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The Joint Surveillance System (JSS) is a joint United States Air Force and Federal Aviation Administration system for the atmospheric air defense of North America. It replaced the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system in 1983.
Overview
The JSS consists of long range surveillance radars, primarily operated and maintained by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), but providing communication and radar data to both FAA and United States Air Force control centers.
Air Route Surveillance Radar
FAA equipment is primarily a mixture of Long Range Air Route Surveillance Radars (ARSR) of various types, although some use legacy AN/FPS radars. They are co-located with UHF ground-air-ground (G/A/G) transmitter/receiver (GATR) facilities at many locations. Fourteen sites have VHF radios as well. The GATR facility provides radio access to fighters and Airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) aircraft from the Sector Operations Control Centers. The JSS has been enhanced under the FAA/Air Force Radar Replacement Program with 44 ARSR-4/FPS-130 radars to replace some of the many previous long-range radars. This provides common, high-performance, unattended radars. The ARSR-4/FPS-130 is a 3-D long range radar with an effective detection range of some 250 miles and has been fully integrated with JSS at all joint use sites.
These radars are generally unattended except for periodic FAA maintenance crews which visit the sites as necessary. Hence, the 117 was also known as "minimally attended radar" (MAR).
Sector Operations Control Centers
The USAF Air Combat Command portion of the JSS is composed of three Continental United States (CONUS) Sector Operations Control Centers (SOCC) equipped with Battle Control System-Fixed (BCS-F) displays. Three of the SOCCs are located in the Continental United States (CONUS) at the following locations:
- Rome, New York 43°13′00″N 075°24′21″W / 43.21667°N 75.40583°W (Eastern Air Defense Sector)
- Tyndall AFB, Florida 30°04′30″N 085°35′39″W / 30.07500°N 85.59417°W (Air Operations Center for AFNORTH)
- McChord Field, Washington 47°07′18″N 122°30′14″W / 47.12167°N 122.50389°W (Western Air Defense Sector)
A SOCC is located in Alaska at Elmendorf AFB, in Hawaii at Wheeler Field and two in Canada at CFB North Bay, Ontario. The mission of the SOCC network is peacetime air sovereignty and surveillance. Wartime functions are available if necessary. The SOCCs accept data from multiple sensors, automatically process this data and display data for detection, tracking and identification of air targets, and the assignment and direction of interceptor aircraft to ensure peacetime air sovereignty.
Each SOCC functions as the primary command and control center in each NORAD region during crisis or attack as long as they are capable.
CONUS SOCCs receive data from 46 JSS radar sites. Radar sites of the Alaska Radar System feeds data to Elmendorf AFB, Alaska and two radar sites supply data for the SOCC at Hickam Field, Hawaii. Radars from the North Warning System network in Canada feed data to two Canadian SOCCs located at CFB North Bay, Ontario.
Command and control can be transitioned to the E-3A Airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) for survivability as the tactical situation warrants. In peacetime, six of these aircraft are assigned to co-operate with the JSS. ROCC information is also passed to the North American Air Defense Command (NORAD) Combat Operations Center (COC) in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
