Round the Twist
Created by	Patricia Edgar Esben Storm Paul Jennings
Developed by	Australian Children's Television Foundation
Directed by	Esben Storm Steve Jodrell Mark Lewis Pino Amenta Ray Boseley David Swann Arnie Custo
Opening theme	Round The Twist lyrics and music by Andrew Duffield sung by Tamsin West
Ending theme	Round The Twist lyrics and music by Andrew Duffield sung by Tamsin West
Country of origin	Australia
No. of series	4
No. of episodes	52 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer	Patricia Edgar
Running time	25 minutes
Production company	Australian Children's Television Foundation
Original release
Network	BBC One (1990)[1] Seven Network (1990)[2] ABC (1993–2001)
Release	6 April 1990 (1990-04-06) – 2 May 2001 (2001-05-02)

Round the Twist is an Australian children's comedy drama television series which follows the supernatural adventures of the Twist family, who leave their conventional residence to live in a lighthouse, in the fictional coastal town of Port Niranda.^[3]

The series was created and produced by Patricia Edgar, and developed by the Australian Children's Television Foundation (ACTF)^[4] as a show that both children and parents could watch. Early episodes were based on stories by author Paul Jennings.

History

Patricia Edgar agreed to have Jennings write the series on the condition he would be mentored by and collaborate with the director, actor, and writer Esben Storm.

Edgar previously worked with Storm on the children's show Winners and the TV film series Touch the Sun. The partnership between Edgar, Storm and Jennings was an efficient team for the development of the first series, whose characters and community were set around a lighthouse on a coastline. Storm and Jennings drew from the plots in the latter's existing short stories and created new ideas, sometimes using two stories in an episode to fill out the plots.^[3]

Edgar's instructions, based on research done on Australian children's viewing preferences,^[5] was to balance the stories around a family with three leading child characters. The children (Pete, Linda, and Bronson) were given equal time throughout the episodes' stories.^[5] The rest of the cast were to be gender-balanced. Edgar stressed the importance of jokes and humour and told Storm to push the boundaries, while grounding the series firmly in the emotions and issues of growing children.^[3]

Round the Twist was first produced by Edgar for the Australian Children's Television Foundation (ACTF) in 1989.^[6] The four series of the program won 16 national and international awards, including the Prix Jeunesse, the Banff Rockie Award for Best Children's Program, the Grand Jury Prize, two Gold World Medals in the Youth Category at the New York Festivals, two Australian Film Institute awards for Most Outstanding Children's program, and five Australian Teachers of Media Awards.^[6]

The series was screened in over 70 countries by broadcasters such as Fox Kids (USA), BBC One (UK), Nickelodeon (UK), CBC Television (Canada), France 2 (France), ZDF (Germany), Network 2 (Ireland) and NHK (Japan).^[6]

In 1998, Round the Twist was chosen in the international trade magazine KidScreen's "Dream Block" poll – a "Dream Two-Hour Children's Block" — by the world's leading programmers and distributors of children's television.^[6] Other programs selected for the “Dream Block” included Rugrats and The Simpsons.^[6]

Synopsis

Round the Twist was set around an old lighthouse in the fictional Port Niranda, on the rugged southwest Victorian coast and features the Twist family: fourteen-year-old twins Pete and Linda, eight-year-old son Bronson, and father Tony, a widowed artist who makes sculptures.^[7] Each episode finds the Twist kids involved in surreal, supernatural adventures.^[7]

The series has been categorised as humorous, contemporary fantasy.^[8]

There were four series of Round the Twist made during the show's 11-year run. The first 13 half-hour episodes were part of a three-program package the ACTF sold to the Seven Network in September 1988, which also included Kaboodle and The Greatest Tune on Earth.^[7] The first series of Round the Twist was based on the popular novels Unreal!, Quirky Tales, Unbelievable!, Cabbage Patch Fib, and Uncanny! by Jennings, who had three books on the Australian children's bestseller list at the time.^[7]

Jennings was the scriptwriter for the first and second series, while Storm became script editor of the first series, co-writer for the second series, and screenwriter and script editor for the third and fourth series. Ray Boseley and Chris Anastassiades were also the writers for the third series, while Louise Fox, Christine Madafferi, and Robert Greenberg were assigned the fourth series. In addition to these, the second (1992), third (2000), and fourth series (2001) shared elements with the first regarding styles, characterisations, themes, locations, and genres with the original series. The third and fourth series were not based on Jennings' books but served as continuations for the former two series.

