A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
| MotoGP World Championship | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Category | Motorcycle racing |
| Region | International |
| Inaugural season | 2002 (originally in 1949 as 500cc) |
| Constructors | Aprilia, Ducati, Honda, KTM, Yamaha |
| Tyre suppliers | Michelin |
| Riders' champion | Francesco Bagnaia |
| Constructors' champion | Ducati |
| Teams' champion | Prima Pramac Racing |
| Official website | motogp.com |
 Current season | |
| Moto2 World Championship | |
| Category | Motorcycle racing |
| Region | International |
| Inaugural season | 2010 (originally in 1949 as 250cc) |
| Constructors | Boscoscuro, Forward, Kalex |
| Tyre suppliers | Pirelli |
| Riders' champion | Pedro Acosta |
| Constructors' champion | Kalex |
| Teams' champion | Red Bull KTM Ajo |
| Official website | motogp.com |
| Current season | |
| Moto3 World Championship | |
| Category | Motorcycle racing |
| Region | International |
| Inaugural season | 2012 (originally in 1949 as 125cc) |
| Constructors | CFMoto, Gas Gas, Honda, Husqvarna, KTM |
| Tyre suppliers | Pirelli |
| Riders' champion | Jaume Masià |
| Constructors' champion | KTM |
| Teams' champion | Liqui Moly Husqvarna Intact GP |
| Official website | motogp.com |
| Current season | |
| MotoE World Championship | |
| Category | Motorcycle racing |
| Region | Europe |
| Inaugural season | 2023 (originally in 2019 as World Cup) |
| Constructors | Ducati |
| Tyre suppliers | Michelin |
| Riders' champion | Mattia Casadei |
| Teams' champion | HP Pons Los40 |
| Official website | motogp.com |
| Current season | |
| Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme Grand Prix motorcycle racing |
|---|
| Current season summary |
| Related |
| Lists |
Grand Prix motorcycle racing is the highest class of motorcycle road racing events held on road circuits sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM). Independent motorcycle racing events have been held since the start of the twentieth century[1] and large national events were often given the title Grand Prix.[2] The foundation of the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme as the international governing body for motorcycle sport in 1949 provided the opportunity to coordinate rules and regulations in order that selected events could count towards official World Championships. It is the oldest established motorsport world championship.[3]
Grand Prix motorcycles are purpose-built racing machines that are unavailable for purchase by the general public and unable to be ridden legally on public roads. This contrasts with the various production-based categories of racing, such as the Superbike World Championship and the Isle of Man TT Races that feature modified versions of road-going motorcycles available to the public. The current top division is known as MotoGP since 2002, when the four-stroke era began. Prior to that, the largest class was 500cc, both of which form a historical continuum as the official World Championship, although all classes have official status.[citation needed]
The championship is currently divided into four classes: the eponymous MotoGP, Moto2, Moto3 and MotoE. The first three classes use four-stroke engines, while the MotoE class uses electric motorcycles.
The most successful rider in Grand Prix history is Giacomo Agostini with 15 titles and 122 race wins. In the top-flight series, Agostini holds the title record with eight, followed by Valentino Rossi with seven and active rider Marc Márquez with six. As of 2023, Rossi holds the record for most top-flight race wins with 89.
History
An FIM Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix was first organized by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme in 1949. The commercial rights are now owned by Dorna Sports, with the FIM remaining as the sport sanctioning body. Teams are represented by the International Road Racing Teams Association (IRTA) and manufacturers by the Motorcycle Sport Manufacturers Association (MSMA). Rules and changes to regulations are decided between the four entities, with Dorna casting a tie-breaking vote. In cases of technical modifications, the MSMA can unilaterally enact or veto changes by unanimous vote among its members.[4] These four entities compose the Grand Prix Commission.
There have traditionally been several races at each event for various classes of motorcycles, based on engine size, and one class for sidecars. Classes for 50cc, 80cc, 125cc, 250cc, 350cc, 500cc, and 750cc solo machines have existed at some time, and 350cc and 500cc sidecars. Up through the 1950s and most of the 1960s, four-stroke engines dominated all classes. In the 1960s, due to advances in engine design and technology, two-stroke engines began to take root in the smaller classes.
