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| Golden Globe Awards | |
|---|---|
| Current: 81st Golden Globe Awards | |
 The Golden Globe Award trophy | |
| Awarded for | Excellence in film and television |
| Country | United States |
| Presented by |
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| First awarded | January 20, 1944 |
| Website | goldenglobes |
| Television/radio coverage | |
| Network |
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The Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed for excellence in both American and international film and television. It is an annual award ceremony held since 1944 to honor artists and professionals and their work. The ceremony is normally held every January, and has been a major part of the film industry's awards season, which culminates each year in the Academy Awards. The eligibility period for Golden Globes corresponds to the calendar year (from January 1 through December 31).
The Golden Globes were founded by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA), an organization representing international journalists who reported on the American entertainment industry. Revenue from the ceremony was used by the HFPA to fund entertainment-related charities and scholarships, such as the Young Artist Awards.
The HFPA had a history of criticism from the movie industry since the 1950s for the small size of its voting membership compared to the Academy Awards and other such accolades, the group's celebrity fawning, and their voting tactics.[1][2][3] In 2021, these issues culminated with boycotts of the Golden Globes over the lack of racial diversity in its member body. These resulted in a series of reforms to the HFPA, intended to improve its accountability and widen its voting membership. In June 2022, the HFPA approved a reorganization of the Golden Globes into a for-profit venture owned by Eldridge Industries. This was finalized in June 2023, with the ceremony's assets being acquired by the Eldridge-owned Dick Clark Productions (which has produced the Golden Globes telecast since 1993), and the Golden Globe Foundation being established to continue the HFPA's philanthropic activities.[4][5]
History
The Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) was founded in 1943 as the Hollywood Foreign Correspondent Association (HFCA) by Los Angeles–based foreign journalists seeking to develop a better-organized process of gathering and distributing cinema news to non-U.S. markets.[6][7][8][9] One of the organization's first major endeavors was to establish a ceremony similar to the Academy Awards to honor film achievements. The 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, were held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at various venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel and the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel.
Foreign Press Association of Hollywood's Henrietta Awards
In 1950, some of the journalists in the HFCA broke away to form the Foreign Press Association of Hollywood (FPAH). It was the FPAH that instituted the Henrietta Award for World Film Favorite, which was subsequently given out by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, the new name for the organization when the FPAH and HFCA merged in 1955, minus the "Henrietta" name through 1980 (for the 1979 movie year).[6]
The FPAH held its first World Film Favorite Festival on January 27, 1951, giving out Henrietta Awards in various categories. The award, an angel above a globe raised on four tall pillars, was named for the president of the FPAH, Henry Gris. Winners of the Henrietta for World Film Favorite were Gregory Peck and Jane Wyman. At the FPAH's second World Film Favorite Festival held January 26, 1952, the Henrietta was a large statuette of a naked woman holding a flower. Based on an international poll of 900 newspapers, magazines and radio stations, Alan Ladd and Esther Williams were presented the gold Henrietta for World Favorites. while silver Henriettas for "Best Young Box Office Personality" were presented to Leslie Caron, Tony Curtis, John Derek, Mitzi Gaynor, Marilyn Monroe and Patrice Wymore. At the third festival held on February 14, 1953, John Wayne and Susan Hayward won the gold Henriettas.[6]
The HFCA continued to hold their Golden Globe Awards. In 1950, the HFCA had established a special honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as an international figure within the entertainment industry, the first award was presented to director and producer Cecil B. DeMille. The official name of the award thus became the Cecil B. DeMille Award.[10]
In January 1954, the two organizations held a joint ceremony, and the following year, they merged under the new Hollywood Foreign Press Association name. The Henrietta Award was terminated, but the HFPA instituted a special award called World Film Favorite, a Golden Globe surmounted by an angel. Similar to the Henrietta Award for World Film Favorite, the winner of the new HFPA Golden Globe was determined by a worldwide poll conducted by Reuters. This award, sometimes referred to as The Henrietta Award, was given out through 1980 for the 1979, movie year, when it was terminated.[6]
Roger Moore and Jane Fonda were the last two recipients of the World Film Favorite Award.
Post-merger
The 13th Golden Globe Awards held in February 1956 saw the first Golden Globe in Television Achievement. The first three permanent television award categories, Best TV Series, Best TV Actor, and Best TV Actress, then made their debuts during the 19th Golden Globe Awards held in March 1962.