Theme song

The lyrics and music of the theme song were written by Andrew Duffield and sung by Tamsin West, who played Linda Twist in the first series. It borrowed lines from nursery rhymes such as, "There Was an Old Lady Who Swallowed a Fly", "Humpty Dumpty" and "Rain Rain Go Away". The song was used in a series of Halloween television adverts by UK supermarket chain Sainsbury's in 2018.^[9]

Casting

Making a show about children over the course of more than a decade necessitated a number of cast changes, as the child actors became too old for their parts. Three sets of children (the Twists, the Gribbles, and Fiona) were cast, and most of the major adult roles were recast at least once.

Around sixty child actors from all over Victoria were divided into small groups and given the scripts to the workshop under Esben Storm's direction.^[10]

Notes

Characters

The show revolves around the Twist family:

• Tony Twist ("Dad") is a widower with a kind heart who maintains a romantic interest in Bronson's schoolteacher, Ms. James, and regularly embarrasses the Twist children.
• Pete Twist is Linda's 14-year-old twin brother who occasionally goes out with his classmate Fiona. Along with Linda, he enjoys teasing his younger brother Bronson. Pete finds himself in embarrassing situations, and is often under siege from Gribble Junior and his gang.^[6]
• Linda Twist is Pete's 14-year-old twin sister, whose interests include feminism, environmentalism, and judo. She enjoys picking on her younger brother. She takes life quite seriously and tries to bring a sense of normality to her family who sometimes go out of control. Linda also has a strong sense of justice, knows what is fair, and is prepared to go out of her way to achieve it. She is the most mature and spiritual of the Twist kids.^[6]
• Bronson Twist is the twins' 8-year-old younger brother. He is obsessed with food and odors and uses comedic malapropisms, such as confusing widower with windower. As the youngest of the family, he often feels left out of what his older siblings are doing, and tags along their adventures despite the possibility of danger or ridicule. On a few occasions, he is treated as older than his age, such as in Series 1, where he is expected to take full responsibility for a green baby he found in the cabbage patch.^[6]

Other

• Helen "Nell" Rickards (Series 2 as Nell Sands) – the old woman who lives in a cottage next door, whose brother, Tom, had been the former lighthouse keeper. Her father, mother, and sister died when the ship they were on sunk. The family's spirits, as well as Tom's, haunted the lighthouse.
• Harold Gribble – a greedy real-estate agent and one-time Senate candidate, who often tries to force the Twists to move out of the lighthouse.
• "Matron" Cecilia Gribble – Harold's supportive wife who is a nurse. She is just as scheming as her husband.
• James Gribble – Harold's no-good son. He is a bully at school who often antagonizes Pete.
• "Rabbit" – one of James Gribble's friends.
• "Tiger" Gleeson – one of James Gribble's friends.
• Fay James – Bronson's schoolteacher; Fay James is a love interest for Tony, and lives with the Twists in Series 3 and 4.
• Ralph Snapper – Pete and Linda's teacher. He is a harsh disciplinarian who does not respond well to children's insolence, but is socially awkward around adults.
• Fiona Richmond – Linda's friend, and Pete's sometime girlfriend.
• Hugh Townsend – Linda's love crush in Series 1.
• Anthony – A well-meaning nerd with a crush on Linda in Series 3 and 4.
• Padre, Sacha, and Emily – Three girls Pete tries to win over in Series 4.

Characters who appear briefly in each episode of a series include:

• Ghosts of Nell Rickard's family members – her parents Stanley & Louise Rickards, her siblings Tom and sister Sarah Rickards.
• Ghost Matthew and Ghost Jeremiah – ghosts of two men whose spirits were trapped in the lighthouse during Series 2 after they failed to guide a boat to shore one hundred years earlier.
• Ariel – a girl from the "Isle of Dreams" who wants to take Pete away in Series 4.
• Mr. Nic Papadelioises – a local small deli owner who gave Bronson his first job.

