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Cirebon Regency
Kabupaten Cirebon | |
---|---|
Other transcription(s) | |
• Sundanese | ᮊᮘᮥᮕᮒᮦᮔ᮪ ᮎᮤᮛᮨᮘᮧᮔ᮪ |
• Hanacaraka | ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦕꦶꦫꦺꦧꦺꦴꦤ꧀ |
![]() Regent office of Cirebon | |
Motto(s): Rame Ing Gawe Suci Ing Pamrih (High in Efforts, Chaste in Rewards) | |
![]() Location within West Java | |
Coordinates: 6°45′51″S 108°28′44″E / 6.7641°S 108.4789°E | |
Country | Indonesia |
Province | West Java |
Government | |
• Regent | Imron Rosyadi |
• Vice Regent | Wahyu Tjiptaningsih |
Area | |
• Total | 1,076.76 km2 (415.74 sq mi) |
Population (mid 2023 estimate) | |
• Total | 2,360,441 |
• Density | 2,200/km2 (5,700/sq mi) |
[1] | |
Time zone | UTC+7 (Indonesia Western Time) |
Area code | +62 231 |
License plate | E |
Website | cirebonkab.go.id |
Cirebon Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of West Java Province of Indonesia. The town of Sumber is its capital. It covers 1,076.76 km2 and had a population of 2,068,116 at the 2010 census[2] and 2,270,621 at the 2020 census;[3] the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 2,360,441 (comprising 1,195,535 males and 1,164,906 females).[1] These area and population figures exclude those of Cirebon City, which is an independent administration, although totally surrounded by the regency on its landward side.
The Cirebon region is renowned for the production of various types of mangoes. There are plans to support the expansion of mango production in the region both for export as well as for the domestic market. Mango production is currently concentrated in just a few parts of the regency. Local farmers and officials believe there is considerable potential to expand production to other nearby parts of the locality.[4]
Etymology
Being on the border of Sundanese (i.e., West Java) and Javanese (i.e., Central Java) cultural regions, many of Cirebon's residents speak a dialect that is a mix of Sundanese and Javanese, known as the Jawareh dialect, and it is thought that the word "Cirebon" derives from the Javanese word, caruban, meaning "mixed", a reference to the city's mix of Sundanese, Javanese, Chinese, and Arabic cultural elements. Alternatively, it could be derived from the Sundanese words of "Ci" (water or river) and "Rebon" ("shrimp").[5] (Indeed, the main production of the city is fishery including shrimps).
History
According to the manuscript Purwaka Caruban Nagari, in 15th century Cirebon started as a small fishing village named Muara Jati. At that time the port of Muara Jati already attracted foreign traders. The port master at that time is Ki Gedeng Alang-Alang whose appointed by the king of Galuh kingdom located inland in Kawali, Ciamis. He moved the port to Lemahwungkuk, 5 kilometres southward. As the new settlement leader, Ki Gedeng Alang-Alang was bestowed the title "Kuwu Cerbon" (Cerbon village leader).
A 15th century prince from Pajajaran, Prince Walangsungsang, converted to Islam, and was appointed as the Adipati (Duke) of Cirebon with the title Cakrabumi. He established the new kingdom of Cirebon and declared independence from Sunda and Galuh. The establishment of Cirebon Sultanate marked the first Islamic rule in Western Java, that grew from modest fishing village of Muara Jati to a busy port of Java northern coast.[6] Cirebon grew as one of the independent sultanates under the leadership of Sunan Gunungjati, in the early 16th century.
