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Glossary of climbing terms relates to rock climbing (including aid climbing, lead climbing, bouldering, and competition climbing), mountaineering, and to ice climbing.[1][2][3]
The terms used can vary between different English-speaking countries; many of the phrases described here are particular to the United States and the United Kingdom.
A
- A-grade
The technical difficulty grading system for aid climbing (both for "original" and an adapted version for "new wave"), which goes: A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and up to A6 (for "new wave"). See C-grade.[4]
- Abalakov thread
-
A type of anchor used in abseiling especially in winter and in ice climbing.
- ABD
A term used to describe a progress capture device or a self-locking device such as a Petzl GriGri that immediately locks if the rope travels through it quickly in a specific direction. See auto belay.
- abseiling
A technique by which a climber descends via a fixed rope that is firmly attached to a fixed anchor point, which is also known as an "abseil station". See tat and cord.
- abseil rack
- See rack.
- add-on
- An indoor climbing game where climbers take turns creating a route, adding two moves at a time.[5]
- accessory cord
- See cord.
- active protection
Type of protection that dynamically changes to absorb the shape and strength of a fall; active protection is the opposite of passive protection. See cams and friends.
- adze
- A thin blade mounted perpendicular to the handle on an ice axe; is used for chopping footholds.
- aid climbing
- Type of rock climbing where artificial devices are used to make upward progress (and not just for protection); opposite of free climbing. See clean aid climbing.
- aider
- See etrier.
- alpine climbing
- A form of mountaineering that includes ice climbing, dry-tooling and rock climbing.
- Alpine-grade
Part of the alpine climbing system for grading the technical difficulty of alpine climbing routes, which goes: F ("facile/easy"), PD ("peu difficile/little difficult"), AD ("assez difficile/fairly hard"), D ("difficile/difficult"), TD ("très difficile/very hard"), and ED ("extrêmement difficile/extremely difficult"); ED then goes ED1, ED2, ED3, .. etc.[4][6]
- alpine knee
- An awkward climbing technique where the knee is placed on the hold rather than the foot.[7]
- alpine start
- Starting a climb very early in the morning, generally before 5:00 a.m. (and even much earlier); common to alpine climbing to avoid afternoon rockfalls and melting snow on the route, or to get firmer ice on the glacier travel to and from the route.[2]
- alpine style
- Carrying all your own gear (even for multi-day climbs); also called "light-weight" climbing; opposite of expedition style.
- American death triangle
- A dangerous anchor that is created by connecting a closed loop of webbing between two points of protection.
- anchor
- An arrangement of one or more pieces of fixed protection set up to support the weight of a belay, a top rope, or an abseil.[1][3] See also deadman anchor.
- ape index
- A measure of the ratio of a climber's arm span relative to their height.
- arête
- 1. A small ridge-like feature or a sharp outward-facing corner on a steep rock face.
- 2. A narrow ridge of rock formed by glacial erosion.
- 3. A method of indoor climbing in which one is able to use such a corner as a hold. See also dihedral.
- arm bar
- A climbing technique where the climber jams their arm into a crack and locks it into place, to aid their ascent.[1]
- armchair landing
- A technique in deep-water soloing for entering shallower water where the climber needs to avoid deeper hazards in the water; executed properly a 30-foot (9.1 m) fall can be absorbed in just 5 feet (1.5 m) of water.[8]
- ascender
- A mechanical device used for ascending a fixed rope, very common in aid climbing and big wall climbing. See jumar.
- aspect
- The geographical direction which a particular slope or rock wall faces, e.g. "north aspect".
- ATC
- A belay device from Black Diamond (the "Air Traffic Controller") that became a generic term for any tuber belay device.
- Australian rappel
-
A type of abseiling technique performed face first; used for military purposes.[9]
- auto belay
- A mechanical belay device on indoor climbing walls, which hangs from the top of routes that solo climbers clip into.
B
- B-grade
- A grading system for bouldering invented by John Gill, now superseded by the V-grading system.