Beginning in 1963, the trophies commenced to be handed out by one or more persons referred to as "Miss Golden Globe", a title renamed on January 5, 2018, to "Golden Globe Ambassador". The holders of the position were, traditionally, the daughters or sometimes the sons of a celebrity, and as a point of pride, these often continued to be contested among celebrity parents.[11]
In 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned (but not for the first time in its history). The New York firm Society Awards collaborated for a year with the HFPA to produce a statuette that included a unique marble and enhanced the statuette's quality and gold content. It was unveiled at a press conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show.[12]
The Carol Burnett Award was created as a television counterpart to the Cecil B. DeMille Award, named after its first recipient in 2019, actress and comedian Carol Burnett.[13]
Revenues from award broadcast
Revenues generated from the annual ceremony have enabled the HFPA to donate millions of dollars to entertainment-related charities, as well as funding scholarships and other programs for future film and television professionals. The most prominent beneficiary is the Young Artist Awards, presented annually by the Young Artist Foundation, established in 1978 by Hollywood Foreign Press member Maureen Dragone, to recognize and award excellence of young Hollywood performers under the age of 21 and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically or financially challenged.[14][15][16]
2022 boycott, acquisition by Dick Clark Productions
In 2021, the HFPA faced criticism for the lack of Black representation among its members.[17] On May 3, 2021, the HFPA announced plans for a reform package, including a 50% increase in members over the next 18 months, as well as new positions, term limits, and practices to improve its accountability.[18] However, Time's Up and a group of 100 PR firms criticized the lack of given timelines for filling some of the new management positions, arguing that they would not be completed soon enough to have any material impact on the cycle of the upcoming 79th Golden Globe Awards in January 2022. Time's Up further argued that the package "largely contains no specifics" nor "commitments to real accountability or change".[19]
On May 7, 2021, both Amazon Studios and Netflix announced that they would stop their activities with the HFPA until sufficient actions on reforms are made.[20][21] Other media companies followed suit on May 10,[22] including NBC, who announced that it would not televise the 79th Golden Globe Awards, but that it would be open to televising the ceremony in 2023 if the HFPA were successful in its efforts to reform.[23] WarnerMedia also boycotted the HFPA,[22] while Tom Cruise returned the awards he had won for Born on the Fourth of July, Jerry Maguire and Magnolia in solidarity.[24]
Following these events, the HFPA released a timeline for its reforms, which would see the process completed by the week of August 2.[25] On October 1, the HFPA released a list of 21 new members that it had recruited under these reforms, and named Todd Boehly (owner of ceremony producer Dick Clark Productions) as its "interim CEO".[26][27] The HFPA then announced on October 15 that it still planned to hold the 79th Golden Globe Awards on January 9, 2022, with or without another media partner.[28] With the televised absence of the Golden Globe Awards from NBC, the Critics Choice Association attempted to shift their Critics' Choice Movie Awards ceremony up a week in order to fill the void and increase their overall prestige, though it was later delayed due to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.[29][30] The 79th ceremony was conducted as a non-televised, private presentation, with limited guests (particularly beneficiaries of the HFPA's philanthropic activities) and strict COVID-19 protocol due to Omicron variant.[31]
In July 2022, the HFPA approved a major restructuring, under which Boehly would establish a for-profit entity via his holding company Eldridge Industries (owner of Dick Clark Productions—which has produced the Golden Globes' telecast since 1993,[32] as well as the entertainment trade publication The Hollywood Reporter)[33] that will hold the Golden Globe Awards' intellectual property and oversee the "professionalization and modernization" of the ceremony, including " the size and diversity of the available voters for the annual awards". The HFPA's philanthropic activities were to continue separately as a non-profit entity.[34][35] NBC subsequently agreed to a one-year contract to air the 80th Golden Globe Awards on January 10, 2023,[36] which were moved to a Tuesday evening to avoid conflicting with the National Football League (whose regular season was recently extended into January) and the College Football Playoff National Championship (which was being hosted at SoFi Stadium in Inglewood).[37]
On June 12, 2023, the HFPA was wound down, and all Golden Globe Awards assets and intellectual property were acquired by DCP (whose ownership includes Penske Media Corporation, owner of fellow entertainment publications Deadline Hollywood and Variety) and Eldridge; the financial details of the purchase were not disclosed. The HFPA's philanthropic activities will be transitioned to a new non-profit known as the Golden Globe Foundation.[4][5][38]
Rules
Eligibility
The qualifying eligibility period for all nominations is the calendar year from January 1 through December 31.[39]
Voice-over performances and cameo appearances in which persons play themselves are not eligible from all film and TV acting categories.
