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Papyrus 𝔓⁴⁹

New Testament manuscript
recto with text of Eph 4:16-29
Name	Papyrus Yale 415
Text	Epistle to the Ephesians 4–5 †
Date	3rd century
Script	Greek
Found	Egypt
Now at	Yale University Library
Cite	W. H. P. Hatch and C. B. Welles, A Hitherto Unpublished Fragment of the Epistle to the Ephesians, HTR LI (1958), pp. 33-37.
Size	18 x 25
Type	Alexandrian text-type
Category	I

Papyrus 49 (Gregory-Aland), designated by 𝔓⁴⁹, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Epistle to the Ephesians, surviving in a fragmentary condition. The manuscript has been palaeographically assigned to the 3rd century. It was probably a part of the same manuscript as Papyrus 65. It came from Egypt and was purchased for the Yale University Library. Textually it is close to the Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus. The text of the manuscript has been published several times.

The original size of the leaf was 18 centimetres (7.1 in) in height by 25 centimetres (9.8 in) in width.^[1] The leaf is damaged at the top, and six lines of its text have been lost. At the present time the leaf measures 20.3 by 13.3 cm (8.0 by 5.2 in). The lower and outer margins are 3 centimetres (1.2 in); the upper and inner margins were lost.^[2]

The manuscript has survived in a fragmentary condition and contains the texts of Ephesians 4:16-29; 4:31–5:13.^[3][4] According to Kurt Aland, it is one of three early manuscripts with the text of the Epistle to the Ephesians.^[5][6]

The text is written in one column per page of 29 lines, with 38 letters per line (average).^[1] It has no breathings (spiritus asper, spiritus lenis) nor accents. The double point (:) is the only mark of punctuation. The letters are slightly inclined to the right; the writing shows the influence of cursive handwriting.^[2] It was written by a professional scribe.^[1] The nomina sacra are written in an abbreviated way.^[1]

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland ascribed it as "at least Normal text", and placed it in Category I.^[3] Bruce M. Metzger identifies it as Alexandrian text. According to Philip Comfort and David Barrett the manuscript shows a strong agreement with Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus (in 14 out of 16 textual variants).^[7]

According to Comfort, 𝔓⁴⁹ and 𝔓⁶⁵ came from the same manuscript.^[8] Both manuscripts have the same measurements, and the same number of lines per page. Both were written by a documentary hand, both manifest the same formation of certain letters, such as titled lambda, titled sigma, extended iota, and toiled ypsilon. The nomina sacra and abbreviations are written in the same rather unusual way.^[1] Bradford Welles remarks that "there is not a single case of difference in the letter shapes in the two papyri".^[1] Neither use ligatures.^[9] The only difference is in the number of letters per line: 𝔓⁶⁵ has more letters per line (42).^[1] The same situation exists in Papyrus 75. The scribe of 𝔓⁷⁵ appears to have realized that he was running out of room in his codex and added three letters in each line and even added extra lines.^[1] The manuscript may be one of the earliest manuscripts to display a complete Pauline codex, along with Papyrus 13, Papyrus 15/Papyrus 16, Papyrus 30, Papyrus 46, and Papyrus 92.^[1]

Textual variants

In Ephesians 4:23, 𝔓⁴⁹ has the rare textual reading εν τω πνευματι (in spirit) instead of the reading τω πνευματι (spirit). The reading of the codex is supported by Codex Vaticanus, minuscule 33, 1175, 1739, 1881 and several other manuscripts.^[10]

In Ephesians 4:28, it has the unusual textual reading ταις χερσιν το αγαθον, supported only by ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}^{46}}$, second corrector of the Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Vaticanus, Old-Latin a, and vgst. The rest of the manuscripts have the readings: το αγαθον (Porphyrianus, minuscule 6, 33, 1739, 1881); το αγαθον ταις χερσιν (Angelicus, Athous Lavrensis, 323, 326, 614, 630, 945); το αγαθον ταις ιδιαις χερσιν (Codex Mosquensis I, 2495); ταις ιδιαις χερσιν το αγαθον (Codex Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Codex Bezae, Augiensis, Boernerianus, 81, 104, 365, 1175, 1241, 2464, vg^cl).^[10]