- Bachar ladder
- A piece of training equipment used to improve campusing and core body and arm strength; invented by John Bachar.
- back-clipping
- A hazardous mistake whereby the rope is clipped into a quickdraw such that the leader's end runs underneath the quickdraw as opposed to over the top of it. If the leader falls, the rope may fold directly over the gate, causing it to open and release the rope from the carabiner.[1][10]
- back-step
- Stepping on a hold where the outside edge — little toe side — of the shoe touches the rock.[1][11][12]
- bail
- To retreat from a climb.
- ball nut
- A type of protection device consisting of a nut and a movable ball used for very small thin cracks.[13]
- barn-door
- When all four points of contact are on a straight axis, the body can swing uncontrollably on this axis. See flagging.[2]
- bashie
- See copperhead.
- bat hang
- Where a lead climber gains a brief upside-down rest by hanging from their wedged feet. See chest jam and knee bar.
- belay
- To protect a roped lead climber from falling by controlling the rope; usually involves a belay device.[1][2]
- belayer
- The person belaying the lead climber, also known as a second.
- belay device
- A mechanical device used by belayers to increase braking force when belaying; can be passive like a figure eights or tubers, or a more active assisted braking device like the Petzl GriGri.[1][2]
- belay glasses
- Glasses that are worn by the belayer to help them avoid having to look upward, which can cause neck strain.[14]
- belay gloves
- Gloves that are worn by the belayer to protect their skin in the event of sudden rope movement and to aid grip.[14]
- belay loop
- The strongest point on a climbing harness, and the loop to which a belay device is physically attached.[1][2]
- belay off
- A climbing command from a belayer to confirm that the friction of belaying has been removed from a climbing rope. It is a standard response to a climber's "off belay" request.[15]
- belay on
- A climbing command from a belayer to confirm that the friction of belaying has been (re)applied to a climbing rope. It is a standard response to a climber's "on belay" request.[15]
- belay station
- The place from which a belayer is belaying, sometimes anchored to the ground, or directly to the rock (particularly in a hanging belay on big wall climbing routes), or other objects.[16]
- bergschrund
- A crevasse that forms on the upper portion of a glacier where the moving section pulls away from the headwall.
- beta
- Information on how to complete (or protect) a particular climbing route. See on-sight and flash.[1][2][3]
- beta break
- In sport climbing, a move on a climbing route other than the move originally intended by the route setter. In bouldering, a move other than the move usually used on the boulder.
- beta flash
- See flash.
- bicycle
- A rock-climbing technique for overhangs where the feet "pinch-hold" a foothold by one foot pushing down on it while the other foot pulls up on it (i.e. like the pedals on a bicycle).[17]
- Big Bro
A hollow telescopic tubular device manufactured by Trango for use as protection in off-width crack climbing.[18]
- big wall climbing
- A long sustained sheer exposed rock climb with at least 6–10 pitches (over 300–500 metres), that typically takes over a day (if not many days), and requires the hauling of food, water, sleeping bags, and the use of portaledges.[1]
- bivouac
A crude overnight camp or shelter on a climbing route; on a sheer vertical wall, a portaledge can be used.
- bivy-bag
- A lightweight garment or sack offering full-body protection from wind and rain, which is used in a bivouac.
- body belay
Where the belayer uses their body, and not a mechanical belay device, to increase braking force when belaying; usually involves wrapping the rope around their waist or hip.[19]
- boinking
- A sport climbing technique to get back onto the wall after falling by pulling on the rope to un-weight it, allowing the belayer to take in the slack quickly; avoids the fallen climber having to return to the ground.[20]
- bollard
- A large block of rock or ice that is used as an anchor to construct a belay.