After the Sunda Kingdom collapsed, The Sultanates of Banten and Mataram fought control over Cirebon, which declared its allegiance to Sultan Agung of Mataram. But the latter's grandson Amangkurat II ceded the city to the Dutch in 1677.[5] A treaty in 1705 saw the Cirebon area west of Cisanggarung River became a Dutch protectorate jointly administered by three sultans whose courts rivalled those of Central Java.[5] The Dutch authorities later established the Cirebon Residence (Residentie Tjirebon) which composed of present-day Cirebon, Indramayu, and Kuningan.[7]
During the time of the Dutch "Culture System" a flourishing trade in colonial cash crops attracted many Chinese entrepreneurs and the Chinese influence is still evident in the batik for which Cirebon is famous.[citation needed][5] Cirebon suffered a famine in 1844, apparently triggered by a combination of drought and the shift from subsistence agriculture to cash crops, particularly indigo and sugarcane.[citation needed]
Campaign for Cirebon Province
Some of the local political elite in Cirebon and surrounding regencies have campaigned for Cirebon city, together with the regencies of Cirebon, Indramayu, Kuningan and Majalengka to be established as a new province - in the same way as Banten Province was formed by splitting it away from West Java.[8] To be a new province it is required that it should be proposed by at least three regencies. Leaders from four of these administrations have given their consent, but Majalengka Regency has turned down the idea and indicated that it would prefer to stay part of West Java. However, the lack of support from the Majalengka area does not preclude Cirebon city and the other three regencies from continuing to promote the idea.[9]
The potential size and population of this possible Province would be as follows:
Name | Capital | Area in km2 |
Pop'n 2010 census |
Pop'n 2020 census [10] |
Pop'n mid 2023 estimate[11] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cirebon City | Cirebon | 39.48 | 296,389 | 333,303 | 341,980 |
Cirebon Regency | Sumber | 1,076.76 | 2,067,196 | 2,270,621 | 2,360,441 |
Indramayu Regency | Indramayu | 2,099.42 | 1,663,737 | 1,834,434 | 1,894,325 |
Kuningan Regency | Kuningan | 1,194.09 | 1,035,589 | 1,167,686 | 1,201,764 |
Majalengka Regency | Majalengka | 1,204.24 | 1,166,473 | 1,305,476 | 1,340,617 |
Totals | 5,613.99 | 6,229,384 | 6,911,520 | 7,139,127 |
Geography
Cirebon Regency is bordered by the Java Sea to the north-east, by Indramayu Regency to the north, Majalengka Regency to the west, Kuningan Regency to the south, and Brebes Regency (in Central Java Province) to the southeast. A small landing site "Penggung" also serves the TNI-AU. The city lies on Jalur Pantura (Pantai Utara Jawa), a major road on the northern coast of Java that stretches from Anyer, passes through Jakarta, and ends at Surabaya.
Administrative divisions
Cirebon Regency (excluding Cirebon City) is divided into forty districts (kecamatan), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census[2] and the 2020 census,[12] together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.[1] The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 412 rural desa and 12 urban kelurahan, the latter all being in Sumber District), and their post codes.
Kode Wilayah |
Name of District (kecamatan) |
Area in km2 |
Pop'n 2010 census |
Pop'n 2020 census |
Pop'n mid 2023 estimate |
Admin centre |
No. of villages |
Post code |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
32.09.01 | Waled | 30.76 | 52,659 | 56,013 | 57,652 | Waled Kota | 12 | 45180 |