Storylines

Round the Twist pushed the boundaries of acceptability for children's television.^{[citation needed]}

Four series of Round the Twist were made, each comprising thirteen episodes. Although each episode has a self-contained plot, each series has a recurring theme, usually an object or character which appears briefly in every episode, and develops until the final episode of each series in which it is explained and resolved.

The Twist family also has frequent conflicts with a ruthless local businessman, Harold Gribble, and his family. Gribble seeks to remove the Twists from the lighthouse in order to turn it into a tourist attraction. This is a continuing feature of the first series and a recurring feature of the third and fourth series.

Series 1 (1990)

The first series had the following episodes:^[11]

• "Skeleton on the Dunny"
• "Birdsdo"
• "A Good Tip for Ghosts"
• "The Cabbage Patch Fib"
• "Spaghetti Pig Out"
• "The Gum Leaf War"
• "Santa Claws"
• "Wunderpants"
• "Lucky Lips"
• "Know All"
• "The Copy"
• "Without My Pants"
• "Lighthouse Blues"

The lighthouse is haunted by eerie music coming from upstairs. In the final episode, "Lighthouse Blues", the music is revealed to be played by the ghosts of Nell's deceased family. The ghosts help the Twists prevent one of Gribble's business associates from destroying the lighthouse.

In a subplot, Tony falls in love with Fay and spends the series developing a relationship with her, culminating in a marriage proposal at the finale. The answer to the proposal is left open-ended.

The series provides a lot of laughter and suspense and retains the surprise endings which made the books so popular among modern young readers.^[12]

Series 2 (1992)

The second series reintroduces the Twist family and the local identities from the coastal town of Port Niranda.^[13] The thirteen stories in the second series were completely new tales.^[8] They shared elements in style, characterisation, theme, location, and genre with the first series but each storyline was unpredictable and fresh.^[8]

The second series has the following episodes:

• "Second Time Around"
• "Copy Cat"
• "Little Squirt"
• "Pink Bow Tie"
• "Nails"
• "Sloppy Jalopy"
• "Smelly Feet"
• "Grandad's Gift"
• "Ice Maiden"
• "Yuckles"
• "Quivering Heap"
• "Little Black Balls"
• "Seeing The Light"

Richard Moir reprises his role as Tony, but his children have been recast.^[13]

The lighthouse is haunted again by two ghosts who reveal themselves as Matthew and Jeremiah, who are being punished because, 100 years ago, they failed as lighthouse keepers to stop a ship carrying Matthew's love, Jane, from being wrecked on the rocks. In the final episode, "Seeing the Light", the ghost ship comes again, and this time, all of the characters from the show help turn on the lighthouse light and save the family who was lost at sea and redeem the ghosts.

Tony and Fay become officially engaged, but Fay becomes concerned that Bronson does not want her to marry Tony, which leads to the engagement being broken off. They are re-engaged at the end of the series.

In this series, Mr. Gribble is not concerned with removing the Twists from the lighthouse; rather, he campaigns for a Senate seat with the fictional Progressive Conservative Party. Disagreeing with his policies, Nell runs against him in a party similar to the Australian Greens and ultimately wins in a landslide.

Series 3 (2000)

The demand for more Round The Twist worldwide led Edgar to proceed with Series 3 and 4, which were made back-to-back with the same child cast.^[3] Storm led the workshops to create scripts for the third and fourth series, which have the following episodes:^[3]

• "The Big Burp"
• "Viking Book of Love"
• "Whirling Derfish"
• "UMI"
• "Truth Hits Everybody"
• "The Nirandathal Beast"
• "Mail-Boo"
• "Brainless"
• "Toy Love"
• "Tears of Innocence"
• "The Ice Cream Man Cometh"
• "If the Walls Could Talk"
• "The Big Rock"

The third series recast most of the characters. In this series, Mr. Gribble plans to turn Port Niranda into the honeymoon capital of the world by tearing down the lighthouse and building a casino in its place. Fay has moved in with Tony and the kids for a trial period to see if they can live in harmony with each other.^[14]

Series 4 (2001)

The fourth series has the following episodes:

• "Welcome Back"
• "Monster Under the Bed"
• "Linda Godiva"
• "Dog by Night"
• "TV or Not TV"
• "Face the Fear"
• "Hair Brain"
• "Princess and the Pete"
• "Bird Boy"
• "The Shadow Player"
• "Radio Da Da"
• "Skunkman"
• "The Isle of Dreams"

In each episode, a knight in armour enters the lighthouse through a magical door. At the beginning of the series, the knight's face is hidden behind a visor; in the second half, the visor is raised. In the final episode, "The Isle of Dreams", the stranger is revealed to be a girl, Ariel, who offers the children a perfect life on the Isle of Dreams if Pete will become her husband. In the end, they decline, and Ariel disappears forever, along with the enchanted isle.

A subplot in this series is Fay's pregnancy with Tony's baby, named Ariel, who is born in the series finale.

Production

Series 1

The first series of Round The Twist went into pre-production in March 1989 and production began on 4 April and ran for 13 weeks. Filming took place at Melbourne Film Studios and the lighthouse on the Victorian coast.^[15]

Throughout the series, several locations in Victoria, Australia, were used for external shots. Exterior scenes of the Twist family's lighthouse home were shot at the Split Point Lighthouse in Aireys Inlet. The school and some town scenes were shot in Williamstown, Point Lonsdale, and Queenscliff.

The seventh episode of series one was supposed to be "Frozen Stiff", but that had to be changed as it was too expensive to freeze a house and thirty animals inside large ice blocks.^[16]

Nell was supposed to die in "Lighthouse Blues", but Storm told Jennings, "it's too depressing after thirteen weeks. We can't finish the series by killing off a well-loved character."^[16]

The first two series were written by Jennings and edited by Storm. Jennings made cameo appearances, including as the ghost of Ben Byron in "Without My Pants".

Series 2

Following the success of Round the Twist both in Australia and in overseas markets, the ACTF developed a second 13-episode series.^[17] The second series was in pre-production in April 1992.^[18] Filming took place from 23 March to 19 June 1992 and finished on 23 June 1992.^[18][19]

Edgar continued as executive director, and Jennings and Storm wrote the scripts.^[17] Storm was the main series director, Steve Jodrell also directed episodes in the second series, and Antonia Barnard was the co-producer of the second series.^[17] Adult cast members remained the same as in the first series, except for Mr. Gribble and Matron Gribble, who were recast with Mark Mitchell and Jan Friedl. Auditions were held in 1991 to find new child actors to replace characters like Pete, Linda, and Bronson.^[17] The second series was in post-production until 30 November 1992.^[13] It was pre-purchased by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, the British Broadcasting Corporation, Ravensburger Film, and TV Gmbh (for German-speaking territories), and Tri Star Gmbh (for Italy).^[13]

Series 3

The third and fourth series were written by various writers and re-used the same characters, but they did not draw from Jennings' material. Two years before the third series was aired, Jennings' stories were being adapted into a different show called Driven Crazy, which failed to match the popularity of the early Round the Twist and of which only one series was produced.

The ACTF started development of a new series of Round The Twist in 1997.^[20] It was produced by Edgar with Bernadette O’Mahony and written by Storm, Chris Anastassiades, and Ray Boseley. The series was directed by Boseley, Storm, and Pino Amenta. The series was pre-sold to the ABC, BBC, Nickelodeon UK, and Disney European channels, and financed by the Australian Film Finance Corporation. The scripts were completed by November 1997, and official pre-production of the series commenced in November 1998.^[20] An Australia-wide search for the child leads was conducted, and more than 800 children auditioned for the roles of Linda, Pete, Bronson, and the Gribble gang, Rabbit, Tiger, and Gribbs.^[21] Filming took place on location at Aireys Inlet and Crawford Productions' studio in Melbourne in early 1999.^[20] The series was completed and distributed to broadcasters in November 1999.^[20]