- bolt
- A point of protection permanently installed in a hole drilled into the rock, to which a metal bolt hanger is attached, with a hole to attach a carabiner or a quickdraw; used in sport climbing and in competition climbing.[1][2]
- bolt chopping
- The deliberate removal of bolts from a climb; happens on traditional climbing routes (e.g. the Indian Face); also featured in the "bolt wars" of the 1980s and 1990s in the US.[3]
- bolt ladder
- Sequence of bolts that are so close together, they can be used by aid climbers as a ladder.[2]
- bolt hanger
A piece of metal that is pre-attached to a bolt (i.e. before the bolt is screwed in) into which quickdraws can be clipped.
- bolt runner
- A term to describe a bolt that has no bolt hanger; will require a rivet hanger to be used by a climber.
- bomb-proof
A highly secure anchor, or a particularly solid handhold or foothold.[1][2][21]
- bosun's chair
- A type of larger harness to give a climber relief from bearing a constant load via their climbing harness.
- bouldering
- A type of climbing on large boulders less than 20 feet (6.1 m) high with only crash pads and spotting for protection.[1][2]
- bouldering mat
- A thick foam pad used for protection when bouldering; also called a crash pad.[2]
- bounce test
- A technique in aid climbing where a new placement is tested by using the lead climber's bodyweight.[22]
- bowline on a bight
- A knot that makes a pair of fixed-size loops in the middle of a rope.[23]
- bridging
- See stemming.[1][2]
- bucket
- A large handhold that is very easy to use.[2]
- buildering
- The practice of climbing on buildings, which is often illegal.
- buttress
- A prominent rock feature that juts out from the rock face or from the mountain.[2]
C
- C-grade
The technical difficulty grading system for aid climbing that is "clean" (i.e. no hammered pitons or bolts), which goes: C0, C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5; also has an A-grade equivalent of the "original" aid grades for "new wave".[4]
- cam
- A spring-loaded camming device (SLCD), also known as "friends", used as protection in traditional climbing.[1]
- camalot
- A brand of spring-loaded camming device (SLCD), manufactured by Black Diamond Equipment.
- campusing
- Ascending a route without using the feet; is done on overhanging routes or on a campus board.[1][2] See paddling.
- campus board
- A piece of training equipment used to build finger strength and strong arm lock-offs.[2]
- carabiner
An aluminum loop with a spring-loaded gate used to attach various load-bearing climbing devices together.[1]
- carrot bolt
-
An Australian term for a metal hex-headed machine bolt that functions like a bolt but with no fixed bolt hanger; climbers attach to the carrot bolt by using a version of a rivet hanger or by attaching a removable bolt hanger plate.[24]
- chalk
- Gymnastic magnesium carbonate chalk that is used to reduce moisture, improve friction, and mark holds.[1][2]
- chalk bag
- A hand-sized holder for climbing chalk that is carried on a chalk belt or clipped to a harness.
- chest harness
- Type of harness that also covers the upper body to help prevent a rotation in any fall; particularly used when the climber is carrying a heavy pack, or is climbing in an area with crevasses.
- chest jam
- Jamming the torso into a wide crack, especially to allow the climber to rest.
- chicken bolt
- Term in big wall climbing and aid climbing to refer to a bolt placed to reduce the risk of a difficult section.[25]
- chicken head
- Knob or horn of rock narrowed at the base .[2]
- chicken wing
- A crack climbing technique where a hand is placed on one side of the crack and the shoulder on the other.[26]
- chimneying
- Rock-climbing technique for climbing a rock cleft with mostly parallel vertical sides, large enough to fit the climber's body. See stemming.[1][2]
- chipping
- Improving a climbing hold by chipping the rock — is considered unethical and poor practice in climbing.[2]
- chock
A stone wedged in a crack that can be threaded to create a point of protection in traditional climbing.[1][2][27]
- chop route
- British term for a traditional climbing route with very poor protection where any fall could be fatal. See X.[2]
- choss
- Loose or "rotten" rock that makes for unpleasant, difficult, or dangerous climbing; useful for dry-tooling.[2]
- classification
- See grade.
- clean
- 1. To remove (or strip) protection equipment from a climbing route.
- 2. A route that is free of loose vegetation and rocks; vigorous cleaning can be chipping[2]
- 3. To complete a climb without falling or resting on the rope. See redpoint.