32.09.32 | Pasaleman | 41.28 | 24,968 | 26,528 | 27,295 | Pasaleman | 7 | 45187 |
32.09.02 | Ciledug | 14.62 | 42,174 | 45,601 | 47,159 | Ciledug Kulon | 10 | 45188 |
32.09.33 | Pabuaran | 9.57 | 33,696 | 36,760 | 38,115 | Pabuaran Lor | 7 | 45194 |
32.09.03 | Losari | 45.32 | 54,101 | 62,351 | 65,687 | Panggangsari | 10 | 45192 |
32.09.04 | Pabedilan | 25.80 | 51,475 | 58,198 | 60,972 | Pabedilan Kidul | 13 | 45193 |
32.09.05 | Babakan | 22.16 | 62,312 | 71,288 | 74,942 | Babakan Gebang | 14 | 45191 |
32.09.30 | Gebang | 35.30 | 57,605 | 67,861 | 71,948 | Gebang | 13 | 45190 |
32.09.06 | Karangsembung | 18.80 | 34,450 | 36,491 | 37,513 | Karangsuwung | 8 | 45186 |
32.09.34 | Karangwareng | 27.17 | 26,563 | 28,547 | 29,470 | Kubangdeleg | 9 | 45184 |
32.09.07 | Lemahabang | 22.63 | 50,751 | 55,569 | 57,678 | Lemahabang | 13 | 45183 |
32.09.08 | Susukan Lebak | 18.03 | 37,010 | 41,147 | 42,898 | Susukan Agung | 13 | 45185 |
32.09.09 | Sedong | 34.39 | 39,429 | 42,302 | 43,649 | Panongan | 10 | 45189 |
32.09.10 | Astanajapura | 29.15 | 75,737 | 79,884 | 82,021 | Buntet | 11 | 45181 |
32.09.11 | Pangenan | 36.82 | 43,001 | 46,870 | 48,585 | Pangenan | 9 | 45182 |
32.09.12 | Mundu | 27.49 | 73,591 | 81,221 | 84,498 | Luwung | 12 | 45173 |
32.09.13 | Beber | 25.61 | 36,521 | 44,203 | 47,235 | Halimpu | 10 | 45172 |
32.09.38 | Greged | 32.19 | 51,073 | 56,812 | 59,239 | Nanggela | 10 | 45170 |
Total South & East | 499.67 | 847,116 | 937,646 | 976,556 | 191 | |||
32.09.14 | Talun | 19.53 | 62,819 | 71,464 | 75,004 | Kecomberan | 11 | 45171 |
32.09.15 | Sumber | 29.50 | 80,959 | 96,725 | 102,973 | Sumber | 14 (a) | 45611 - 45613 |
32.09.16 | Dukupuntang | 37.39 | 60,356 | 64,980 | 67,116 | Dukupuntang | 13 | 45652 |
32.09.17 | Palimanan | 19.10 | 55,609 | 61,933 | 64,602 | Palimanan Timur | 12 | 45160 |
32.09.18 | Plumbon | 19.01 | 73,416 | 82,323 | 86,040 | Plumbon | 15 | 45158 |
32.09.31 | Depok | 16.36 | 57,071 | 66,246 | 69,936 | Depok | 12 | 45155 |
32.09.19 | Weru | 9.10 | 64,213 | 69,942 | 72,486 | Setu Kulon | 9 | 45159 |
32.09.36 | Plered | 13.22 | 51,092 | 55,102 | 56,942 | Kaliwulu | 10 | 45154 |
32.09.35 | Tengahtani | 9.75 | 40,381 | 45,435 | 47,534 | Dawuan | 8 | 45168 |
32.09.20 | Kedawung | 10.77 | 62,245 | 60,933 | 61,602 | Kalikoa | 8 | 45153 |
32.09.21 | Gunungjati | 22.61 | 77,918 | 82,442 | 84,724 | Klayan | 13 | 45151 |
32.09.22 | Kapetakan | 67.46 | 51,601 | 60,975 | 64,705 | Kapetakan | 9 | 45152 |
32.09.39 | Suranenggala | 25.92 | 41,386 | 46,081 | 48,063 | Karangreja | 11 | 45150 |
32.09.23 | Klangenan | 20.40 | 51,028 | 52,948 | 54,106 | Jemaras Kidul | 9 | 45157 |
32.09.40 | Jamblang | 16.57 | 35,240 | 38,236 | 39,582 | Wangunharja | 8 | 45156 |
32.09.24 | Arjawinangun | 24.26 | 62,813 | 70,730 | 74,014 | Arjawinangun | 11 | 45162 |
32.09.25 | Panguragan | 21.97 | 42,637 | 43,208 | 43,851 | Panguragan Kulon | 9 | 45163 |
32.09.26 | Ciwaringin | 19.01 | 38,107 | 38,381 | 38,883 | Ciwaringin | 8 | 45167 |
32.09.37 | Gempol | 30.69 | 43,266 | 46,230 | 47,645 | Gempol | 8 | 45161 |
32.09.27 | Susukan | 51.98 | 62,329 | 68,394 | 71,034 | Bojong Kulon | 12 | 45166 |
32.09.28 | Gegesik | 63.75 | 69,598 | 69,355 | 70,116 | Gegesik Lor | 14 | 45164 |
32.09.29 | Kaliwedi | 28.74 | 35,996 | 40,912 | 42,927 | Kaliwedi Kidul | 9 | 45165 |
Total North & West | 577.09 | 1,240,069 | 1,332,985 | 1,383,885 | 233 |
Note: (a) comprises the 12 kelurahan (Babakan, Gegunung, Kaliwadas, Kemantren, Kenanga, Pasalakan, Pejambon, Perbutulan, Sendang, Sumber, Tukmudal and Watubelah) and 2 desa.
