First Black Mountain Expedition

First Black Mountain Expedition
Date	February-November 1850
Location	Torghar, North-West Frontier Province, British India
Result	British victory
Belligerents
British Raj	Hassanzai tribesmen
Commanders and leaders
Lt. Col. Frederick Mackeson	Unknown
Strength
2400 Soldiers; 1400 Native Militia; 17 Cannons;	Several thousand
Casualties and losses
5 Killed, 10 Wounded	Unknown

The First Black Mountain Expedition was a British-Indian military expedition to Torghar (Black Mountain), North-West Frontier Province against the the Black Mountain tribes.^[2]

The war began when two British customs officers were killed by tribesmen.^[3] The First Black Mountain Expedition according to contemporary sources revealed the cause of the seemingly systematic nature of the revolt, as the British first discovered the Hindustani (Ahl-i Hadith) fanatics, who had caused the failure of the negotiations between the locals and the authorities. The campaign made it necessary for another expedition to subdue the colony of the Hindustanis in 1853.^[4]

References

^ Qeyamuddin Ahmad (2020). The Wahhabi Movement in India. ISBN 9781000082067.
^ "Expeditions Against the Frontier Tribes of the Northwest Frontier Province". antiquesatoz.com. Retrieved 2020-11-27.
^ "Black Mountain Expedition 1852-53 - FIBIwiki". wiki.fibis.org. Retrieved 2020-11-27.
^ Jules Stewart (2007). The Savage Border: The Story of the North-West Frontier. the History Press. ISBN 9780752496078.

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[1] Qeyamuddin Ahmad (2020). The Wahhabi Movement in India. ISBN 9781000082067.

[2] "Expeditions Against the Frontier Tribes of the Northwest Frontier Province". antiquesatoz.com. Retrieved 2020-11-27.

[3] "Black Mountain Expedition 1852-53 - FIBIwiki". wiki.fibis.org. Retrieved 2020-11-27.

[4] Jules Stewart (2007). The Savage Border: The Story of the North-West Frontier. the History Press. ISBN 9780752496078.

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See also

References