- clean aid climbing
- A type of aid climbing where only removable traditional climbing protection is allowed, and no hammered-in bolts or pitons. See C-grade.
- clean climbing
- A broad movement that extended from the earlier free climbing movement, which advocated minimizing any form of climbing that permanently impacted the natural rock surface, such as the use of bolts or pitons in sport climbing.
- cleaning tool
-
A device for removing jammed protection equipment, especially nuts, from a route.
- climbing area
- A region with numerous climbing routes. See crag
- climbing command
- A short phrase used for communication and instructions between a lead climber and a belayer. See take.[15]
- climbing gym
- A specialized indoor climbing center; usually just called a "climbing centre" in the UK.
- climbing peak
- From german (Klettergipfel) a formation that can only be ascended by climbing.[28]
- climbing rope
General term for the wide range of specialized ropes that are used in all forms of climbing.[29]
- climbing route
- A path by which a climber reaches the top of a mountain, a rock face or obstacle, or an ice-covered face or obstacle.
- climbing shoe
- Footwear designed specifically for rock climbing that fits tightly and with sticky rubber soles for grip.
- climbing wall
- Artificial rock face that is typically housed indoors; is also used for competition climbing.
- clip in
The process of attaching the rope to protection (usually via a carabiner), to belay devices, or to other anchors. See tie in.
- clipstick
- See stick clip.
- competition climbing
- A type of climbing held on climbing walls for mostly professional or Olympic climbers, split into the disciplines of lead climbing (on a bolted sport climbing route), bouldering and speed climbing. A fourth discipline of "combined" add the three together. See IFSC.[30]
- competition ice climbing
- A type of ice climbing held on climbing walls for mostly professional ice climbers, split into the disciplines of ice lead climbing (on a bolted sport climbing dry-wall route), and ice speed climbing on an iced route. See also UIAA.
- copperhead
-
A small nut on a loop of wire with a head made of metal (often copper), soft enough to deform during placement, which is often with a hammer; commonly used in aid climbing as a point of placement, remaining fixed in-situ after placement.
- cord
A short piece of thin climbing rope used for various purposes in climbing, including for creating abseil stations. See tat.[29]
- cord lock
- A lock or toggle used to fasten cords with gloved hands. Used on most mountaineering gear.
- cordelette
- A loop of narrow (e.g. 5-7 millimetre) accessory perlon cord that is used to tie into multiple anchor points.
- corner
- An inside corner of rock, the opposite of an arête (UK). See dihedral.[2]
- cornice
- An overhanging edge of snow on a ridge.
- crack climbing
- To ascend by wedging body parts into natural cracks in the rock.[1][2] See jamming, chimney, and off-width.
- crag
- An expanse of continuous rock that contains a number of rock climbing routes (e.g. Clogwyn Du'r Arddu).[2]
- crampons
- A pair of metal frames with spikes that can be attached to boots to increase grip on snow and ice. See front pointing.
- cranking
- To pull on a climbing hold as hard as possible.
- crash pad
- See bouldering mat.
- crater
- See ground fall.[2]
- crimp
-
A hold which is only just big enough to be grasped with the tips of the fingers.[1][2][12]
- crux
- The most difficult portion of a climb; often the grade is defined by the difficulty of the crux.[1][2][31]
- cut-loose
- When a climber's feet swing away from the rock on overhanging terrain and they hang by their hands.
D
- D-grade
Where mixed climbing routes are completed in fully dry conditions (i.e. no ice or snow), the "M" suffix of the M-grade is swapped for a "D".
- dab
- A term in bouldering for touching the ground, crash pad, spotter, or hold from other route.[32]
- daisy chain
- A special-purpose type of sling with multiple sewn or tied loops, used in aid and big wall climbing.
- dead hang
- When a climber hangs limp, such that their weight is held by arm ligament tension rather than by muscles.