Series 4

Storylines for the fourth series were being written in 1998 following a creative workshop directed by Storm in early September at the ACTF's offices.^[22] In 2000, the ACTF completed the development of the fourth series of Round the Twist, which was written by Storm, Boseley, Louise Fox, Christine Madafferi, and Robert Greenberg.^[23] The pre-production of the fourth series commenced in November 1999, with principal photography starting in February 2000 and ending in May 2000.^[23] Edgar was executive producer and producer, and the line producer was Helen Watts, with directors David Swann, Arnie Custo, and Boseley.^[23] Filming for the series started on 7 February 2000, and continued for three months in and around Melbourne, in the Crawford Productions' studio, Williamstown Primary School, and Airey's Inlet.^[23] Most of the main cast from Season 3 returned for Season 4.^[23]

Feature film

A full-length Round the Twist feature film was developed and written by Storm and Boseley. Under Storm's guidance, a storyline workshop for the feature film was held in October 1994.^[24] Production was planned for 1997–98, but funding for the project was not granted.^[21] Edgar explains in her book Bloodbath that feature films based on television are rarely financed by distributors, must compete with big-budget films, and are typically launched during the school holidays, among many other complicating factors. Despite Edgar's best efforts to have the Round the Twist feature film come to fruition, the project was scrapped.

Reception

In the United Kingdom, Round the Twist aired on BBC One during the channel's Children's BBC strand several times in the 1990s and early 2000s. It was rerun in 2007 on Channel 5 on Sunday mornings. It also regularly appeared on Network 2 in Ireland, and was popular in Germany and the Netherlands. It was shown in Sri Lanka by the Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation. In Canada, it won the Banff Television Festival award for "Best Children's Program" in 2000, and in Australia, it won the Logie Award for "Outstanding Children's Program" in 2001 (tied with Hi-5) and 2002. It was also nominated for an award at the Australian Film Institute. The show is currently^[when?] shown in Australia on ABC Me.

Series 1

In 1995, TV 4 Sweden advised that the Round the Twist series won its time slot in the afternoons with a 25 percent audience share. TV 2 Denmark also screened the series during the year and reported excellent ratings. In Denmark, Round the Twist is called “The Children Of The Lighthouse”; in Germany, it is called “Twist Totale”. The Finnish Broadcasting Company and Wharf Cable in Hong Kong acquired Round the Twist in March 1995, while AVRO, a Dutch public channel, acquired the second series in June 1995.^[24]

The ACTF received letters and phone calls from viewers of Les Twist Famille in France, many of whom had watched the program on Canal J, the French children's channel.^[24] In Canada, CBC Television started screening the program in May 1995, while the French-language version was broadcast on sister channel Télévision de Radio-Canada later that year.^[24] The CBC reported that a significant number of university students had been among the correspondents writing to them to express their appreciation of the series.^[24]

Series 2

The second series was pre-sold to the BBC and Ravensburger in Germany, and received an upfront distribution advance from DARO^{[definition needed]} for Spain, Portugal, Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Rumania, USSR, Africa (excluding South Africa), Ireland, Greece, Belgium, New Zealand, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Turkey, Iceland, and South Korea.^[8]

In 1995, Series 1 of Round the Twist screened in Sweden for the first time by TV4.^[25] It was so popular that TV4 contacted the ACTF to acquire the second series so that it be immediately aired.^[25]

The second series of Round the Twist aired on TV 2 in Denmark in January 1995, and was shown on Canal J in France. The ACTF received letters and telephone calls from young viewers in France who loved the series.^[25]

In 1997, Round the Twist was named "Kids’ Vid of the Week" and given four stars by The Age Green Guide.^[26]

The acquisition of Round the Twist by FOX Network coincided with the repeat of series one on BBC1 in the UK.^[26] The series reached number two in the Top 10 Children's Programs.^[26]

There were 6109 hits on the Round the Twist website from Finland during the second week in July 1997, which reflected local viewer interest.^[26]

Round The Twist series 1 and 2 sold and resold in 54 countries including the US.^[27]

Launch

To launch the program, the ACTF and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) transformed one of the ABC's Elsternwick studios into a Round the Twist set. Four Foundation staff members attended the MIPCOM market in Cannes, France, in October 1992 to launch the second series of Round the Twist and Lift Off on the international market.^[28]