Radar stations
- see also: Alaska Radar System and Hawaii Region Air Operations Center
 |
| Site Number | NORAD-ID | Name | State | Radar Type | Location | USAF Sector | FAA Sector | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QPC | Haleyville | AL | AN/FPS-67B | 34°24′56″N 087°32′23″W / 34.41556°N 87.53972°W | EADS | ASO Southern | Radar developed by Raytheon for SAGE system.[1] | |
| MGM | Montgomery | AL | ARSR-1D | 32°12′42″N 086°10′06″W / 32.21167°N 86.16833°W | EADS | ASO Southern | In rural area, 13.2 miles (21.2 km) southeast of Montgomery. | |
| QXR | Z-237 | Russellville | AR | AN/FPS-64A | 35°24′10″N 092°59′39″W / 35.40278°N 92.99417°W | WADS | ASW Southwest | Former ADCOM SAGE radar site, still uses the FPS-64A. |
| TXK | Texarkana | AR | AN/FPS-67B | 33°21′35″N 093°55′22″W / 33.35972°N 93.92278°W | WADS | ASW Southwest | Replaced ADCOM SAGE Texarkana AFS M-91 site | |
| PHX | Z-247 | Humboldt Mountain, Phoenix ARSR | AZ | ARSR-1E | 33°58′53″N 111°47′53″W / 33.98139°N 111.79806°W | AWP WESTERN PACIFIC | Opened 1958 at Forest Ranger Lookout site. | |
| J-29A | Ajo | AZ | ARSR-4 | 32°25′52″N 112°56′42″W / 32.43111°N 112.94500°W | WADS | ASW Southwest | Opened 2000 at former ADCOM Ajo AFS site, replaced J-29 near Phoenix | |
| QXP | Seligman | AZ | ARSR-3 | 35°21′10″N 112°56′59″W / 35.35278°N 112.94972°W | WADS | AWP Western Pacific | Remote site on top of mountain peak. | |
| J-83 | Z-33 | Crescent City | CA | 41°33′33″N 124°05′10″W / 41.55917°N 124.08611°W | AWP Western Pacific | Former ADCOM Klamath AFS, Closed 1995, replaced by J-83A | ||
| J-83A | Rainbow Ridge | CA | ARSR-4 | 40°23′39″N 124°09′58″W / 40.39417°N 124.16611°W | WADS | AWP Western Pacific | Replaced J-83 and J-34. Remote site on top of mountain peak. | |
| J-34 | Z-37 | Point Arena | CA | 38°53′35″N 123°32′40″W / 38.89306°N 123.54444°W | AWP Western Pacific | Former ADCOM SAGE Point Arena AFS, closed 1995. Replaced by J-83A | ||
| QMV | Z-38 | Mill Valley | CA | ARSR-4 | 37°55′26″N 122°35′51″W / 37.92389°N 122.59750°W | WADS | AWP Western Pacific | Former ADCOM SAGE Mill Valley AFS, inactivated 1980. Now FAA site. |
| J-32 | Z-236 | Paso Robles | CA | ARSR-4 | 35°23′41″N 120°21′15″W / 35.39472°N 120.35417°W | WADS | AWP Western Pacific | FAA site since 1960. Former USAF SAGE site Z-236, replacing Cambria AFS, Became JSS site in 1980 |
| J-31 | Z-39 | San Pedro | CA | 33°44′46″N 118°20′10″W / 33.74611°N 118.33611°W | AWP Western Pacific | Former ADCOM San Pedro Hill AFS inactivated 1995. JSS site closed, replaced by Navy ARSR-4 site J-36A on San Clemente Island. | ||
| J-36A | San Clemente Island (USN) | CA | ARSR-4 | 32°53′03″N 118°27′03″W / 32.88417°N 118.45083°W | WADS | AWP Western Pacific | New site established in late 1990s located on very remote location. | |
| J-30 | Z-76 | Mount Laguna | CA | ARSR-4 | 32°52′34″N 116°24′54″W / 32.87611°N 116.41500°W | WADS | AWP Western Pacific | Replaced ADCOM Mount Laguna AFS inactivated 1991. Second ARSR-4 installation |
| J-35 | Vandenberg AFB | CA | ARSR-4 | 34°35′13″N 120°35′41″W / 34.58694°N 120.59472°W | WADS | USAF JSS site (not used by the FAA) | ||
| DNV | Z-212 | Denver | CO | ARSR-1D | 39°35′39″N 104°41′35″W / 39.59417°N 104.69306°W | WADS | ANM Northwest Mountain | Opened in 1963 by FAA, was data tied-into the ADCOM SAGE network. |
| GJC | Z-215 | Grand Junction | CO | ARSR-2 | 39°38′19″N 108°45′45″W / 39.63861°N 108.76250°W | WADS | ANM Northwest Mountain | Opened in 1963 by FAA, was data tied-into the ADCOM SAGE network. |