In Ephesians 5:4, it has the textual reading και (and), supported by ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}^{46}}$, first corrector of the Codex Sinaiticus (א¹), Codex Vaticanus, second corrector of the Codex Bezae, manuscripts of the Byzantine textual tradition, Peshitta, Coptic manuscripts in Bohairic dialect; the other reading η (or) is supported by Codex Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Bezae, Augiensis, Boernerianus, Porphyrianus, minuscule 81, 104, 326, 365, 1175, 1241, 1739, 2464, Old-Latin manuscripts, syr^h, and Coptic manuscripts in Sahidic dialect.^[11]

In Ephesians 5:5, it has the textual reading ο εστιν (who is), supported by the manuscripts: ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}^{46}}$, Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, Augiensis, Boernerianus, Athous Lavrensis, 33, 365, 1175, 1739, 1881, 2464, Old-Latin, Peshitta, Coptic manuscripts (Sahidic and Bohairic); the other reading ος εστιν (who is) is supported by Codex Alexandrinus, Codex Bezae, and manuscripts of the Byzantine textual tradition.^[11]

In Ephesians 5:9, it has the textual reading φωτος (light), supported by Codex Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Vaticanus, Bezae, Augiensis, Boernerianus, Porphyrianus, minuscule 6, 33, 81, 629, 1175^c, 1739, 1881, 2464, some Old-Latin manuscripts, Peshitta and Coptic manuscripts. The reading πνευματος (spirit) is found in the manuscripts ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}^{46}}$, D², Ψ, majority of the Byzantine manuscripts and syr^h.^[11]

The handwriting of the manuscript displays many third-century features. Comfort dated the manuscript to the middle of the third century.^[7] It is presently assigned to the third century on palaeographic grounds by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research (INTF).^[3][4] It was probably written in Egypt, but it cannot be assigned to any particular locality.^[2]

The manuscript was purchased in Cairo for Yale University in February 1931. Its provenance prior to Cairo is not known.^[7] Currently it is housed at the Yale University Library (P. Yale 415) in New Haven.^[3]

The text of the codex was published by William Hatch and Bradford Welles in 1958 (editio princeps).^[2] Kurt Aland catalogued the manuscript on the list of the New Testament papyri under the number 49.^[12] Susan Stephens gave a new and complete transcription of the codex in 1985.^[7] Comfort and Barrett again gave a new reconstruction in 1999.^[13]

Vittorio Bartoletti (1920–1990) was the first to note that Papyrus 49 and Papyrus 65 were produced by the same scribe.^[14] This conclusion was confirmed by Bradford Welles, Comfort and Barrett, and other palaeographers.^[1] They are still catalogued as separate manuscripts on the INTF's list.^[4][15]

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– ε̣ν̣ αγαπ17 του̣το̣ ο̣υ̣ν λ̣εγω και