- deadman anchor
An object which lies horizontally, buried in the snow, serving as an anchor for an attached fixed rope.[33]
- deadpoint
- A controlled dynamic motion in which the hold is grabbed with one hand at the apex of upward motion of the body, while one or both feet and the other hand maintain contact with the rock.[34] See dynos.
- deck
- The ground below a climbing route (i.e they fell to the ground and "hit the deck"). See ground fall.[2]
- deep-water soloing
Free solo climbing on an overhanging route over a body of water to absorb any fall.[2]
- descender
A mechanical device that enables a controlled descent on a fixed rope; belay devices can be descenders.[2]
- dexamethasone
A drug to treat high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE).[35]
- dialled
- To have a complete understanding of a particular climbing move or sequence of moves on a route.
- Diamox
- A drug used to inhibit the onset of altitude sickness; otherwise known as acetazolamide.[35]
- dihedral
- An open book-shaped corner formed at the intersection of two flat rock faces; the opposite of an arête.[1][2]
- direttissima
- Italian for "shortest link", is the most direct route to the summit of a mountain up the fall line (e.g. the Brandler-Hasse Direttissima on the Cima Grande, Dolomites); origin of the term is often attributed to Emilio Comici who said: "I wish some day to make a route, and from the summit let fall a drop of water, and this is where my route will have gone".[36]
- direct start
- A new variation of an existing rock climbing route that avoids detours taken before the main line is reached due to their greater difficulty (e.g. Suprême Jumbo Love as a direct start to Jumbo Love).
- dirtbag
- A climber who lives modestly and often itinerantly, to maximize the amount of time climbing. Practitioners included Jan and Herb Conn and Fred Beckey (from the film: Dirtbag: The Legend of Fred Beckey).[37]
- double ropes
In lead climbing where two thinner ropes are used instead of a single rope to manage rope drag. Compare twin ropes.[29]
- downclimb
- To descend by climbing downward (rather than by abseiling or lowering off), after completing a climb, or bailing.
- drag
Friction from the rope running over the rock and through the lower protection. See slack and double ropes.[38][39][40]
- drilled baby angle
-
A type of anchor used in soft rock instead of bolts that uses a "baby angle" (piton) hammered into a drilled hole, which some think is better in soft rock than bolts that can crack the rock.[41][42]
- drive-by
- A deadpoint where one arm crosses over the other to reach a hold that is above and to the side.
- drop knee
An advanced rock-climbing technique where the knee is dropped downwards to twist the hips—and the centre of gravity—closer to the rock face, thus increasing the amount of upward reach and torque available to the climber; the unique stresses on the knee can lead to serious injuries.[1][11]
- dry-tooling
- Using ice climbing tools such as crampons and ice axes, on bare rock. See Mixed climbing.
- Dry Tooling Style
Type of dry-tooling with additional restrictions and particularly a prohibition on yaniro moves.
- Dülfersitz
- A classical non-mechanical abseiling technique where the fixed rope is wrapped around the body.
- dynamic rope
- An elastic climbing rope that softens falls to some extent and absorbs the energy of heavy loads. Compare static rope.[29]
- dyno
- In rock climbing, a dynamic jump or leap to grab an out-of-reach hold; failure to grab the hold will usually result in a fall. See also paddling and campusing.[1][2][43]
E
- E-grade
- Part of the British adjectival grading system that is used to rank the level of risk (a separate grade is given for technical difficulty) of traditional climbing routes, and which goes E1, E2, E3, ... to E11 (an additional metric is used for technical difficulty).[4]
- edging
- Using the edge of a climbing shoe on a narrow foothold; in the absence of footholds, smearing is used.
- Egyptian
- See Drop knee.[1][11]
- Egyptian bridging
- The same position as bridging or chimneying, but with one leg in front and one behind the body.
- eight-thousander
- A mountain whose elevation exceeds 8,000 meters (26,247 ft) a.s.l, of which there are only 14 in the world.