The second series of Round the Twist was a major success when it was screened on BBC1 in the United Kingdom in early 1993. It was rated the first most popular children's program in the United Kingdom by the time it had finished airing. BBC Enterprises entered into a contract with the ACTF for the release of Round the Twist in the United Kingdom.^[28] Series 2 was also sold to Germany, Austria, Italy, France, Portugal, Ireland, Greece, Zimbabwe, and Thailand in 1993.^[28]

Family Album on ABC

Throughout 1994, the ABC presented a family viewing hour, Family Album, from 6.00 pm to 7.00 pm on Saturday, from 26 February 1994 to January 1995. The slot was conceived by Edgar in recognition of 1994 being the International Year of the Family.^[25]

The Foundation produced a study guide to accompany the Family Album series, which included information on individual programs and activities for students to supplement Round the Twist, and was sent out to all schools in Australia.^[25]

ACTF Programs in Children's Hospitals

The ACTF donated 210 videos to the Starlight Fun Centre Trolley program operating in pediatric wards in hospitals around Australia; Round the Twist and Lift Off were particularly requested.^[29]

Series 3edit

Round the Twist rated number one on the BBC in the middle of 1998.^[22] The BBC screened the third series at 4:30 pm on Monday afternoons from 10 January – 10 April 2000. Figures supplied by the BBC Broadcast Strategy Channel Development group indicated that the BBC audience viewership in the 4:30 pm slot increased by 13–18% share over the period when the program aired. The BBC's average audience in those weeks was approximately two million people or 37% of the audience watching television at that time.^[23]

In Finland, the series aired daily during the summer holidays in June 2000.^[23] Yle described the screening as a "great success" with an average rating of 8.0.^[23] The audience share achieved was never less than 55% and it peaked at 75% in the 10- to 14-year-old age group.^[23]

Series 3 was a critical and popular success. In the 5.00 pm time slot, season 3 was consistently watched by 323,300 people, including:^[23]

• An average of 61% of children between the ages of 5–12 years old (compared to averages of between 9-19% on the other networks at this time)^[23]
• Over 31% of children in the 13-17 year age group^[23]

Series 4edit

The Queen's visitedit

The Foundation hosted Queen Elizabeth II during her Australian tour in March. She visited the Melbourne set of the fourth series on 23 March 2000, where she was greeted by Edgar, Janet Holmes à Court, and Dame Margaret Guilfoyle.^[23]

The Queen included Round the Twist as part of her itinerary in recognition of the ACTF's achievements on behalf of young people since its inception in 1982.^[23] Round The Twist was the most commercially successful and popular Australian children's drama series ever made.^[23] The third series (which was screened on the ABC and BBC when the Queen visited the set) attracted 2.1 million viewers in the UK in 2000 and was the highest-rated program for 5–12-year-olds in the 5:00 pm timeslot in Australia.^[23]

Studio Cityedit

Studio City at Melbourne Docklands opened in 2002. The ACTF signed a contract for a major children's attraction at the proposed Paramount-branded theme park,^[30] and the attraction included the characters and adventures of the popular series, and featured a tree spirit, a Viking shipwreck, and a hall of distortion that culminated in a slide from the series’ lighthouse icon.^[30]

Edgar said the attraction would enable local families and overseas visitors to interact with the characters and storylines from Round The Twist.^[30]

We have been in discussion with Studio City for some time. Our interest is to provide a unique, thoroughly Australian experience. Round The Twist provides the right ingredients. It's scary, outrageous, quirky, surprising, with a big ‘yuk’ factor and lots of laughs. Strange things will happen in the Round The Twist attraction at Studio City.

— Patricia Edgar

Studio City, backed by Viacom, comprises a theme park, film and television studios, and a recreational precinct.^[30]

Melbourne International Festival and Museumedit

The cast members from Round the Twist were at the Big Box Family Children's Festival.^[31] Two episodes from the fourth series, filmed earlier in the year, were screened at the new Melbourne Museum's theatre. Many fans met their favourite characters from Round the Twist at the Festival on 29 October 2000; the Festival was jointly hosted by the Melbourne Festival and the Melbourne Museum.^[32]

The cast were the emcees for the day, and they introduced national and international performers including Ethiopian Circus and Wild Moves.^[32]

Awards and nominationsedit