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There are 64 state parks, nine state recreation areas, nine state waysides, and 23 state trails in the Minnesota state park system, totaling approximately 267,000 acres (1,080 km2).[1][2] A Minnesota state park is an area of land in the U.S. state of Minnesota preserved by the state for its natural, historic, or other resources. Each was created by an act of the Minnesota Legislature and is maintained by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. The Minnesota Historical Society operates sites within some of them. The park system began in 1891 with Itasca State Park when a state law was adopted to "maintain intact, forever, a limited quantity of the domain of this commonwealth...in a state of nature."[3] Minnesota's state park system is the second oldest in the United States, after New York's.[4]: 2
Minnesota's state parks are spread across the state in such a way that there is a state park within 50 miles (80 km) of every Minnesotan.[5] The most recent park created is Lake Vermilion State Park, created in 2010. The parks range in size from Franz Jevne State Park with 118 acres (48 ha) to Saint Croix State Park with 34,037 acres (13,774 ha). Two parks include resources listed as National Natural Landmarks (Big Bog State Recreation Area and Itasca State Park) and six parks encompass National Historic Landmarks (Charles A. Lindbergh, Fort Snelling, Mille Lacs Kathio, St. Croix, Soudan Underground Mine, and Split Rock Lighthouse State Parks). 52 sites or districts across 34 Minnesota state parks are on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), including 22 parks with developments constructed by New Deal-era job creation programs in the 1930s.[6]
History
Minnesota's first attempt to create a state park came in 1885, when a 173-acre (70 ha) park was authorized to preserve Minnehaha Falls. The effort was delayed by legal appeals from the various landowners of the desired parkland, and by the time those were settled in favor of the state in 1889, Minnesota no longer had the money to purchase the land. Instead the city of Minneapolis fronted the cash. Owned and operated by Minneapolis, Minnehaha State Park was ultimately absorbed as a city park.[4]: 3
Minnesota tried again in 1891, authorizing a state park around Lake Itasca both for its recreational opportunities and to protect the source of the Mississippi River. Interstate Park on the St. Croix River was created in 1895. Other sites were added over the next two decades, but with an inconsistent vision. Modest tracts of scenic land were acquired in Minneopa and Jay Cooke State Parks, but much effort was also expended on creating historical monuments relating to the Dakota War of 1862 and the Great Hinckley Fire. Moreover, most of the sites were being administered by the state auditor, who had many other duties. Itasca State Park, meanwhile, was being administered as a state forest. In 1923, state auditor Ray P. Chase excoriated this situation, calling for wiser selection of park lands and a dedicated commissioner. Chase's comments had an impact, and two years later the Department of Conservation was created to manage the state's natural resources, including the state parks. Originally part of the forestry division, the state parks received their own division in 1935 to take advantage of federal programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC).[4]: 82 [7] In 1971, the department became the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.[8]
The state parks were closed for almost three weeks in July 2011 due to a shutdown of the state government.