- eliminate
- 1. A bouldering move, or series of moves, where certain holds are placed "off bounds".[2]
- 2. A British climbing term for a route that does not take the most obvious or direct line, and instead 'eliminates' the use of other features to create its line (e.g. not allowing the climber to use a nearby crack in making their ascent).[2]
- Elvis legs
- See sewing-machine leg.[2]
- enchainment
- A mountaineering term to describe linking-up several individual climbs to create a larger undertaking.
- energy absorber
-
A piece of protection equipment used in via ferrata climbing to absorb the energy of the arrest of any fall. See lanyard.
- epic
- An otherwise ordinary climb that turned into a major struggle.
- ERNEST
- An acronym for Equalised, Redundant, No Extension, Strong, and Timely, in building anchors. See SERENE.
- etrier
- A short ladder made of webbing that is used for aid climbing.[2][44]
- European death knot
- A flat overhand used to join a pair of ropes for retrievable abseils; considered dubious in America.
- expedition style
- Using teams of support people (e.g. support climbers, sherpas, and/or equipment porters, etc.), and equipment (e.g. fixed rope, base camps, etc.) in helping the lead climbers reach the eventual summit; opposite of alpine style.
- exposure
- The level of empty space below or around a climber who is not in a secure position.[2]
F
- face climbing
- Any climbing on vertical rock using finger holds, edges, and smears, as opposed to crack climbing.[1]
- fall factor
- Ratio of the height (h) a climber falls to the rope length (l) available to absorb the energy of a fall.[1][2]
- false peak
A peak that appears to be the pinnacle of the mountain but upon reaching, it turns out the summit is higher (and further ahead).
- figure-four
-
An advanced climbing technique in which the climber hooks a leg over the opposite arm (which needs to be in a good handhold), and then pushes down with this leg to achieve a greater vertical reach; more common in mixed climbing.[2]
- figure-nine
A variation of the figure-four move where the "same-side" leg is used instead of the "opposite" leg.[2]
- figure eight
- A belay device or descender that is shaped like the number eight.[2][12]
- figure-eight knot
-
A knot commonly used to tie in a climber's harness to the climbing rope.
- finger jam
A type of jam using the fingers in a crack.[1]
- finger board
- Training equipment used to build finger strength. See also hangboard.[2]
- first ascent
The first successful ascent of a new route by any means, including aid climbing (i.e. not via free climbing).
- first free ascent
The first ascent of a new route without aid, following the free climbing criteria of a redpoint.
- first female free ascent
The first female to complete a free ascent of a route that has already had an FFA.
- fist jam
- A type of jam using the hand.
- fixed rope
- A rope that hangs from a fixed attachment point; commonly used for abseiling (going down) or for jumaring (going up).
- flagging
- A rock-climbing technique where a leg is held in a position to maintain balance, rather than to support weight, often to prevent a barn-door.[2] There are three types of flagging:[12][11]
- normal flag
- Flagging foot stays on the same side (e.g. flagging right foot to the right side of the body).[12][11]
- reverse inside-flag
- Flagging foot is crossed in front of the foot that is on a foothold.[12][11]
- reverse outside-flag
- Flagging foot is crossed behind the foot that is on a foothold.[12][11]
- flake
- A thin slab of rock detached from the main face offering a hold, although it may become detached.[2]
- flash
- To ascend a route on the first attempt, but having obtained beta; with no beta, it is an on-sight.[1][2][45][3]
- font
The French grade system for bouldering, which goes: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 6C, 7A, 7B, 7C, .... , to 9A; with the American V-grade system, is the most common worldwide boulder-grading system. Font grades are often confused with French grades.[6]
- foot jam
A technique of jamming the foot into a large crack by twisting so that the heel and toes touch the sides.
- flapper
- The tearing of skin and flesh due to friction with sharp or rough surfaces.
- fourteener
- A mountain summit that exceeds 14,000 feet (4,300 m), particularly one in the contiguous United States.
- freeBASE
- Free solo climbing but with a BASE jumping parachute as a backup in the event of a fall.
- free climbing
- Climbing without artificial aids other than for protection; can be done as sport climbing or traditional climbing.[2]
- free solo climbing
Climbing without any type of aid or any form of climbing protection.