In 1969, the FIM—citing high development costs for non-works teams due to rules which allowed a multiplicity of cylinders (meaning smaller pistons, producing higher revs) and a multiplicity of gears (giving narrower power bands, affording higher states of tune)—brought in new rules restricting all classes to six gears and most to two cylinders (four cylinders in the case of the 350cc and 500cc classes). This led to a mass walk-out of the sport by the previously highly successful Honda, Suzuki and Yamaha manufacturer teams, skewing the results tables for the next several years, with MV Agusta effectively the only works team left in the sport until Yamaha (1973) and Suzuki (1974) returned with new two-stroke designs. By this time, two-strokes completely eclipsed the four-strokes in all classes. In 1979, Honda, on its return to GP racing, made an attempt to return the four-stroke to the top class with the NR500, but this project failed, and, in 1983, even Honda was winning with a two-stroke 500.
Previously, the championship featured a 50cc class from 1962 to 1983, later changed to an 80cc class from 1984 to 1989. The class was dropped for the 1990 season, after being dominated primarily by Spanish and Italian makes. It also featured a 350cc class from 1949 to 1982, and a 750cc class from 1977 to 1979. Sidecars were dropped from world championship events in the 1990s (see Sidecar World Championship).
From the mid-1970s through to 2001, the top class of GP racing allowed 500cc displacement with a maximum of four cylinders, regardless of whether the engine was a two-stroke or four-stroke. This is unlike TT Formula or motocross, where two and four strokes had different engine size limits in the same class to provide similar performance. Consequently, all machines were two-strokes, since they produce power with every rotation of the crank, whereas four-stroke engines produce power only every second rotation. Some two- and three-cylinder two-stroke 500s were seen, but though they had a minimum-weight advantage under the rules, typically attained higher corner speed and could qualify well, they lacked the power of the four-cylinder machines.
In 2002, rule changes were introduced to facilitate the phasing out of the 500cc two-strokes. The premier class was rebranded MotoGP, as manufacturers were to choose between running two-stroke engines up to 500cc or four-strokes up to 990cc or less. Manufacturers were also permitted to employ their choice of engine configuration. Despite the increased costs of the new four-stroke engines, they were soon able to dominate their two-stroke rivals. As a result, by 2003 no two-stroke machines remained in the MotoGP field. The 125cc and 250cc classes still consisted exclusively of two-stroke machines.
In 2007, the MotoGP class had its maximum engine displacement capacity reduced to 800cc for a minimum of five years. As a result of the 2008–2009 financial crisis, MotoGP underwent changes in an effort to cut costs. Among them are reducing Friday practice sessions and testing sessions, extending the lifespan of engines, switching to a single tyre manufacturer, and banning qualifying tyres, active suspension, launch control and ceramic composite brakes.[5] For the 2010 season, carbon brake discs were banned.
For the 2012 season, the MotoGP engine capacity was increased again to 1,000cc.[6] It also saw the introduction of Claiming Rule Teams (CRT), which were given more engines per season and larger fuel tanks than factory teams, but were subject to a factory team buying ("claiming") their rival's powertrain for a fixed price.[7] The sport's governing body received applications from sixteen new teams looking to join the MotoGP class.[8] For the 2014 season, the CRT subclass was rebranded Open, as the claiming rule was removed. Also, all entries adopted a standard engine control unit, with factory teams being allowed to run any software, and Open entries using a standard software. For the 2016 season, the Open subclass was dropped, and factory entries switched to a standard engine control unit software.
In 2010, the 250cc two-stroke class was replaced by the new Moto2 600cc four-stroke class.[9] In 2012, the 125cc two-stroke class was replaced by the Moto3 250cc four-stroke class with a weight limit of 65 kg with fuel.[10] For the 2019 season Moto2 introduced the 3-cylinder, 765cc Triumph production engine, while Moto3 and MotoGP still use prototype engines.