State parks and recreation areas
| Park name | County or Counties | Size[9] | Year Established[4] | Water Body(s) | Coordinates | Remarks | Image | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acres | ha | |||||||
| Afton State Park | Washington | 1,600 | 650 | 1969 | St. Croix River | 44°51′45″N 92°47′01″W / 44.8624675°N 92.7835367°W | Lies on a glacial moraine with deep ravines that drop 300 feet (91 m) down to the St. Croix River.[10] | 
|
| Banning State Park | Pine | 5,597 | 2,265 | 1963 | Kettle River | 46°10′15″N 92°50′39″W / 46.1707812°N 92.8440889°W | Contains 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of whitewater rapids and the remains of a historic quarry operation.[11] | 
|
| Bear Head Lake State Park | St. Louis | 3,013 | 1,219 | 1961 | Bear Head Lake | 47°47′47″N 92°04′37″W / 47.7963051°N 92.0768231°W | Provides road access and modern camping facilities in an environment similar to the nearby Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness.[12] | 
|
| Beaver Creek Valley State Park | Houston | 715 | 289 | 1937 | East Beaver Creek | 43°38′34″N 91°34′55″W / 43.6427458°N 91.5818101°W | Showcases the rugged topography of the Driftless Area in a narrow valley carved by a trout stream.[13] | 
|
| Big Bog State Recreation Area | Beltrami | 9,170 | 3,710 | 2000[9] | Red Lake, Tamarac River | 48°10′22″N 94°30′43″W / 48.172761°N 94.512033°W | Encompasses part of the largest peatland in the Lower 48 states (a National Natural Landmark) and a prime walleye fishery.[14] | 
|
| Big Stone Lake State Park | Big Stone | 980 | 400 | 1961 | Big Stone Lake | 45°22′57″N 96°30′47″W / 45.3824644°N 96.5131148°W | Protects two sections of shoreline on Big Stone Lake, the source of the Minnesota River.[15] | 
|
| Blue Mounds State Park | Rock | 1,567 | 634 | 1937 | Mound Creek | 43°42′25″N 96°11′13″W / 43.7069134°N 96.1869728°W | Protects an escarpment of Sioux Quartzite and Minnesota's only public bison herd.[16] A district of WPA structures is on the NRHP.[17] | 
|
| Buffalo River State Park | Clay | 1,068 | 432 | 1937 | Buffalo River | 46°51′56″N 96°28′04″W / 46.8655165°N 96.4678474°W | Preserves part of one of the state's largest and best tallgrass prairies.[18] A district of WPA structures is on the NRHP.[19] | 
|
| Camden State Park | Lyon | 1,855 | 751 | 1935 | Redwood River | 44°21′45″N 95°55′30″W / 44.362462°N 95.9250247°W | Preserves a forested river valley in the midst of prairie and farm country.[20] A district of VCC and WPA structures is on the NRHP.[21] | 
|
| Carley State Park | Wabasha | 209 | 85 | 1949 | Whitewater River | 44°07′00″N 92°10′34″W / 44.1166318°N 92.1760002°W | Donated by State Senator James A. Carley to protect a stand of white pines. Used as an overflow campground for nearby Whitewater State Park.[22] | 
|
| Cascade River State Park | Cook | 2,867 | 1,160 | 1957 | Lake Superior and Cascade River | 47°42′35″N 90°31′20″W / 47.7097222°N 90.5222222°W | Stretches along 10.5 miles (16.9 km) of Lake Superior coastline in land rehabilitated after construction of Minnesota State Highway 61.[23] A WPA highway wayside is on the NRHP.[6] | .JPG)
|
| Charles A. Lindbergh State Park | Morrison | 417 | 169 | 1931 | Mississippi River | 45°57′32″N 94°23′43″W / 45.9588545°N 94.3952813°W | Contains the restored home of Congressman Charles August Lindbergh and his son Charles Lindbergh, the famous aviator.[24] The house is a National Historic Landmark, and a district of WPA structures is on the NRHP.[25] | 
|