The city of Cirebon virtually splits the Regency geographically into two parts. The eighteen districts in the first half of the table lie to the south and east of the city, while the twenty-two districts in the second half of the table are situated to the north and west of the city.
Demographics
The city's population was 298,224 at the census of 2010[13] and 333,303 at the census of 2020. The official estimate as at mid 2023 was 341,980. As with other coastal cities in Indonesia, a large population of ethnic Chinese has flocked into the city as a result of long-term Chinese immigration since the 17th century. Significant suburbs lie within densely populated Cirebon Regency, and the official metropolitan area encompasses this entire regency as well as the city. As many people in Indonesia still go by one name as in Indonesian tradition, the country is facing a major overhaul of its identification cards (id:Kartu Tanda Penduduk elektronik), new data is challenging 2010 population census figures, however the accuracy vis-a-vis the census remains unknown.
Administrative division | Area (km2) | Pop'n 2010 census |
Pop'n 2020 census |
Pop'n mid 2023 estimate |
Pop'n density mid 2023 (per km2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cirebon City | 39.48 | 298,224 | 333,303 | 341,980 | 8,662 |
Cirebon Regency | 1,076.76 | 2,068,116 | 2,270,621 | 2,360,441 | 2,192 |
Metropolitan area | 1,116.24 | 2,366,340 | 2,603,924 | 2,702,421 | 2,421 |
sources: (Budan Pusat Statistik 2010 and 2020 censuses of Indonesia)
- https://web.archive.org/web/20120628013636/http://www.bps.go.id/aboutus.php?sp=0&kota=32 Tabel Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010 Provinsi JAWA BARAT
- https://web.archive.org/web/20131014170450/http://www.jabarprov.go.id/index.php/subMenu/75 Sumber : Database SIAK Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2011
Although surrounded by Sundanese-speaking areas in West Java, linguists have stated that Cirebon (and the historically related region of Serang city in Banten Province) are inside its own Cirebonese language area. In addition, this is supported by a large portion of the Cirebon people referring to themselves as "Wong Cirebon" ("Cirebonese people"), and to their language as "Basa Cirebon" ("Cirebonese"). Cirebonese language is related to Javanese and Banyumasan with dialects such as the Jawareh, Plered, and Dermayon dialects. A portion of people in eastern Cirebon identified themselves as either Javanese or Banyumasan, while people lived in the border region with the Kuningan and Majalengka Regencies identified themselves as Sundanese.[citation needed]
Economy
Cirebon City economy is influenced by the strategic geographical location and characteristics of natural resources so that the structure of its economy dominated by manufacturing, trade, hotels and restaurants, transport and communications and service sectors. Tomé Pires in the Suma Oriental around the year 1513 mentions Cirebon is one of the trade center on the island of Java. After Cirebon taken over by the Dutch East Indies government, in 1859, designated as a transit port of Cirebon import-export goods and the political control center for the region in the interior of Java.
Until 2001, the economic contribution to the City of Cirebon is a processing industry (41.32%), followed by trade, hotels and restaurants (29.8%), transport and communications sector (13.56%), services sector (6.06%). While other sectors (9.26%) including mining, agriculture, construction, electricity, gas and an average of 2-3%.
Aside from fishery, its harbour, Tanjung Emas, on the Java Sea has been a major hub for timber from Borneo.
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