Romanization of Greek is the transliteration (letter-mapping) or transcription (sound-mapping) of text from the Greek alphabet into the Latin alphabet.

The conventions for writing and romanizing Ancient Greek and Modern Greek differ markedly. The sound of the English letter B (/b/) was written as β in ancient Greek but is now written as the digraph μπ, while the modern β sounds like the English letter V (/v/) instead. The Greek name Ἰωάννης became Johannes in Latin and then John in English, but in modern Greek has become Γιάννης; this might be written as Yannis, Jani, Ioannis, Yiannis, or Giannis, but not Giannes or Giannēs as it would be for ancient Greek. The word Άγιος might variously appear as Hagiοs, Agios, Aghios, or Ayios, or simply be translated as "Holy" or "Saint" in English forms of Greek placenames.^[1]

Traditional English renderings of Greek names originated from Roman systems established in antiquity. The Roman alphabet itself was a form of the Cumaean alphabet derived from the Euboean script that valued Χ as /ks/ and Η as /h/ and used variant forms of Λ and Σ that became L and S.^[2] When this script was used to write the classical Greek alphabet, ⟨κ⟩ was replaced with ⟨c⟩, ⟨αι⟩ and ⟨οι⟩ became ⟨æ⟩ and ⟨œ⟩, and ⟨ει⟩ and ⟨ου⟩ were simplified to ⟨i⟩ (more rarely—corresponding to an earlier pronunciation—⟨e⟩) and ⟨u⟩. Aspirated consonants like ⟨θ⟩, ⟨φ⟩, initial-⟨ρ⟩, and ⟨χ⟩ simply wrote out the sound: ⟨th⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨rh⟩, and ⟨ch⟩. Because English orthography has changed so much from the original Greek, modern scholarly transliteration now usually renders ⟨κ⟩ as ⟨k⟩ and the diphthongs ⟨αι, οι, ει, ου⟩ as ⟨ai, oi, ei, ou⟩.^[3]

"Greeklish" has also spread within Greece itself, owing to the rapid spread of digital telephony from cultures using the Latin alphabet. Since Greek typefaces and fonts are not always supported or robust, Greek email and chatting has adopted a variety of formats for rendering Greek and Greek shorthand using Latin letters. Examples include "8elo" and "thelw" for θέλω, "3ava" for ξανά, and "yuxi" for ψυχή.

Owing to the difficulties encountered in transliterating and transcribing both ancient and modern Greek into the Latin alphabet, a number of regulatory bodies have been established. The Hellenic Organization for Standardization (ELOT), in cooperation with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), released a system in 1983 which has since been formally adopted by the United Nations, the United Kingdom and United States.

The following tables list several romanization schemes from the Greek alphabet to modern English. Note, however, that the ELOT, UN, and ISO formats for Modern Greek intend themselves as translingual and may be applied in any language using the Latin alphabet.

The American Library Association and Library of Congress romanization scheme employs its "Ancient or Medieval Greek" system for all works and authors up to the Fall of Constantinople in 1453,^[3] although Byzantine Greek was pronounced distinctly and some have considered "Modern" Greek to have begun as early as the 12th century.^[4]

For treatment of polytonic Greek letters—for example, ᾤ—see also the section on romanizing Greek diacritical marks below.

Greek	Classical[citation needed]	ALA-LC[3] (2010)	Beta Code[5]
α	a	a	A
αι	ae	ai	AI
β	b	b	B
γ	g	g	G
	n[n. 1]	n[n. 1]
δ	d	d	D
ε	e	e	E
ει	e or i	ei	EI
ζ	z	z	Z
η	e	ē	H
θ	th	th	Q
ι	i	i	I
κ	c	k	K
λ	l	l	L
μ	m	m	M
ν	n	n	N
ξ	x	x	C
ο	o	o	O
οι	oe	oi	OI
ου	u	ou	OU
	o
π	p	p	P
ρ	rh[n. 2]	rh[n. 2]	R
	r	r
σ	s	s	S / S1
ς			S / S2 / J
τ	t	t	T
υ	y	y	U
	u[n. 3]	u[n. 3]
υι	ui or yi	ui	UI
φ	ph	ph	F
χ	ch	ch	X
ψ	ps	ps	Y
ω	o	ō	W

ELOT approved in 1982 the ELOT 743 standard, revised in 2001,^[6] whose Type 2 (Greek: Τύπος 2, romanized: Typos 2) transcription scheme has been adopted by the Greek and Cypriot governments as standard for romanization of names on Greek and Cypriot passports. It also comprised a Type 1 (Greek: Τύπος 1, romanized: Typos 1) transliteration table, which was extensively modified in the second edition of the standard.

International versions of ELOT 743, with an English language standard document, were approved by the UN (V/19, 1987) and the British and American governments. The ISO approved in 1997 its version, ISO 843, with a different Type 1 transliteration system, which was adopted four years later by ELOT itself, while the U.N. did not update its version. So the transcriptions of Modern Greek into Latin letters used by ELOT, UN and ISO are essentially equivalent, while there remain minor differences in how they approach reversible transliteration.

The American Library Association and Library of Congress romanization scheme employs its "Modern Greek" system for all works and authors following the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.^[3]

In the table below, the special rules for vowel combinations (αι, αυ, ει, ευ, ηυ, οι, ου, ωυ) only apply when these letters function as digraphs. There are also words where the same letters stand side by side incidentally but represent separate vowels. In these cases each of the two letters is transcribed separately according to the normal rules for single letters. Such cases are marked in Greek orthography by either having an accent on the first rather than the second vowel letter, or by having a diaeresis ( ¨ ) over the second letter. For treatment of accents and diaereses—for example, ϊ—also see the section on romanizing Greek diacritical marks below.

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Romanization_of_Medieval_Greek
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Greek	Transcription		Transliteration				Notes
	BGN/PCGN[7] (1962)	ELOT 743 (Type 2 - transcription) (1982; 2001)	UN[8][11] (1987)	ISO[12][7] (1997)	ELOT 743, 2nd ed. (Type 1 - transliteration)[10] (2001)	ALA-LC[3] (2010)
α	a	a	a	a	a	a
αι	e	ai	ai	ai	ai	ai
αυ	av	av	av̱	au	au	au	before vowels or voiced consonants
		af	af				before voiceless consonants and word-finally
β	v	v	v	v	v	v
γ	g	g	g	g	g	g
	y						before front vowels
γγ	ng	ng	ṉg	gg	gg	ng
γκ	g	gk	gk	gk	gk	gk	word-initially
	ng					ng	word-medially
γξ	nx	nx	ṉx	gx	gx	nx
γχ	nkh	nch	ṉch	gch	gch	nch
δ	dh	d	d	d	d	d
	d						in the combination νδρ
ε	e	e	e	e	e	e
ει	i	ei	ei	ei	ei	ei
ευ	ev	ev	ev̱	eu	eu	eu	before vowels or voiced consonants
		ef	ef				before voiceless consonants and word-finally
ζ	z	z	z	z	z	z
η	i	i	i̱	ī	ī / i¯	ē
ηυ	iv	iv	i̱v̱	īu	īu / i¯u	ēu	before vowels or voiced consonants
		if	i̱f̱				before voiceless consonants and word-finally
θ	th	th	th	th	th	th
ι	i	i	i	i	i	i
κ	k	k	k	k	k	k
λ	l	l	l	l	l	l
μ	m	m	m	m	m	m
μπ	b	b	b	mp	mp	b	word-initially
	mp	mb	mp			mp	word-medially
ν	n	n	n	n	n	n