| Crow Wing State Park | Crow Wing, Cass, and Morrison | 2,335 | 945 | 1959 | Mississippi and Crow Wing Rivers | 46°16′20″N 94°20′00″W / 46.2722222°N 94.3333333°W | Interprets the site of Old Crow Wing, an important town and trading center in the mid-19th century. The town site and a section of the Red River Trails are both on the NRHP.[6][26] | 
|
| Cuyuna Country State Recreation Area | Crow Wing | 6,850 | 2,770 | 1993 | Chain of small lakes and streams, filled pit mines | 46°29′22″N 93°58′39″W / 46.489550°N 93.977500°W | In development as the land is rehabilitated from open-pit iron mining. Includes Portsmouth Mine Pit Lake, the state's deepest lake.[27] | 
|
| Father Hennepin State Park | Mille Lacs | 275 | 111 | 1941 | Mille Lacs Lake | 46°08′41″N 93°29′17″W / 46.1446779°N 93.4880157°W | Provides lakeside recreation in the region visited by Father Louis Hennepin during a French expedition in 1680.[28] | 
|
| Flandrau State Park | Brown | 840 | 340 | 1937 | Cottonwood River | 44°17′18″N 94°28′25″W / 44.2882956°N 94.4735837°W | Created to provide water recreation near New Ulm.[29] Entire park is a district of CCC and WPA structures on the NRHP.[30] | 
|
| Forestville/Mystery Cave State Park | Fillmore | 3,163 | 1,280 | 1963 | South Branch Root River and tributaries | 43°37′32″N 92°14′51″W / 43.6255204°N 92.247388°W | Encompasses the historic townsite of Forestville, the state's longest explored cave, and three blue-ribbon trout streams.[31] | 
|
| Fort Ridgely State Park | Nicollet and Renville | 537 | 217 | 1911 | Fort Ridgely Creek | 44°27′09″N 94°43′51″W / 44.4524621°N 94.7308199°W | Surrounds Fort Ridgely, site of the Battle of Fort Ridgely during the Dakota War of 1862. The fort and a large district of CCC structures are both on the NRHP.[32][33] | 
|
| Fort Snelling State Park | Ramsey, Hennepin, and Dakota | 1,825 | 739 | 1961 | Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers | 44°53′09″N 93°10′41″W / 44.8857988°N 93.1779985°W | Contains historic Fort Snelling, built in 1819, and floodplain forest in the heart of Minneapolis – Saint Paul. The fort is a National Historic Landmark and the entire park is part of the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area.[34] | 
|
| Franz Jevne State Park | Koochiching | 118 | 48 | 1967 | Rainy River | 48°38′32″N 94°04′49″W / 48.642240°N 94.080410°W | Features scenic property on the Canada–United States border, donated by the sons of Franz Jevne, a lawyer, on the condition that the park be named after their father.[35] | 
|
| Frontenac State Park | Goodhue | 2,226 | 901 | 1957 | Lake Pepin on Mississippi River | 44°30′27″N 92°19′35″W / 44.5074677°N 92.3262914°W | Attracts 260 species of year-round and migrant birds with its variety of habitats. Includes a natural arch atop a 430-foot (130 m) bluff.[36] | 
|
| Garden Island State Recreation Area | Lake of the Woods | 715 | 289 | 1998[9] | Lake of the Woods | 49°10′31″N 94°50′05″W / 49.175335°N 94.834671°W | Comprises a nearly undeveloped island, 15 mi (24 km) from the closest mainland marinas, that once bore Native American gardens.[37] | |
| George H. Crosby Manitou State Park | Lake | 6,200 | 2,500 | 1955 | Manitou River | 47°30′22″N 91°06′33″W / 47.506018°N 91.109045°W | Contains undeveloped North Woods wilderness geared towards backpackers.[38] | 
|
| Glacial Lakes State Park | Pope | 1,857 | 752 | 1963 | Several kettle lakes | 45°32′15″N 95°31′19″W / 45.537461°N 95.521983°W | Preserves rolling tallgrass prairie amidst the glacial landforms of the Leaf Hills Moraines.[39] | 
|
| Glendalough State Park | Otter Tail | 1,924 | 779 | 1991[9] | Six kettle lakes | 46°20′00″N 95°40′00″W / 46.3333333°N 95.6666667°W | Developed from the former private retreat and game farm of the owners of the Star Tribune newspaper, with a heritage fishery of large game fish.[40] | 
