Demographics of the Republic of Turkey
Turkey population pyramid in 2020
Population	85,372,377 (31 December 2023)
Growth rate	0.11% (2023)
Birth rate	10.9 births/1,000 population (2023)
Death rate	5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2022)
Life expectancy	78.6 years (2020)
• male	75.9 years (2020)
• female	81.3 years (2020)
Fertility rate	1.51 children born/woman (2023)[1]
Infant mortality rate	9.1 deaths/1000 infants (2022)
Age structure
0–14 years	21.4% (2023)
15–64 years	68.3% (2023)
65 and over	10.2% (2023)
Sex ratio
Total	0.99 male(s)/female (2021)[2]
At birth	1.05 male(s)/female (2022)
Under 15	1.05 male(s)/female (2022)
65 and over	0.82 male(s)/female (2022)
Nationality
Nationality	noun: Turk(s) adjective: Turkish
Major ethnic	Turks
Language
Official	Turkish
Spoken	See Languages of Turkey

Demographic features of the population of Turkey include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

As of 31 December 2023,^[update] the population of Turkey was 85.3 million with a growth rate of 0.11% per annum.^[3] Turks are the largest ethnic group.

By ethnicity Turks (70-75%), Kurds (19%), other (6-11% including Arabs, Albanians, Bosniaks, Circassians, Chechens, Georgians, Romani, Laz people and others) (2016 estimate)

The population has been aging in recent years, with just 21.4% falling in the 0–14 age bracket (down from 26.4% in 2007).^[4] The population over the age of 65 is 10.2% (up from 7.1% in 2007). As of 2023,^[update] the median age of the Turkish population is 34 years (up from 28.3 in 2007).^[5] According to OECD/World Bank population statistics, from 1990 to 2008 the population growth in Turkey was 16 million or 29%.^[6]

Population

Historical population

Historical population^{[7] [8]}

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1890 8,274,971 —     1910 12,329,210 +2.01% 1927 13,648,270 +0.60% 1935 16,158,018 +2.13% 1940 17,820,950 +1.98% 1945 18,790,174 +1.06% 1950 20,947,188 +2.20% 1955 24,064,763 +2.81% 1960 27,754,820 +2.89% 1965 31,391,421 +2.49% 1970 35,605,176 +2.55%

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1975 40,347,719 +2.53% 1980 44,736,957 +2.09% 1985 50,664,458 +2.52% 1990 56,473,035 +2.19% 2000 67,803,927 +1.85% 2010 73,722,988 +0.84% 2015 78,741,053 +1.33% 2020 83,614,362 +1.21% 2021 84,680,273 +1.27% 2022 85,279,553 +0.71%

Life expectancy

Life expectancy in Turkey according to the UN^[9]

Period	Life expectancy in Years	Period	Life expectancy in Years
1950–1955	41.01	1985–1990	63.04
1955–1960	43.69	1990–1995	65.49
1960–1965	47.22	1995–2000	68.49
1965–1970	50.78	2000–2005	71.37
1970–1975	53.75	2005–2010	73.37
1975–1980	57.05	2010–2015	74.83
1980–1985	60.22	2015–2020	77.31

According to the CIA World Factbook, in 2019, life expectancy was 78.3 years for the total population, 75.6 years for men and 81.0 years for women.^[10]

Urbanization

According to the CIA World Factbook:^[11]

• Urban population: 75.1% of total population (2018)
• Rate of urbanization: 2.04% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)

Median age

According to the CIA World Factbook:^[11]

• Total population: 32.4 years
• Male: 31.7 years
• Female: 33.1 years (2019 est.)^[12]

Sex ratio

According to the CIA World Factbook:^[11]

• At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
• Under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
• 15–24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
• 25–54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
• 55–64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
• 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
• Total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Literacy

According to the CIA World Factbook:^[11] Defined as people age 15 and over who can read and write, 2016 est.

• Total population: 96.2%
• Male: 98.8%
• Female: 93.6%

2022 official estimates:^[13]

• Total population: 97.6%
• Male: 99.3%
• Female: 95.9%

Vital statistics

UN estimates

The figures from the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs:^[14]

Period	Live births per year	Deaths per year	Natural change per year	CBR[a]	CDR[a]	NC[a]	TFR[a]	IMR[a]
1950–1955	1,127,000	551,000	677,000	48.4	18.8	29.6	6.69	167.4
1955–1960	1,216,000	564,000	752,000	46.9	18.4	28.5	6.5	163.9
1960–1965	1,277,000	547,000	799,000	44.3	17.6	26.7	6.2	160.5
1965–1970	1,343,000	527,000	792,000	40.3	16.7	23.6	5.80	156.9
1970–1975	1,451,000	523,000	887,000	38.7	15.0	23.7	5.39	141.3
1975–1980	1,497,000	505,000	977,000	36.4	13.0	23.4	4.69	119.4
1980–1985	1,527,000	481,000	1,074,000	33.8	10.8	23.0	4.11	96.7
1985–1990	1,431,000	454,000	976,000	27.7	8.8	18.9	3.39	78.0
1990–1995	1,375,000	438,000	987,000	25.1	7.7	17.4	3.11	63.0
1995–2000	1,389,000	418,000	983,000	22.8	6.9	15.9	2.76	45.5
2000–2005	1,345,000	404,000	923,000	20.5	6.2	14.3	2.50	31.4
2005–2010	1,309,000	415,000	932,000	18.7	5.9	12.8	2.27	24.0
2010–2015	1,302,000	439,000	914,000	17.3	5.8	11.5	2.15	13.0
2015–2020	1,281,000	473,000	808,000	15.8	5.8	10.0	2.10
2020–2025	1,242,000	509,000	733,000	14.6	6.0	8.6	2.04
2025–2030	1,191,000	543,000	648,000	13.6	6.2	7.4	2.01
^ a b c d e CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Registered births and deaths

Birth statistics of Turkey from 2001 onward are from the Central Population Administrative System (MERNIS) database which is available on-line.^[15] Birth statistics are updated continually because MERNIS has dynamic structure.^[16]

In 2010 Turkey had a crude birth rate of 17.2 per 1000, in 2011 16.7, down from 20.3 in 2001. The total fertility rate (TFR) in 2010 was 2.05 children per woman, in 2011 2.02. The crude birth rate in 2010 ranged from 11.5 per 1,000 in West Marmara (TFR 1.52) (11,5;1.55 in 2011), similar to neighbouring Bulgaria, to 27.9 per 1,000 in Southeast Anatolia (TFR 3.53) (27.1;3,42 in 2011), similar to neighbouring Syria. Similarly, in 2012, the TFR ranged from 1.43 in Kırklareli, to 4.39 in Şanlıurfa.^[17] Death statistics from MERNIS are available as of 2009. Mortality data prior to 2009 are incomplete.

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Demographics_of_Turkey
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	Population (31.12.)	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death (per 1000)	Natural increase (per 1000)	Crude migration (per 1000)	Total fertility rate (TFR)
1990		1,392,000	388,000	1,004,000