Films must be at least 70 minutes and released for at least a seven-day run in the Greater Los Angeles area, starting prior to midnight on December 31. Films can be released in theaters, on pay-per-view, or by digital delivery.[39]
For the Best Foreign Language Film category, films do not need to be released in the United States. At least 51 percent of the dialogue must be in a language other than English, and they must first be released in their country of origin during a 14-month period from November 1 to December 31 prior to the Awards. However, if a film was not released in its country of origin due to censorship, it can still qualify if it had a one-week release in the United States during the qualifying calendar year. There is no limit to the number of submitted films from a given country.[39]
A TV program must air in the United States between the prime time hours of 8 p.m. and 11 p.m. (or 7 p.m. and 11 p.m. on Sundays). A show can air on broadcast television, on basic or premium cable, or by digital delivery; it does not qualify if it is only on pay-per-view or via digital delivery of film. Also, a TV show must either be made in the United States or be a co-production financially and creatively between an American and a foreign production company. Furthermore, reality and non-scripted shows are disqualified.[39]
A film cannot be entered in both the film and TV categories, and instead should be entered based on its original release format. If it was first aired on American television, then it can be entered into the TV categories. If it was released in theaters or on pay-per-view, then it should instead be entered into the film categories. A film festival showing does not count towards disqualifying what would otherwise be a TV program.[39]
Actors in a TV series must appear in at least six episodes during the qualifying calendar year. Actors in a TV film or miniseries must appear in at least five percent of the time in that TV film or miniseries.[39]
Nominations and voting
Entry forms for films need to be received within ten days of the official screening. TV programs should be submitted "as early as possible" before the deadline.[39] For TV programs, they must merely be available to be seen by voters in any common format, including the original TV broadcast.
As of the 2023 ceremony, the HFPA removed a requirement that an exclusive press conference be hosted by the organization for each nominated film—a practice that had contributed to transparency issues.[40]
Ballots to select the nominations are sent to voters in November, along with a "Reminder List" of eligible film and TV programs.[41] Each HFPA member then votes for their top five choices in each category, numbering them 5 to 1, with 5 being their top choice. The nominees in each category are then the five selections that receive the most votes. The ranked voting is only used to break ties, with number 5 worth 5 points, number 4 worth 4 points, and so on.[39]
After the nominations are announced in mid-December, voters receive the final ballots.[41] The winner in each category is selected from among the nominees by plurality voting. In case of a tie, the winner is the one that had the most votes on the nomination ballot.[39]
As of the 2024 ceremony, the voting body consisted of 310 individuals, including representatives of 76 countries, international journalists, and 95 members that were members of the HFPA.[42][43]
Ceremony
The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, broadcast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars and the Grammy Awards. Since 2010, it was televised live in all United States time zones. Until Ricky Gervais hosted in 2010, the award ceremony was one of two major Hollywood award ceremonies (the other being the Screen Actors Guild Awards) that did not have a regular host; every year a different presenter introduced the ceremony at the beginning of the broadcast. Gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years.[44] Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2013 through 2015. The Golden Globe Awards' theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi.[citation needed]
2008 disruption
Due to threats of writers picketing the event as part of the ongoing Writers Guild of America strike, the 65th Golden Globe Awards ceremony was cancelled and replaced by an hour-long press conference to announce the winners. While NBC, who normally airs the ceremony, was initially intended to be the exclusive broadcaster of the press conference, the network faced conflicts with the HFPA and Dick Clark Productions over the plan. The HFPA subsequently announced that it would not restrict coverage of the press conference by other broadcasters.[45]
E! (several years before the NBCUniversal merger) and TV Guide Network (who were typically known for red carpet coverage from major awards shows) both aired coverage of the press conference, as well as CNN.[46][47] NBC declined to air the conference itself; the ceremony timeslot was filled by a Dateline NBC preview special, an hour-long results special hosted by Access Hollywood's Billy Bush and Nancy O'Dell, and an Access Hollywood post-show also hosted by Bush and O'Dell.[48][49][50]
Broadcasting