|
| Gooseberry Falls State Park | Lake | 1,741 | 705 | 1937 | Lake Superior, Gooseberry River | 47°08′49″N 91°27′48″W / 47.1468715°N 91.4632289°W | Serves as the gateway to the scenic North Shore. Features five waterfalls, an agate beach, and a large district of CCC structures on the NRHP.[41][42] | 
|
| Grand Portage State Park | Cook | 278 | 113 | 1989 | Pigeon River | 48°00′37″N 89°36′43″W / 48.0101633°N 89.6120317°W | Features a 120-foot (37 m) waterfall, Minnesota's tallest, on the Canada–United States border. Co-managed with the Grand Portage Indian Reservation, the only state – tribal collaboration of a U.S. state park.[43] | 
|
| Great River Bluffs State Park | Winona | 2,122 | 859 | 1963[44] | Mississippi River | 43°56′47″N 91°23′58″W / 43.9463526°N 91.3993094°W | Features 500-foot-high (150 m) bluffs and steep goat prairies. Formerly named O.L. Kipp State Park.[45] | 
|
| Greenleaf Lake State Recreation Area | Meeker | 1,230 | 500 | 2004 | Greenleaf and Sioux Lakes | 45°00′57″N 94°28′00″W / 45.01591°N 94.46671°W | In development and open for limited day-use recreation.[46] | 
|
| Hayes Lake State Park | Roseau | 2,118 | 857 | 1967 | Hayes Lake, North Fork Roseau River | 48°37′24″N 95°30′28″W / 48.623309°N 95.507753°W | Provides fishing and swimming opportunities in an exclusively recreational reservoir free of agricultural runoff or water level fluctuations for irrigation or power generation.[4]: 250 | .jpg)
|
| Interstate State Park | Chisago | 288 | 117 | 1895 | St. Croix River | 45°23′42″N 92°40′11″W / 45.3949622°N 92.6696521°W | Created in conjunction with a state park in Wisconsin to protect a basalt gorge and glacial potholes.[47] Two districts of CCC and WPA structures are on the NRHP.[48] | 
|
| Iron Range Off-Highway Vehicle State Recreation Area | St. Louis | 1,864 | 754 | 2002 | Lake Ore-be-gone | 47°28′57″N 92°26′37″W / 47.48247°N 92.44349°W | Provides 36 miles (58 km) of trails for off highway vehicles.[49] | _Recreation_Area,_Minnesota_(28064197648).jpg)
|
| Itasca State Park | Hubbard, Clearwater, and Becker | 30,553 | 12,364 | 1891 | Lake Itasca | 47°11′51″N 95°12′07″W / 47.1974579°N 95.2019642°W | Minnesota's oldest state park, which preserves the headwaters of the Mississippi River. The entire park and an individual archaeological site are on the NRHP, and a subsection is a National Natural Landmark.[50] | 
|
| Jay Cooke State Park | Carlton | 8,125 | 3,288 | 1915 | Saint Louis River | 46°38′59″N 92°19′51″W / 46.6496646°N 92.330748°W | Showcases a rocky, whitewater-strewn river churning through the North Woods.[51] Three districts of CCC and WPA structures and a long-used portage route are on the NRHP.[52] | 
|
| John A. Latsch State Park | Winona | 409 | 166 | 1925 | Mississippi River | 44°09′43″N 91°49′20″W / 44.1619082°N 91.8220997°W | Features three steep river bluffs.[53] | 
|
| Judge C. R. Magney State Park | Cook | 4,323 | 1,749 | 1957 | Lake Superior, Brule River | 47°51′05″N 90°03′30″W / 47.8512799°N 90.0584299°W | Contains the Devil's Kettle, a large glacial kettle into which half of the Brule River disappears.[54] |  ,[55]
|
| Kilen Woods State Park | Jackson | 202 | 82 | 1945 | Des Moines River | 43°43′36″N 95°03′47″W / 43.7266244°N 95.0630473°W | Preserves a riverside parcel of forested hills on the Coteau des Prairies.[56] | 
|
| La Salle Lake State Recreation Area | Hubbard | 1,000 | 400 | 2011 | Mississippi River, La Salle Lake | 47°20′14″N 95°10′14″W / 47.33719°N 95.17061°W | In development around the second-deepest lake in Minnesota.[57] | 
|
