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A recall election (also called a recall referendum, recall petition or representative recall) is a procedure by which, in certain polities, voters can remove an elected official from office through a referendum before that official's term of office has ended. Recalls appear in the constitution in ancient Athenian democracy.^[1] Even where they are legally available, recall elections are only commonly held in a small number of countries including Peru, Ecuador, and Japan.^[2] They are considered by groups such as ACE Electoral Knowledge Network as the most rarely used form of direct democracy.^[3]

Process

The processes for recall elections vary greatly by country and can be originated in different ways.

Initiating a recall

This can be done in two ways:

• Indirect (also known as a "Mixed"^[4] or "Top-down"^[5] recall): A recall may only be triggered by an official authority such as a government, parliament, or president.
• Direct (also known as a "Full"^[4] or "Bottom-up"^[5] recall): A recall may be triggered by the public directly by the collection of signatures.

Costs

The scheduling of a recall outside of normal elections means large additional expenses to run an extra election (or two). For example, the 2021 California Gubernatorial recall election cost taxpayers an additional $300 million^[6] for an election that the governor won 61.9% to 38.1%.^[7]

Turnout

Many recall elections take place in off-years, resulting in much lower voter turnout than regularly-scheduled elections. Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Recall_election
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