Chronology
 |
Pre-MotoGP era
- 1949: Start of the world championship in Grand Prix motorcycle racing for five separate categories, 125cc, 250cc, 350cc, 500cc and sidecars.[1] Harold Daniell won the first ever 500cc Grand Prix race held at the Isle of Man TT.[11]
- 1951: Sidecars reduced in engine capacity from 600cc to 500cc
- 1952: Ken Kavanagh wins the 1952 350cc Ulster Grand Prix to become the first Australian competitor to win a world championship Grand Prix race. Ray Amm wins the 1952 350cc Nations Grand Prix to become the first African competitor to win a world championship Grand Prix race.
- 1957: Gilera, Mondial and Moto Guzzi withdraw at the end of the season citing increasing costs. Bob McIntyre wins the longest ever Grand Prix race of 301.84 miles, held over 8 laps of the Isle of Man.[11]
- 1958: MV Agusta win the constructors' and riders' championships in all four solo classes, a feat the team repeat in 1959 and 1960.[1]
- 1959: Honda enters the Isle of Man TT for the first time.
- 1961: The 1961 Argentine Grand Prix is the first world championship race held outside of Europe. Kunimitsu Takahashi wins the 1961 250cc German Grand Prix to become the first Asian competitor to win a world championship Grand Prix race.
- 1963: The 1963 Japanese Grand Prix is the first world championship race held in Asia.
- 1964: The 1964 United States Grand Prix is the first world championship race held in North America.
- 1966: Honda wins the constructors' championship in all five solo classes. Jim Redman wins Honda's first ever 500cc Grand Prix at Hockenheim, also the first win for a Japanese factory in the premier class.[11]
- 1967: Final year of unrestricted numbers of cylinders and gears. Honda withdraws in protest.
- 1968: Giacomo Agostini (MV Agusta) wins both the 350cc and 500cc titles.
- 1969: Godfrey Nash riding a Norton Manx becomes the last rider to win a 500cc Grand Prix riding a single-cylinder machine.[11]
- 1971: Jack Findlay rides a Suzuki TR500 to the first ever win in the 500cc class for a two-stroke machine.[11]
- 1972: as 1968. The death of Gilberto Parlotti at the Isle of Man TT causes multiple world champion Giacomo Agostini and other riders to boycott the next four events on grounds of safety.
- 1972: Last year of 500cc sidecars.
- 1972: Giacomo Agostini wins his seventh consecutive 500cc championship, all with MV Agusta.
- 1973: Deaths of Jarno Saarinen and Renzo Pasolini at the Italian round at Monza and cancelled.
- 1974: The Suzuki RG 500 is the first square-four in the 500cc class. The constructors' title is won by a Japanese brand and a two-stroke for the first time (Yamaha).
- 1975: Giacomo Agostini (Yamaha) wins the 500cc class, making Yamaha the first non European brand to the riders' championship in the premier class with two stroke engine.
- 1976: Barry Sheene wins the first 500cc championship for Suzuki. After the 1976 Isle of Man TT, the FIM gives in to the riders' boycott and removes the event from the Grand Prix calendar.
- 1977: Formula 750 becomes a world championship for 750cc machines.[12] Barry Sheene wins the 500cc class. The British Grand Prix moves from the Isle of Man to the Silverstone Circuit on the British mainland.
- 1978: Kenny Roberts (Yamaha) wins the 500cc class, the first American to do so.
- 1979: Kenny Roberts leads a rider revolt by threatening to form a race series to compete against the FIM world championship, breaking the FIM hegemony and increased the political clout of Grand Prix racers, which subsequently led to improved safety standards and a new era of professionalism in the sport.[13]
- 1979: Last year of the Formula 750 class.
- 1982: Antonio Cobas develops a stronger and lighter aluminum twin-beam chassis to replace the steel backbone frame used since the 1950s, and by the 1990s, all the major racing teams in Grand Prix competition used the aluminum frame design.[14]
- 1982: Last year of the 350cc class.