| TCO | Z-222 | Trinidad | CO | ARSR-2 | 37°32′49″N 104°00′50″W / 37.54694°N 104.01389°W | WADS | ANM Northwest Mountain | Opened in 1963 by FAA, was data tied-into the ADCOM SAGE network. |
| J-04 | Z-327 | Whitehouse NOLF | FL | ARSR-4 | 30°20′45″N 081°52′25″W / 30.34583°N 81.87361°W | EADS | ASO Southern | Replaced ADCOM M-114 SAGE site at NAS Jacksonville inactivated 1981. |
| J-05 | Z-211 | Patrick AFB | FL | 28°12′50″N 080°35′57″W / 28.21389°N 80.59917°W | ASO Southern | Former ADCOM SAGE site, inactivated 1988. Used until 1996 by FAA. | ||
| J-05A | Melbourne | FL | ARSR-4 | 28°05′03″N 080°47′53″W / 28.08417°N 80.79806°W | WADS | ASO Southern | Replaced J-05 with new ARSR-4 installation. | |
| J-06 | Z-210 | Richmond | FL | ARSR-1F | 25°37′24″N 080°24′16″W / 25.62333°N 80.40444°W | ASO Southern | Former ADCOM Richmond AFS, closed 1992, destroyed by Hurricane Andrew | |
| J-06A | Tamiami | FL | ARSR-4 | 25°38′50″N 080°30′19″W / 25.64722°N 80.50528°W | EADS | ASO Southern | Replaced destroyed J-06 by FAA at new location with ARSR-4 radar. | |
| J-07 | Z-209 | NAS Key West | FL | ARSR-4 | 24°35′04″N 081°41′21″W / 24.58444°N 81.68917°W | EADS | ASO Southern | ADCOM SAGE site closed 1979, now joint-use Navy/FAA radar |
| J-09 | Z-330 | Fort Lonesome | FL | 27°38′44″N 082°07′58″W / 27.64556°N 82.13278°W | ASO Southern | Opened in 1980 replacing ADCOM SAGE site M-129 at MacDill AFB. Closed 1998 | ||
| J-09A | Fort Green | FL | ARSR-4 | 27°42′02″N 082°00′25″W / 27.70056°N 82.00694°W | EADS | ASO Southern | In agricultural area 32.9 miles (52.9 km) east-southeast of Tampa. | |
| J-10 | Z-333 | Cross City | FL | ARSR-4 | 29°44′38″N 083°00′03″W / 29.74389°N 83.00083°W | EADS | ASO Southern | New site opened in 1980 replaced ADCOM SAGE Cross City AFS TM-200. |
| J-11 | Z-198 | Tyndall AFB | FL | ARSR-4 | 30°04′33″N 085°36′39″W / 30.07583°N 85.61083°W | EADS | ASO Southern | Opened in 1983, replaced ADCOM TM-198 site on the base. |
| QHN | Ashburn | GA | ARSR-1E | 31°41′45″N 083°45′01″W / 31.69583°N 83.75028°W | EADS | ASO Southern | In rural location, 25.2 miles (40.6 km) east-northeast of Albany, GA | |
| QNK | Lincolnton | GA | ARSR-3 | 33°45′35″N 082°28′01″W / 33.75972°N 82.46694°W | EADS | ASO Southern | Replaced ADCOM SAGE site at Aiken AFS, South Carolina (SM-159) | |
| QJO | Arlington | IA | ARSR-3 | 42°46′06″N 091°36′55″W / 42.76833°N 91.61528°W | WADS | ACE Central | In rural location, 41.7 miles (67.1 km) east-northeast of Waterloo, IA | |
| QVA | Ashton | ID | ARSR-2 | 44°33′45″N 111°26′41″W / 44.56250°N 111.44472°W | WADS | ANM Northwest Mountain | Opened 1963. On Sawtell Peak 2.3 miles (3.7 km) south-southwest of Yellowstone National Park Airport, ID[2] | |
| BOI | Z-223 | Boise | ID | ARSR-2 | 44°26′33″N 116°08′13″W / 44.44250°N 116.13694°W | WADS | ANM Northwest Mountain | Opened in 1963 by FAA. Located atop Snowbank Mountain. Began feeding information into the ADCOM SAGE network in 1963. |
| JOL | Elwood | IL | ARSR-3 | 41°25′22″N 088°03′30″W / 41.42278°N 88.05833°W | EADS | AGL Great Lakes | In rural location, 7.2 miles (11.6 km) south of Joilet, IL | |
| Z-63 | Hanna City | IL | ARSR | 40°41′56″N 089°49′33″W / 40.69889°N 89.82583°W | EADS | AGL Great Lakes | FAA site since 1969, former Hanna City AFS[3] | |
| IND | Indianapolis | IN | ARSR-1E | 39°44′46″N 086°17′05″W / 39.74611°N 86.28472°W | EADS | AGL Great Lakes | In urban area, 2.3 miles (3.7 km) north of Indianapolis International Airport; 7102 Howard St, Indianapolis, IN 46241 | |
| QTZ | La Grange | IN | ARSR-1E | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Joint_Surveillance_System