Nayak (title)

Nayak, or Naik, or Nayaka is a historic Indian title conferred on military captains and governors of feudal states in the Middle Ages.^[1] Today it is also a surname. Nayaks are mostly Hindu and a few belong to other religions.

As a title

Today, the surname Nayak is used by various castes and ethnic groups across India. Mostly they follow Hinduism.^[2]

In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, other versions of the name such as Naidu exist. Naidu is used as a title by people belonging to Kapu/Balija, Velama, Kamma communities. Here, Naik is adopted as a surname by communities like Bedar.^[3] Some Telugu castes also use a variant like Naicker as title.^[4]^[5]^[6]
In Maharashtra, the surnames Nayak and Naik are used by Maratha, Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu (CKPs), Saraswat Brahmin, and Deshastha Brahmin communities.^[7] Nayak, or Naik is also used as a title by Koli caste in the state. The Maval region was known as Koli country of fifty two valleys in Maratha Empire. Each valley was controlled by a Koli Nayak and the Sirnayak, or head chief, lived at Junnar, and presided over the gotarni, or caste council.^[8]
In Karnataka, it is used by some subcastes of the Vokkaliga, Namadhari Naik communities.^[9]^[10]^[11] The Muslim Siddis of Karnataka, use the surname Nayaka which they received as a title from the kings of Bijapur.^[12]

References

^ https://www.learnsanskrit.cc/translate?search=captain&dir=es
^ Kumar Suresh Singh (2002). People of India: Introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-19-564444-9.
^ Kumar Suresh Singh (1993). Ethnography, Customary Law, and Change. Concept Publishing Company. p. 249. ISBN 978-81-7022-471-6.
^ A. Vijay Kumari (1998). Social Change Among Balijas: Majority Community of Andhra Pradesh. M D Publications. p. 89. ISBN 978-81-7533-072-6.
^ Journal of Indian History - Volume 85. Department of History, University of Kerala. 2006. p. 181. Naidu is a title assumed by a number of Telugu castes such as Balija, Bestha, Boya, Ekari, Gavara, Golla, Kaingi, Kamma, Kapu, Mutracha and Velama. They had migrated from Telugu country during the Vijayanagar rule.
^ Edgar Thurston, ed. (1909). Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume V of VII. Library of Alexandria. ISBN 978-1-4655-8240-9. Naidu.— Naidu or Nāyudu is a title, returned at times of census by many Telugu classes, e.g., Balija, Bestha, Bōya, Ēkari, Gavara, Golla, Kālingi, Kāpu, Mutrācha, and Velama. A Tamilian, when speaking of a Telugu person bearing this title, would call him Naicker or Naickan instead of Naidu
^ Anupama Rao (2009). The Caste Question: Dalits and the Politics of Modern India. University of California Press. p. 315. ISBN 978-0-520-25761-0.
^ Hardiman, David; Hardiman, Professor of History David (1996). Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press. pp. 221: The Koli country was then known as the Bavan Mavals, or '52 valleys' in Maratha Empire. Each valley was controlled by a Koli chief, or nayak. The sirnayak, or head chief, lived at Junnar, and presided over the gotarni, or caste council. ISBN 978-0-19-563956-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
^ "The Mysore Tribes and Castles".
^ L. K. A. Iyer (2005). The Mysore Tribes and Castes. Vol. 3. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. p. 270. Gauda and Naika are the titles affixed to their names , and the common honorific suffixes Appa and Ayya for males and Avva and Akka for females are also in use
^ B. N. Sri Sathyan, ed. (1975). Karnataka State Gazetteer: Shimoga (PDF). Karnataka (India): Director of Print., Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. p. 102. Some Vokkaliga families also have surnames like Nayak and Heggade in this district.
^ Shanti Sadiq Ali (1996). The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times. Orient Blackswan. p. 226. ISBN 978-81-250-0485-1.

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[1] ttps://www.learnsanskrit.cc/translate?search=captain&dir=es

[2] Kumar Suresh Singh (2002). People of India: Introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-19-564444-9.

[3] Kumar Suresh Singh (1993). Ethnography, Customary Law, and Change. Concept Publishing Company. p. 249. ISBN 978-81-7022-471-6.

[4] A. Vijay Kumari (1998). Social Change Among Balijas: Majority Community of Andhra Pradesh. M D Publications. p. 89. ISBN 978-81-7533-072-6.

[5] Journal of Indian History - Volume 85. Department of History, University of Kerala. 2006. p. 181. Naidu is a title assumed by a number of Telugu castes such as Balija, Bestha, Boya, Ekari, Gavara, Golla, Kaingi, Kamma, Kapu, Mutracha and Velama. They had migrated from Telugu country during the Vijayanagar rule.

[6] Edgar Thurston, ed. (1909). Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume V of VII. Library of Alexandria. ISBN 978-1-4655-8240-9. Naidu.— Naidu or Nāyudu is a title, returned at times of census by many Telugu classes, e.g., Balija, Bestha, Bōya, Ēkari, Gavara, Golla, Kālingi, Kāpu, Mutrācha, and Velama. A Tamilian, when speaking of a Telugu person bearing this title, would call him Naicker or Naickan instead of Naidu

[7] Anupama Rao (2009). The Caste Question: Dalits and the Politics of Modern India. University of California Press. p. 315. ISBN 978-0-520-25761-0.

[8] Hardiman, David; Hardiman, Professor of History David (1996). Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press. pp. 221: The Koli country was then known as the Bavan Mavals, or '52 valleys' in Maratha Empire. Each valley was controlled by a Koli chief, or nayak. The sirnayak, or head chief, lived at Junnar, and presided over the gotarni, or caste council. ISBN 978-0-19-563956-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

[9] "The Mysore Tribes and Castles".

[10] L. K. A. Iyer (2005). The Mysore Tribes and Castes. Vol. 3. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. p. 270. Gauda and Naika are the titles affixed to their names , and the common honorific suffixes Appa and Ayya for males and Avva and Akka for females are also in use

[11] B. N. Sri Sathyan, ed. (1975). Karnataka State Gazetteer: Shimoga (PDF). Karnataka (India): Director of Print., Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. p. 102. Some Vokkaliga families also have surnames like Nayak and Heggade in this district.

[12] Shanti Sadiq Ali (1996). The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times. Orient Blackswan. p. 226. ISBN 978-81-250-0485-1.

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As a title

See also

References