- 1983: Freddie Spencer (Honda) wins the 500cc class. Spencer and Kenny Roberts win all 500cc races of the season between them.
- 1984: Michelin introduces radial tyres in GPs.
- 1984: 50cc class replaced by 80cc.
- 1985: Freddie Spencer (Honda) wins both the 250cc and 500cc titles.
- 1987: Push starts are eliminated.
- 1987: Wayne Gardner (Honda) wins the 500cc class, the first Australian to do so.
- 1988: Wayne Rainey wins the first 500cc race using carbon brakes, at the British GP.
- 1989: Last year of the 80cc class.
- 1990: The 500cc class grid switches from five to four bikes per row.
- 1992: Honda introduces the NSR500 with a big bang engine.
- 1993: Shinichi Ito and his fuel-injected NSR500 break the 200 mph (320 km/h) barrier during the German GP on Hockenheimring.
- 1998: the 500cc class switches to unleaded fuel.
- 1998: Mick Doohan wins his fifth consecutive 500cc title, all with Honda.
- 1999: Àlex Crivillé (Honda) wins the 500cc class, the first Spaniard to do so.
- 2000: Kenny Roberts Jr. (Suzuki) wins the 500cc class, he joins his father Kenny Roberts to claim the championship and thus making them the only father and son to have won the 500cc championship.
- 2001: Valentino Rossi wins his first premier class title and becomes the final two-stroke champion in the premium class.
MotoGP era
2000s
- 2002: MotoGP replaces the 500cc class; four-strokes are re-introduced and receive a displacement increase to 990cc. Two-strokes of 500cc capacity remain compliable for independent teams for the transitional period.
- 2003: Ducati makes its Grand Prix debut in the new four-stroke MotoGP class.
- 2003: Daijiro Kato is killed during his home Japanese Grand Prix in the MotoGP class on the Suzuka Circuit when he hits the barrier at 130R just before the final chicane.
- 2003: The last start of a two-stroke bike in MotoGP occurs at the Czech Grand Prix.
- 2004: MotoGP grid switches from four to three bikes per row while the 250cc and 125cc classes remain four bikes per row.
- 2004: Makoto Tamada earns Bridgestone their first MotoGP victory at the Brazilian GP.
- 2005: MotoGP adopts flag-to-flag rule, allowing riders to pit and switch to bikes fitted with wet-weather tyres and continue if rain begins to fall mid-race.
- 2005: Valentino Rossi wins his fifth consecutive MotoGP title.
- 2007: MotoGP engine capacity is restricted to 800cc four-stroke.
- 2007: Ducati wins the riders' championship with Casey Stoner and also the constructors' title, becoming the first European brand to do so in the premier class in 30 years. Stoner won 10 out of 17 races during the season.
- 2008: MotoGP runs its first night race in Qatar.
- 2008: Dunlop drops out of MotoGP.
- 2009: Michelin drops out of MotoGP and Bridgestone becomes the sole tyre provider.[15][16]
- 2009: Kawasaki ran a single bike as Hayate Racing Team after the factory team announced their withdrawal from the series.
- 2009: Valentino Rossi wins his seventh and last MotoGP title at the age of 30.
2010s
- 2010: Moto2 replaces the 250cc class. All engines are built for Moto2 by Honda and are four-stroke 600cc (36.6 cu in) in-line four-cylinder based on the CBR600RR road bike, producing around 140 bhp as of 2015 (125 whp).
- 2010: Moto2 rider Shoya Tomizawa is killed at Misano.
- 2010: For the first time, Spain hosts four Grands Prix in a year.
- 2010: ”Rookie rule” introduced, preventing any newcomer to the MotoGP championship from riding for a factory team, unless said manufacturer lack a satellite team.[17]
- 2010: Kawasaki announces its retirement due to negotiations with Dorna, stating that it will continue racing activities using mass-produced motorcycles as well as supporting general race-oriented consumers.
- 2011: MotoGP rider Marco Simoncelli is killed at Sepang.[18]
- 2011: Suzuki suspend their MotoGP participation at the end of the season.