The HFPA has had a lucrative contract with NBC,[51] which began broadcasting the award ceremony locally in Los Angeles in 1958, then nationally in 1964. However, in 1968, the Federal Communications Commission claimed the show "misled the public as to how the winners were determined" (allegations included that winners were determined by lobby; to motivate winners to show up to the awards ceremony winners were informed if they did not attend another winner would be named). The FCC admonished NBC for participating in the scandal. Subsequently, NBC refused to broadcast the ceremony from 1968 until after 1974.[52][53]
Since 1993, Dick Clark Productions (DCP) had produced the ceremony with NBC as a broadcaster; DCP's involvement came at a time of instability for the Golden Globes, including reduced credibility and having lost its contract with CBS (the interim period saw it contract with cable network TBS to air the ceremony).[32] Enthusiastic over Clark's commitment, the HFPA's contract contained an unusual provision granting Dick Clark Productions the role of producer in perpetuity, as long as it continued to maintain broadcast rights with NBC.[54]
In 2010, Dick Clark Productions reached an extension with NBC through 2018. However, the deal was negotiated without the HFPA's knowledge. The HFPA sued DCP over the deal, as well as claims that the company was attempting to sell digital rights that it did not hold; the HFPA had wanted a new contract that would grant them a larger share of revenue from the telecast.[54]
In April 2012, judge Howard Matz upheld the NBC perpetuity clause and ruled in favor of DCP, noting that the HFPA had a history of "unbusinesslike display of misplaced priorities" and " to bouts of pronounced turmoil and personal feuds", in contrast to DCP, which had been "represented by one experienced executive who was adept at dealing fairly and effectively with the often amateurish conduct of HFPA." Matz pointed out examples of the HFPA's enthusiasm over the relationship and their desire to "not get cancelled", such as having disregarded its own bylaws by approving an extension in 2001 without a formal vote. The case was taken to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.[54]
In 2014, Dick Clark Productions and the HFPA reached a settlement; details were not released, but DCP committed to continue its role as producer through at least the end of its current contract with NBC, and to work with the HFPA to "expand the brand with unique and exciting entertainment experiences". NBC held a right of first refusal to renew its contract beyond 2018, but bidding was to be open to other broadcasters;[55][56] in September 2018, NBC agreed to renew its rights to the Golden Globes through 2027, maintaining the current broadcast arrangement and the involvement of Dick Clark Productions.[57][58]
In 2019 and 2020, NBC televised the late Sunday afternoon National Football League (NFL) playoff game (which had historically gone to another NFL broadcaster) as a lead-in to the Golden Globes. Because of the large viewership of NFL playoff games, this was intended to boost the Golden Globes' TV ratings, which dropped 11% between 2017 and 2018.[59] If the game ever went long, NBC planned to still air the Golden Globes in its entirety on a broadcast delay.[60] The 2021 ceremony was then postponed to February 28 due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema and on television, avoiding the NFL season altogether.[61]
Per the aforementioned 2022 boycott, NBC declined to air the 2022 ceremony,[23] then signed a one-year deal to televise the 2023 ceremony, moving it to a Tuesday evening to avoid conflicting with its coverage of the NFL.[37] CBS then signed a new deal to air the 2024 ceremony, allowing the ceremony to move back to Sunday nights since CBS only airs NFL afternoon games.[62] In March 2024, CBS announced that it had signed a five-year deal to broadcast the Golden Globes.[63]
Categories
Motion picture awards
- Best Motion Picture – Drama: since 1943 (separated genre in 1951)
- Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy: since 1951
- Best Motion Picture – Foreign Language: since 1948
- Best Motion Picture – Animated: since 2006
- Best Cinematic and Box Office Achievement – Motion Picture: since 2024
- Best Director – Motion Picture: since 1943
- Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama: since 1943 (separated genre in 1951)
- Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy: since 1951
- Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama: since 1943 (separated genre in 1951)
- Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy: since 1951
- Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture: since 1943
- Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture: since 1943
- Best Screenplay – Motion Picture: since 1947
- Best Score – Motion Picture: since 1947
- Best Song – Motion Picture: since 1961
- Cecil B. DeMille Award for Lifetime Achievement in Motion Pictures: since 1951
Television awards
- Best Television Series – Drama: since 1961
- Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy: since 1961
- Best Miniseries or Motion Picture – Television: since 1971
- Best Actor in a Television Series – Drama: since 1961