| Lac qui Parle State Park | Lac qui Parle and Chippewa | 897 | 363 | 1959 | Lac qui Parle, Minnesota and Lac qui Parle Rivers | 45°01′14″N 95°53′20″W / 45.0205141°N 95.888921°W | Attracts thousands of migrating waterfowl, earning it the name "Lake that Speaks."[58] A district of WPA buildings is on the NRHP.[59] | 
|
| Lake Bemidji State Park | Beltrami | 1,653 | 669 | 1923 | Lake Bemidji | 47°32′11″N 94°49′22″W / 47.5363413°N 94.8227704°W | Features a recreational lakeshore and a spruce-tamarack bog.[60] A district of CCC and National Youth Administration structures is on the NRHP.[61] | 
|
| Lake Bronson State Park | Kittson | 2,806 | 1,136 | 1937 | Lake Bronson, South Branch Two Rivers | 48°43′29″N 96°36′12″W / 48.7247004°N 96.6033741°W | Features a reservoir created during a drought in the 1930s. A district of WPA structures is on the NRHP.[62] | 
|
| Lake Carlos State Park | Douglas | 1,175 | 476 | 1937 | Lake Carlos | 45°59′12″N 95°19′40″W / 45.9866293°N 95.3278143°W | Preserves diverse habitats from prairie to hardwood forest to tamarack bog in a transition zone.[63] Two districts of WPA structures are on the NRHP.[64] | 
|
| Lake Louise State Park | Mower | 849 | 344 | 1963 | Lake Louise, Upper and Little Iowa Rivers | 43°32′01″N 92°31′32″W / 43.5335762°N 92.5254538°W | Features a reservoir surrounded by oak savanna and patches of hardwood forest. Minnesota's oldest continuous recreation area, formerly a town park since the 1860s.[65] | 
|
| Lake Maria State Park | Wright | 1,475 | 597 | 1963 | Several kettle lakes | 45°18′50″N 93°57′26″W / 45.3138543°N 93.9572003°W | Provides a lightly developed wilderness area near Minneapolis – Saint Paul in a morainal landscape of Big Woods.[66] | 
|
| Lake Shetek State Park | Murray County | 1,109 | 449 | 1937 | Lake Shetek | 44°06′08″N 95°41′24″W / 44.1021838°N 95.6900114°W | Features remnants of pioneer history around the largest lake in southwestern Minnesota.[67] Two districts of WPA structures are on the NRHP.[68] | 
|
| Lake Vermilion Soudan Underground Mine State Park | St. Louis | 2,875 | 1,163[9] | 2010[9] | Lake Vermilion | 47°50′05″N 92°11′53″W / 47.83471°N 92.19812°W | Recently purchased and in development on the fifth-largest lake in Minnesota.[69] | 
|
| Maplewood State Park | Otter Tail | 8,127 | 3,289 | 1963 | Several kettle lakes | 46°32′01″N 95°56′57″W / 46.5335703°N 95.9492193°W | Preserves a forest/prairie transition zone in the Leaf Hills Moraines.[70] A Native American archaeological site is on the NRHP. | 
|
| McCarthy Beach State Park | St. Louis | 1,908 | 772 | 1945 | Sturgeon and Side Lakes | 47°40′22″N 93°01′49″W / 47.6727068°N 93.0301834°W | Features a .5-mile-long (0.80 km) beach on an isthmus between two lakes.[71] | 
|
| Mille Lacs Kathio State Park | Mille Lacs | 9,786 | 3,960 | 1957 | Mille Lacs Lake, Rum River | 46°07′44″N 93°44′26″W / 46.1288485°N 93.7405269°W | Preserves 19 identified archaeological sites dating back 9000 years. The entire park is a National Historic Landmark and four sites are individually listed on the NRHP.[6][72] | 
|
| Minneopa State Park | Blue Earth | 1,617 | 654 | 1905 | Minnesota River, Minneopa Creek | 44°09′44″N 94°06′08″W / 44.1621879°N 94.1021803°W | Showcases the largest waterfall in southern Minnesota. The 1864 Seppman Mill and a district of WPA structures are each on the NRHP.[73] | 
|
| Minnesota Valley State Recreation Area | Hennepin, Dakota, Scott, Carver, Sibley, and Le Sueur | 6,442 | 2,607 | 1969 | Minnesota River | 44°39′43″N 93°42′12″W / 44.661999°N 93.703337°W | Comprises non-contiguous sections interspersed with units of the Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge in the valley formed by Glacial River Warren.[74] | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_Minnesota_state_parks|