- 2012: The new Moto3 250cc (15.2 cu in) four-stroke single-cylinder class replaces the 125cc two-stroke class.
- 2012: MotoGP raises the maximum engine capacity to 1,000cc[19] (61 cu in) and introduces claiming rule teams.
- 2012: Aprilia rejoins the MotoGP class as a claiming rule team (CRT).
- 2012: After ending a five-year Honda title drought the previous season, two-time world champion Casey Stoner retires from the sport at the age of 27, being replaced by teenager Marc Márquez at the team.
- 2013: Knockout qualifying format is introduced.[20]
- 2013: The ”rookie rule” introduced for the 2010 season is rescinded.
- 2013: Marc Márquez becomes the first rookie to win the championship in the MotoGP era, and the youngest ever premier class world champion.
- 2014: Removal of the claiming rule teams and introduction of the Open Class category. Marc Márquez dominates the season by winning the first 10 races of the season.
- 2015: Suzuki returns to MotoGP as a constructor after a four-year hiatus.
- 2015: Aprilia returns with a full factory team, run by Gresini Racing.
- 2015: Yamaha's Jorge Lorenzo comes from seven points adrift to defeat team colleague Valentino Rossi to win his third and final MotoGP title by five points. This was after Rossi received a heavy grid penalty for the final round after having been adjudged to taking Marc Márquez out at the penultimate round.
- 2016: Michelin returns as tyre supplier after Bridgestone's withdrawal.
- 2016: Luis Salom is killed during Moto2 practice at the Catalan Grand Prix after a high-speed impact with his own stricken bike.
- 2017: KTM joins the premier class with a factory-supported team for the first time.
- 2018: For the first time in MotoGP, certain satellite teams like Pramac Ducati and LCR Honda gain access to up-to-date factory bikes.
- 2019: Triumph Motorcycles replace Honda as sole Moto2 engine supplier. The new engines are 765cc (46.7 cu in) triples based on the Street Triple RS 765.
- 2019: Both Moto2 and Moto3 adopt the qualifying format used by MotoGP.
- 2019: The MotoE class is introduced using electric motorcycles (introduced as a ”World Cup”).
- 2019: A new penalty named the ”Long Lap” penalty[21] is introduced for riders exceeding track limits during races and is also used as a penalty for moderate reckless riding.
- 2019: Marc Márquez wins his sixth MotoGP title at the age of 26, becoming the youngest rider and the first non-Italian rider to do so.
- 2019: Seven-time MotoGP champion Valentino Rossi becomes the first rider to contest his 400th Grand Prix at the age of 40.
2020s
- 2020: The first half of the season is postponed or cancelled as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
- 2020: Brad Binder and Miguel Oliveira become the first riders to win a premier class Grand Prix for their respective nations; South Africa and Portugal. They also achieved the first wins for KTM and Tech3 in the MotoGP class.
- 2020: Joan Mir wins the World Championship and its the first time for Suzuki since 2000.
- 2021: Moto3 rider Jason Dupasquier is killed after an accident during the second qualifying session at the Italian Grand Prix on the Mugello Circuit.
- 2021: Valentino Rossi, who confirmed his retirement before the Austrian round, was the last rider to have competed in the 500cc class to participate in a MotoGP race.
- 2021: Fabio Quartararo became the 2021 World Champion, becoming the first French rider to win a premier class championship.
- 2022: Suzuki suspended their MotoGP participation at the end of the season.
- 2022: Francesco Bagnaia became the 2022 World Champion, becoming the first Italian rider to win a premier class championship since Valentino Rossi in 2009.
- 2023: MotoGP visited 17 different countries with India as a new addition to the calendar.[22]
- 2023: Sprint races were introduced at all Grands Prix in the MotoGP class.
- 2023: MotoE class gained World Championship status.
- 2023: At the 2023 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix, Brad Binder reached 366.1 km/h on his KTM RC16, the new top speed record in the premier class.
- 2024: Pirelli became the official tyre supplier for Moto2 and Moto3 classes.