- French free climbing
- The use of very basic aid climbing techniques (i.e. A0-graded aid techniques such as pulling on climbing protection) to bypass a short section that is not easily climbable, particularly used in big wall climbing.[46]
- French grade
The French grade system for sport climbing, which goes: 5a, 5b, 5c, 6a, 6b, 6c, 7a, 7b, 7c, .... , to 9c; with the American YDS system, is the most common sport climbing grading system. French grades are often confused with font grades.[6]
- French start
- Moving off for the second hold without being established on the start holds, thus using the floor as a foothold. In most competition climbing, including IFSC events, starting a climb in this manner invalidates the attempt.[47]
- frenchies
- An exercise used to develop lock-off strength consisting of pull-ups that stop with the elbows locked at angles between 20 and 160 degrees.
- friable
- Delicate and easily broken rock, or ice, often dangerously so.
- friction climbing
- A rock-climbing technique relying solely on the friction between the sloped rock and the sole of the shoe.
- Friend
- The name of Wild Country's spring-loaded camming device (SLCD) protection, and a generic name for SLCDs.[2]
- front pointing
- An ice climbing technique that uses the frontmost-spikes of the crampons to ascend iced routes.
- fruit boot
- Type of lightweight shoe used in mixed climbing and ice climbing that have in-built crampons.
G
- gaiters
- Mountaineering clothing equipment that is worn over the boots and lower leg to give added protection and waterproofing.
- Gaston
- A climbing grip using one hand with the thumb down and elbow out, like a reverse side pull. The grip maintains friction against a hold by pressing outward toward the elbow. Named for Gaston Rébuffat.[1][2][11]
- gate flutter
- The unwelcome action of the gate on a carabiner opening during a fall.
- gendarme
- A rock-pinnacle or isolated rock-tower encountered along a ridge; often at the intersection of ridges.
- Geneva rappel
- A modified Dulfersitz rappel using the hip and downhill arm for friction — less complex, but less friction and control.
- GiGi
- A belay plate device for belaying a second from above that has auto-blocking; made by Kong. See also Sticht plate.
- glissade
- A voluntary act of sliding down a steep slope of snow using an ice axe for control.
- grade
- Classifications intended as an objective measure of the technical difficulty of a climbing route (including rock, ice, bouldering, mixed, and aid). The most widely used lead climbing} grading systems are the French sport climbing grades, and the American Yosemite Decimal System; for bouldering, it is the font grade and the V-grade systems.[2][6]
- grade milestone
- The first free ascent (FFA) by a lead climber of a new climbing route that sets a new grade level (e.g. the first-ever 9b (5.15b) grade milestone was Chris Sharma's FFA of Jumbo Love in 2008).
- greenpoint
Ascending a sport climbing route but only using traditional climbing protection (e.g. Principle Hope). See redpoint.[48]
- Grigri
- A belay device invented and manufactured by Petzl; also used in rope solo climbing.[2]
- gronked
- Accidentally going off-route leading into a harder route; from the notorious climb Gronk in Avon Gorge.
- ground fall
Where a lead climber falls and hits the ground, either because their protection failed (e.g. zipper fall), the runout was too great, or the belayer failed to arrest or hold the rope.[2]
H
- half ropes
- See double ropes.[29]
- hand jam
- A type of jam using the hand in a crack.[1]
- hand traverse
- Traversing without any definitive footholds, i.e. no edging, smearing or heelhooking.
- hangboard
-
A training device to increase the climber's arm and finger strength. See campus board.[49]
- hangdog
To hang on the rope, or a piece of protection, after falling, and then start reclimbing without returning to the ground.[50]
- hanging belay
- Where the belay station of the belayer is suspended from the ground and tied to the wall via a fixed anchor point; used in big wall climbing and multi-pitch climbing.
- heel spurs
- Type of crampon attachment to the back of the heel used in mixed climbing to perform a heel hook.[51] Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=GiGi_(climbing)
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