- Best Actor in a Television Series – Musical or Comedy: since 1961
- Best Actor in a Miniseries or Motion Picture – Television: since 1981
- Best Actress in a Television Series – Drama: since 1961
- Best Actress in a Television Series – Musical or Comedy: since 1961
- Best Actress in a Miniseries or Motion Picture – Television: since 1981
- Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television: since 1970
- Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television: since 1970
- Best Stand-Up Comedy Performance – Television: since 2024
- Carol Burnett Award for Lifetime Achievement in Television: since 2018
Retired awards
- Best Documentary • Awarded from 1972 to 1976
- Best English-Language Foreign Motion Picture • Awarded from 1957 to 1973
- New Star of the Year – Actor • Awarded from 1948 to 1983
- New Star of the Year – Actress • Awarded from 1948 to 1983
- Henrietta Award (World Film Favorite – Female) • Awarded from 1950 to 1979[64]
- Henrietta Award (World Film Favorite – Male) • Awarded from 1950 to 1979
- Promoting International Understanding • Awarded from 1945 to 1964[65]
- Best Cinematography – Motion Picture • Awarded from 1948 to 1953, in 1955 and in 1963
- Special Award – Juvenile Performance • Awarded in 1948, 1949, 1953 and 1959[66]
Superlatives
 | This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2024) |
Acting
In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive wins with eight, followed by Alan Alda, Angela Lansbury, Shirley MacLaine, Jack Nicholson and Nicole Kidman who have six awards each. Behind them are Ed Asner, Carol Burnett, Laura Dern, Jessica Lange, Rosalind Russell, and Kate Winslet with five.
At the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred: a three-way tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama (Jodie Foster for The Accused, Shirley MacLaine for Madame Sousatzka, and Sigourney Weaver for Gorillas in the Mist).
Directing
In the category for Best Director, Elia Kazan leads with four wins, followed by Clint Eastwood, Miloš Forman, David Lean, Martin Scorsese, Steven Spielberg, and Oliver Stone with three wins each. Spielberg holds the record for most nominations with twelve. Francis Ford Coppola, Eastwood, and Steven Soderbergh are the only directors to receive two nominations in the same year. Barbra Streisand is the first woman to have won the award.
Most awards
Barbra Streisand holds the record for most Golden Globes earned by an individual with ten awards, including with both competitive and honorary categories, followed by Tom Hanks, and Meryl Streep with nine awards each. Hanks winning as an actor and producer; all Streep wins were for acting; while Streisand prevails as an actress (3 times), composer, director, producer, as well as the non-competitive Henrietta Award (3 times). In addition, all three of them also received an honorary Cecil B. DeMille Award.
Most nominations
Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with 33.[67] Composer John Williams is second with 27.
Otheredit
- Two Acting Wins in Same Year
- Only four people have won two acting awards in the same year:
- Sigourney Weaver (1989)
- Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama, Gorillas in the Mist
- Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture, Working Girl
- Joan Plowright (1993)
- Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture Film, Enchanted April
- Best Supporting Actress in a Series, Miniseries or TV Film, Stalin
- Helen Mirren (2007)
- Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama, The Queen
- Best Actress in a Miniseries or Television Film, Elizabeth I
- Kate Winslet (2009)
- Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama, Revolutionary Road
- Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture, The Reader
- Most awards won by a single film
- One film has won seven Golden Globe Awards.
- La La Land (2016)
- Two films have won six Golden Globe Awards.
- One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)
- Midnight Express (1978)
- Ten films have won five Golden Globe Awards.
- All the King's Men (1949)
- Lawrence of Arabia (1962)
- Doctor Zhivago (1965)
- The Graduate (1967)
- Love Story (1970)
- The Godfather (1972)
- A Star Is Born (1976)
- Ordinary People (1980)
- Gandhi (1982)
- Oppenheimer (2023)
- One film has won seven Golden Globe Awards.
- Most nominations received by a single film
- Highest Sweep (Winning every nominated category)
- La La Land won all seven Golden Globes that it was nominated for.
- One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest won all six of its nominations.
- Both A Star Is Born and Gandhi won all five that they were respectively nominated for.
- Most nominations without winning an award
- Motion Picture: Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, Bonnie and Clyde, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, Dog Day Afternoon, Foul Play, Ragtime and The Godfather Part III, all with seven nominations.
- Television: Will & Grace with 30 nominations.
- Oldest person to win an award
- Ennio Morricone winning Best Original Score for The Hateful Eight (87 years old).
- Youngest person to win an award
- Ricky Schroder winning New Star of the Year – Actor for The Champ (9 years old).