Riḍwan

Riḍwān (or Rızvan , Arabic: رضوان), is an angel in Islam, who guards the gates of heaven. His name is absent in the Quran and early tafsir, named by Ibn Hisham Ismāʿīl instead,^[1] he namely appears in later reports and Mi'raj narration.^[2] Ridwan also plays an important role as the guardian of heaven in the Qisas Al-Anbiya, here he must prevent Iblis from entering the keep of Adam, but was tricked by a serpent, who concealed Iblis in his mouth, carrying him past the guardian.^[3] His name probably developed from the Quranic term riḍwan. However, in the Quranic usage, it does not refer to an angel.^[4]

References

^ Raven, W., "Riḍwān", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W. P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 16 October 2019 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_6291> Erste Online-Erscheinung: 2012 Erste Druckedition: ISBN 9789004161214, 1960-2007.
^ Stephen Burge, Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi Akhbar al-malik Routledge 2015 ISBN 978-1-136-50473-0 chapter 6
^ Amira El-Zein. Islam, Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn. Syracuse University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-815-65070-6. Pp. 98-9.
^ Stephen Burge. Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi Akhbar al-malik. Routledge, 2015. ISBN 978-1-136-50473-0.

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[1] Raven, W., "Riḍwān", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W. P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 16 October 2019 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_6291> Erste Online-Erscheinung: 2012 Erste Druckedition: ISBN 9789004161214, 1960-2007.

[2] Stephen Burge, Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi Akhbar al-malik Routledge 2015 ISBN 978-1-136-50473-0 chapter 6

[3] Amira El-Zein. Islam, Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn. Syracuse University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-815-65070-6. Pp. 98-9.

[4] Stephen Burge. Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi Akhbar al-malik. Routledge, 2015. ISBN 978-1-136-50473-0.

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References