Politics of Palestine
Officeholders whose status is disputed are shown in italics
Member state of the Arab League
Government State of Palestine government (Ramallah) President: Mahmoud Abbasa Prime Minister: Mohammad Shtayyeh Hamas government (Gaza)
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Legislative Council Palestinian National Council Palestinian Legislative Council Current members Speaker Aziz Dweik
Elections Elections Electoral regions Political parties PLO political parties Next presidential election Next legislative election
Administrative divisions Palestinian enclaves Governorates
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The foreign relations of the State of Palestine have been conducted since the establishment of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1964.^[1] Since the Oslo Accords, it seeks to obtain universal recognition for the State of Palestine on the 1967 borders, with East Jerusalem as its capital. As of 21 June 2024, 145 of the 193 United Nations (UN) member states officially recognize the State of Palestine (Israel is recognized by 164 excluding Israel itself).

In November 1988, the Palestinian National Council declared the independence of the State of Palestine, and in 1994, the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) was established following the Oslo Accords. The PLO Executive Committee performs the functions of the government of the State of Palestine.

After 2011, the PLO's diplomatic effort focused on the Palestine 194 campaign, which aims to gain membership for the State of Palestine in the United Nations. In November 2012, the State of Palestine was accepted as a non-member observer state of the UN General Assembly with the passing of United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19.^[2][3]

Background

The Palestine Liberation Organization was created in 1964 as a paramilitary organization and has sought to conduct foreign relations with states and international organisations since that time.^[1] Initially, the PLO established relations with Arab and communist countries. In 1969 the PLO became a member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.^[4][5] In October 1974, the Arab League designated the PLO as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people".^[6] The new status of the PLO was recognised by all Arab League states except Jordan (Jordan recognised that status of the PLO at a later stage). On 22 November 1974, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3236 recognised the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, national independence, and sovereignty in Palestine. It also recognised the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people to the United Nations. By Resolution 3237 on the same date, the PLO was granted non-State observer status at the United Nations.^[7][8] In September 1976, the PLO became a non-state member of the Arab League, and in the same year became a member of the Non-Aligned Movement.

On 15 November 1988, in support of the First Intifada, the PLO declared the establishment of the State of Palestine, which was widely recognised by many foreign governments,^[9] although often statements made were of an equivocal nature^[10] – at times referring to the PLO or the State of Palestine or one acting on behalf of the other, or by the generic "Palestine". Many countries and organisations "upgraded" representation from the PLO to the new State, though in practice the same PLO offices, personnel and contacts continued to be used. In February 1989 at the United Nations Security Council, the PLO representative claimed recognition from 94 states.^[11][12] Since then, additional states have publicly extended recognition.

The PNA was established by the PLO in 1994 following the Oslo Accords and the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement. The Israeli government transferred certain powers and responsibilities of self-government to the PNA, which are in effect in parts of the West Bank, and used to be effective in the Gaza Strip before its takeover by Hamas. The Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority, who since July 2007 has been Riyad Al-Maliki, is responsible for the foreign relations of the PNA. States maintain official relations with the PNA through offices in the Palestinian territories, and the representation of the PNA abroad is accomplished by the missions of the PLO, who represents it there.

Both the PLO (representing itself, the State of Palestine, or the PNA) and the PNA now maintain an extensive network of diplomatic relations,^[13] and participate in multiple international organisations with status of member state, observer, associate, or affiliate. The designation "Palestine", adopted in 1988 by the UN for the PLO,^[14] is currently also used as reference to the PNA and the State of Palestine by states and international organisations, in many cases regardless of the level of recognition and relations they have with any of these entities.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which maintain diplomatic relations with the State of Palestine by date:

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Foreign_relations_of_the_State_of_Palestine
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#	Country	Date
1	United Arab Emirates	17 November 1988[15]
2	Vietnam	19 November 1988[16]
3	China	20 November 1988[17]
4	Algeria	16 December 1988[18]
5	Bulgaria	December 1988[19]
6	Saudi Arabia	1 January 1989[20]
7	Bahrain	3 January 1989[21]
8	Kuwait	3 January 1989[21]
9	Jordan	7 January 1989[22]
10	Qatar	7 January 1989[22]
11	Malaysia	12 January 1989[23]
12	Niger	18 January 1989[24]
13	Pakistan	18 January 1989[25]
14	Oman	23 January 1989[26]
15	Morocco	31 January 1989[27]
16	Sri Lanka	6 February 1989[28]
17	Uganda	15 February 1989[29]
18	Ghana	17 February 1989[30]
19	Romania	February 1989[31]
20	Senegal	February 1989[32]
21	North Korea	3 March 1989[33]
22	Serbia	5 April 1989[34]
23	Republic of the Congo	6 April 1989[35]
24	Gabon	7 April 1989[36]
25	Poland	11 April 1989[37]
26	Laos	15 May 1989[38]
27	Hungary	23 June 1989[39]
28	Bangladesh	24 July 1989[40]
29	Philippines	4 September 1989[41]
30	Vanuatu	17 October 1989[42]
31	Indonesia	19 October 1989[43]
32	Albania	26 October 1989[44]
33	India	16 November 1989[45]
34	Guinea-Bissau	November 1989[46]
35	Russia	10 January 1990[47]
36	Comoros	1990[48]
37	Mauritius	1990[48]
38	Seychelles	1990[48]
39	Tanzania	1990[48]
40	Zambia	20 February 1991[49]
41	Namibia	2 May 1991[50]
42	Cambodia	17 December 1991[51]
43	Turkey	19 December 1991[52]
44	Syria	22 January 1992[53]
45	Tajikistan	6 March 1992[54]
46	Kazakhstan	6 April 1992[55]
47	Azerbaijan	15 April 1992[56]
48	Turkmenistan	17 April 1992[57]
49	Georgia	25 April 1992[58]
50	Bosnia and Herzegovina	30 October 1992[59]
51	Slovakia	1 January 1993[60]
52	Brunei	24 May 1994[61]
53	Uzbekistan	25 September 1994[62]
54	Papua New Guinea	13 January 1995[63]
55	South Africa	15 February 1995[64]
56	Tunisia	19 April 1995[65]
57	Kyrgyzstan	12 September 1995[66]
58	Malawi	23 October 1998[67]
59	Ukraine	2 November 2001[68]
60	Belarus	4 February 2003[69]
61	East Timor	1 March 2004[70]
62	Paraguay	26 March 2005[71]
63	Montenegro	1 August 2006[72]
64	Costa Rica	5 February 2008[63]
65	Equatorial Guinea	11 July 2008[73]
66	Ecuador	24 November 2008[74]
67	Venezuela	27 April 2009[75]
68	Dominican Republic	15 July 2009[63]
69	Cape Verde	4 December 2009[76]
70	Eswatini	3 November 2010[77]
71	Peru	12 November 2010[78]
72	Chile	25 February 2011[79]
73	Uruguay	29 March 2011[63]
74	Lebanon	17 August 2011[80]
75	Brazil	3 December 2011[81]
76	Iceland	15 December 2011[82]