- 2024: MotoGP is bought by Liberty Media, owner of Formula One.[23][24]
Event format
The starting grid is composed of three columns and contains approximately 20 riders. Grid positions are decided in descending order of qualifying speed, with the fastest on the pole or first position. Races last approximately 45 minutes, each race is a sprint from start to finish without pitting for fuel or tires.
In 2005, a flag-to-flag rule for MotoGP was introduced. Previously, if a race started dry and rain fell, officials could red-flag (stop) the race and either restart or resume on 'wet' tyres. Now, when rain falls, a white flag is shown, indicating that riders can pit to swap the motorcycle on which they started the race for an identical one, as long as the tyres are different (that is, intermediates or wets instead of slicks).[25] Besides different tyres, the wet-weather bikes have steel brake rotors and different brake pads instead of the carbon discs and pads used on the 'dry' bikes. This is because the carbon brakes need to be very hot to function properly, and the water cools them too much. The suspension is also 'softened' up somewhat for the wet weather.
When a rider crashes, track marshals up the track from the incident wave yellow flags, prohibiting overtaking in that area; one corner farther up the track, a stationary yellow flag is shown. If a fallen rider cannot be evacuated safely from the track, the race is red-flagged. Motorcycle crashes are usually one of two types: lowside, when the bike loses either front or rear tire grip and slides out on the "low" side, and the more dangerous highside, when the tires do not completely slide out, but instead grip the track surface, flipping the bike over to the "high side", usually catapulting the rider over the top. Increased use of traction control has made highsides much less frequent.
2023 saw the introduction of 'Sprint' race events; these races take place on the Saturday of the race weekend with the traditional Grand Prix taking place on the Sunday. The 'Sprint' races are shorter - approximately half the length of a Grand Prix. Riders score approximately half the points in these races.[26][27]
| Position | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Points | 25 | 20 | 16 | 13 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Position | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Points | 12 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Riders
Current
| Name | Country | Constructor | Team | No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Francesco Bagnaia |  Italy
|
Ducati | Ducati Lenovo Team | 1 |
| Johann Zarco |  France
|
Honda | Castrol Honda LCR | 5 |
| Luca Marini | Italy
|
Honda | Repsol Honda Team | 10 |
| Maverick Viñales |  Spain
|
Aprilia | Aprilia Racing | 12 |
| Fabio Quartararo | France
|
Yamaha | Monster Energy Yamaha MotoGP Team | 20 |
| Franco Morbidelli | Italy
|
Ducati | Prima Pramac Racing | 21 |
| Enea Bastianini | Italy
|
Ducati | Ducati Lenovo Team | 23 |
| Raúl Fernández | Spain
|
Aprilia | Trackhouse Racing | 25 |
| Takaaki Nakagami |  Japan
|
Honda | Idemitsu Honda LCR | 30 |
| Pedro Acosta | Spain
|
KTM | Red Bull GasGas Tech3 | 31 |
| Brad Binder |  South Africa
|
KTM | Red Bull KTM Factory Racing | 33 |
| Joan Mir | Spain
|
Honda | Repsol Honda Team | 36 |
| Augusto Fernández | Spain
|
KTM | Red Bull GasGas Tech3 | 37 |
| Aleix Espargaró | Spain
|
Aprilia | Aprilia Racing | 41 |
| Álex Rins | Spain
|
Yamaha | Monster Energy Yamaha MotoGP Team | 42 |
| Jack Miller |  Australia
|
KTM | Red Bull KTM Factory Racing | 43 |
| Fabio Di Giannantonio | Italy
|
Ducati | Pertamina Enduro VR46 Racing Team | 49 |
| Marco Bezzecchi | Italy
|
Ducati | Pertamina Enduro VR46 Racing Team | 72 |
| Álex Márquez | Spain
|
Ducati | Gresini Racing MotoGP | 73 |
| Miguel Oliveira |  Portugal
|
Aprilia | Trackhouse Racing | 88 |
| Jorge Martín | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Moto2