and a historic city, with its foundation dating back to the Amardi tribe, who inhabited the region in the Iron Age. Amol is the center of industry and culture of Mazandaran, the rice capital of Iran, and one of the most important cities of the transportation, agriculture, and tourism industries in Iran. It is known as the History, Science and Philosophy city, City that does not die and Hezar Sangar city.^[8]

The city government claims the name to derive from the Amardi, a tribe mentioned by the Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus.^[9]

Amol is one of the most ancient cities of Iran. A number of historians and geographers believe it was established in the 1st millennium BC. Some historians have attributed the rise of the city during the reign of the mythological king Tahmuras.^[10]

Some historians have associated this ancient city with the periods of the Pishdadian dynasty and the Kayanian dynasty. Amards were the people inhabiting the area before the arrival of Aryans, who had migrated to and settled on the Iranian Plateau from the late 2nd millennium BC to early 1st millennium BC. Many scholars believe that the city's name is rooted in the word Amard (Amui in Pahlavi).^[11] Amol is an old city, with a history dating back to the Amards. According to historical literature, Amol was the capital of Mazandaran, at least in the period starting from Sassanid Empire to the Ilkhanate dynasty of Mongol Empire. Though they are a Median tribe, Herodotus names a tribe called Mardians as one of the ten to fifteen Persian tribes in Persis. It is now known that the only distinction between the Median Amardians and the Persian Mardians is the 'a' at the beginning of Amardians, which would mean they are two different tribes. Elsewhere he says, one of the peoples who have trusted Darius I^[12]

Igor M. Diakonoff says that Amardian lived on the coasts of the Caspian Sea, in the distance of the Alban and Otia from the north and the Hyrcanian from the east.

Strabo says about the Tapyri that they wore black robes and had long hair, and "he who is adjudged the bravest marries whomever he wishes" (Geography 11.8 = T520a). In the history of the Persian Empire, the Mard were handsome, capable and brave persons presented in the heart of the army and were responsible for defending the commander.^[13])he Amard helped Achaemenid in several battles including the invasion of Greece, the occupation of Sardis, the attack of Medes and at the Battle of Opis. The other theory about Amol via Ibn Isfandiyar says, at the request of his wife, Firoz Shah, he created a large and flourishing city named Amele.^[14]

People of Amol were people of Amard they were one of the most important Achaemenid satraps who were the guardians of the Amard Sea, the current Caspian Sea.^[15] Further evidence of the power of the Amol people is their fighting in the Battle of Thermopylae, Battle of Gaugamela and other Sardis forces in the Achaemenid Empire.^[16] Quintus Curtius Rufus said, Immortals (Achaemenid Empire) Archers they were all Amard people.^[17]

During the age of the Parthian Empire, Amol was one of the centers of Iran. It seems that Amol's reputation in the time of Alexander the Great and the Parthian period dominated the political-administrative Satrap was Hyrcanian.^[18] During the Parthian period, Amol was also famous and prosperous, which was called Homo or Hamo. Parthian King Phraates I (171–173 AH) defeated the Mardas in the Amol region. He is said to have moved a group of people to the Parthian lands in northern Khorasan and settled in western Amu Darya, also known as Amol Zam.

According to historical literature, Amol was the capital of Mazandaran during the period starting from the 3rd century AD under the Sassanian Empire to the 13/14th century AD under the Ilkhanate dynasty of Mongol Empire. Before Islam, Amol was one of the largest and most important cities in the region and was considered the center of Mazandaran. The city of Amol existed before the Sassanids and during the Alexander period. During the Sassanid period, the importance of this Amol was increased due to the escape of the followers of Mazdak to this city. Based on pieces of evidence, including the coins found during excavations in addition to Muslim historical books, Amol was the capital of Mazandaran province during the Sassanid Era. According to historical literature, Amol was the capital of Mazandaran during the period starting from the 3rd century under Sassanian Empire to the 13/14th century under the Ilkhanate dynasty of Mongol Empire. On Sasanian coins, coin cities where there has been an abbreviated name is known, but the mark m was Amol. During the Bahram V, Amol was Central to Iran and during the Khosrow II and Dabuyid dynasty capital Mazandaran. Amu Darya The Sasanian Pers River is about 2,500 km long, regarded in ancient times as the boundary between Iran and Turan; the modern name may be derived from Amol.^[19] In the city during this period, there was a Temple, Market, and fireplace there was. Ibn Rawi, in his book, calls Amol bigger than Isfahan and Qazvin.^[20] Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Amul,_Iran
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