μαρτυρομα̣ι εν κ̅ω̅ μη̣κετι υμας πε̣ρ̣ιπ̣ατειν καθ

ως και τα ε̣θνη ·περιπατει εν̣ ματαιοτη̣τ̣ι του

νοος αυτων ¹⁸ εσκοτωμενοι τη ·διανο̣ι̣α οντες

απηλλοτριωμ̣ενοι της ζωης του θ̅υ̅ δ̣ια την αγνοι

αν την̣ ουσαν εν ·αυτοις δια τ̣η̣ν πωρω̣σιν της

καρδιας αυ̣των̣ ¹⁹ οιτινες απηλγηκοτες ε̣αυτους

παρεδω̣καν τη̣ ·α̣σελγια ε̣ις εργα̣σιαν α̣καθαρ

σιας πασης εν πλεον̣ε̣ξ̣ια ²⁰ υμ̣εις δε ο̣υ̣χ̣ ουτως

εμαθετε τον χ̅̅ν̅ ²¹ ει γε α̣υτον ηκ̣ουσατε̣ και εν αυτω

εδιδαχθητε καθως εστιν̣ α̣λ̣η̣θ̣ε̣ι̣α̣ ε̣ν̣ τω ι̣̅̅υ̅ ²² απ̣οθεσθε

υμας κατα την̣ προτεραν αναστροφη̣ν τον̣ παλαιον αν

θρωπον τον φ̣θ̣ε̣ι̣ρομενον κατα τας επ̣ιθυμιας της

απατης ²³ ανανεο̣υσθαι δε εν τω π̅ν̣̅ι̅ του νοος ·υμων

²⁴ και ενδυσασθ̣α̣ι̣ τ̣ον καινον ανθ̣ρωπον̣ τον κατα

θ̅ν̅ κτισθ̣εντ̣α εν δικαιοσυνη̣ τ̣ι̣ της αλη

θειας ²⁵ διο̣ αποθ̣εμενοι το ψευδ̣ος λαλειτ̣αι̣ ·αληθειαν

εκαστος με̣τ̣α του̣ πλησιον αυτ̣ου οτι εσμεν α̣λ̣λ̣η̣λ̣ων

μελη ²⁶ ορ̣γιζ̣ε̣σθαι και μη̣ αμαρ̣τ̣ανετα̣ι ο ηλιος

μη επι̣δυετω επι παρο̣ργι̣σμω ·υμω̣ν̣ ²⁷ μηδε

διδοτε τοπον τω διαβολ̣ω̣ ²⁸ ο κλεπτων μηκετει

κλεπτετω μαλλον δε κο̣πιατω εργ̣αζ̣ομενος

ταις χερσιν̣ το ·αγαθον ινα εχη με̣ταδ̣ιδο̣να̣ι

τω χρειαν̣ ·εχοντι ²⁹ πας λογος σαπρος εκ̣ του στομα

τος υμων

verso (Eph 4:29-5:13)

ρισατο ημιν ¹ γινεσθε̣ ουν μιμηται του θ̅υ̅ ω̣ς̣ τ̣ε̣κνα αγα

πητα ² κα̣ι π̣ε̣ριπατειται εν αγαπη καθως και

ο χ̅ς̅ ηγαπησεν ·ημας και παρεδωκεν εαυτον υπερ

ημων πρ̣οσφοραν̣ κ̣α̣ι θυσιαν τω θ̅ω̅ ε̣ις̣ οσμην ·ευω

διας ³ πορνεια δε κ̣αι ακαθαρσια πασα̣ η ·π̣λ̣εο

νεξεια μη̣δ̣ε ονομ̣αζεσθω εν υμιν̣ κα̣θως πρεπει ·

αγιοις ⁴ και εσ̣χροτης και μ̣ω̣ρολογια η ευτραπελια α

ουκ α̣νηκεν̣ α̣λ̣λ̣α μα̣λ̣λον ευχαριστια ⁵ τουτο γαρ

ειστε γιν̣ωσκ̣οντ̣ες οτι π̣α̣ς πορνος η ακαθαρτος

η πλεονεκτη̣ς̣ ο̣ εστ̣ιν ειδωλο̣λ̣α̣τ̣ρ̣η̣ς̣ ου̣κ εχει

κληρονομεια εν̣ τη βασιλεια του χυ̅ κ̣α̣ι θ̅υ̣̅ ⁶ μηδεις

υμας απ̣ατατ̣ω̣ κεν̣οις ·λογοις δια τ̣α̣υτ̣α̣ γαρ ερχε

τε η̣ οργη του̣ θ̣υ̅ επι τους̣ υ̣ιο̣υς της απισ̣τι̣ας ⁷ μη

ουν γινεσθ̣ε συμμετοχ̣οι ·α̣υ̣των ⁸ ητε γαρ π̣οτε

σκοτος νυν δε φως̣ ε̣ν̣ ·κ̅ω̅ ως̣ τεκ̣να φ̣ωτος πε

ριπατειτ̣ε̣ ⁹ ο γαρ καρπο̣ς̣ τ̣ο̣υ φωτος εν πα̣ση αγα

θοσυνη και δ̣ικαιοσυν̣η κ̣α̣ι̣ αληθεια ¹⁰ δ̣οκιμα

ζοντες τι εστ̣ιν ευα̣ρεστον̣ τω κ̅ω̅ ¹¹ και μη συγ

κοινωνειται το̣ις εργοις τοις α̣καρποις του σ̣κ̣οτους

μαλλον δε κ̣αι̣ ελλεγχετ̣ε ¹² τ̣α κρυφη γινο̣μενα

υπ ·αυτων αισχ̣ρον εστιν και ·λεγειν ¹³ τα̣ δε παν

τα ελλεγχομενα υπο του φωτος φανερουται

• List of New Testament papyri

• W. H. P. Hatch and C. Bradford Welles, A Hitherto Unpublished Fragment of the Epistle to the Ephesians, Harvard Theological Review LI (1958), pp. 33–37.
• Comfort, Philip W.; David P. Barrett (2001). The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts. Wheaton, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers Incorporated. pp. 355–361. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Papyrus 49.

• Image 𝔓⁴⁹ recto
• Image 𝔓⁴⁹ verso