Co-articulated consonant - Biblioteka.sk

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Co-articulated consonant
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Co-articulated consonants or complex consonants are consonants produced with two simultaneous places of articulation. They may be divided into two classes: doubly articulated consonants with two primary places of articulation of the same manner (both stop, or both nasal, etc.), and consonants with secondary articulation, that is, a second articulation not of the same manner.[1]: 328 

Doubly articulated consonantsedit

Main article: Doubly articulated consonant

An example of a doubly articulated consonant is the voiceless labial-velar stop k͡p, which is pronounced simultaneously at the velum (a k) and at the lips (a p).

In practically all languages of the world that have doubly articulated consonants, these are either clicks or labial-velars.

Consonants with secondary articulationedit

Main article: Secondary articulation

An example of a consonant with secondary articulation is the voiceless labialized velar stop kʷ has only a single stop articulation, velar k, with a simultaneous approximant-like rounding of the lips.

There is a large number of common secondary articulations. The most frequently encountered are labialization (such as kʷ), palatalization (such as the Russian "soft" consonants like pʲ), velarization (such as the English "dark" el lˠ), and pharyngealization (such as the Arabic emphatic consonants like tˤ).

Distinction between the two classesedit

As might be expected from the approximant-like nature of secondary articulation, it is not always easy to tell whether a co-articulated approximant consonant such as ?pojem= is doubly or secondarily articulated. In some English dialects[which?], for example, ?pojem= is a labialized velar that could be transcribed as ɰʷ.

Similar phonesedit

The glottis controls phonation, and works simultaneously with many consonants. It is not normally considered an articulator, and an ejective such as kʼ, with simultaneous closure of the velum and glottis, is not normally considered to be a co-articulated consonant.

See alsoedit

Referencesedit

  1. ^ Peter Ladefoged; Ian Maddieson (February 1996), The Sounds of the World's Languages, Blackwell Publishing, Wikidata Q98962682