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In Ancient Indian astronomy, there are 27 nakshatras , or sectors along the ecliptic. A list of them is first found in the Vedanga Jyotisha, a text dated to the final centuries BCE[citation needed]. The Nakṣatra system predates the influence of Hellenistic astronomy on Vedic tradition, which became prevalent from about the 2nd century CE. There are various systems of enumerating the Nakṣatra-s;[clarification needed] although there are 27-28 days to a sidereal month, by custom only 27 days are used. The following list gives the corresponding regions of sky.[1] Months in the modern Indian national calendar -- despite still carrying names that derive from the nakshatras -- do not signify any material correlation. It stands to reason that during the original naming of these months -- whenever that happened -- they were indeed based on the nakshatras that coincided with them in some manner. The modern Indian national calendar is a solar calendar, much like the Gregorian calendar wherein solstices and equinoxes fall on the same date(s) every year.
No. | Name | Associated stars | Description | Image |
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1 | Ashvini - अश्विनी "physician to the Gods" |
β "Sheratan" and γ "Mesarthim" Arietis |
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2 | Bharani - भरणी "the bearer" |
35, 39 "Lilii Borea", and 41 Arietis |
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3 | Krittika - कृत्तिका an old name of the Pleiades; personified as the nurses of Kārttikeya, a son of Shiva. |
Pleiades | ![]() | |
4 | Rohini - रोहिणी "the red one", a name of Aldebaran. Also known as brāhmī |
Aldebaran |
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5 | Mrigashira - मृगशिर "the deer's head". Also known as āgrahāyaṇī |
λ "Meissa", φ Orionis | ![]() | |
6 | Ardra - आर्द्रा "the storm god" |
Betelgeuse |
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7 | Punarvasu - पुनर्वसु (dual) "the two restorers of goods", also known as yamakau "the two chariots" |
Castor and Pollux |
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8 | Pushya - पुष्य "the nourisher", also known as sidhya or tiṣya |
γ "Asellus Borealis", δ "Asellus Australis" and θ Cancri | ![]() | |
9 | Āshleshā - आश्ळेषा/आश्लेषा "the embrace" |
δ, ε "Āshleshā Nakshatra", η, ρ, and σ "Minchir" Hydrae |
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10 | Maghā - मघा "the bountiful" |
Regulus |
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11 | Pūrva Phalgunī - पूर्व फाल्गुनी "first reddish one" |
δ "Zosma" and θ "Chertan" Leonis |
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12 | Uttara Phalgunī - उत्तर फाल्गुनी "second reddish one" |
Denebola |
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13 | Hasta - हस्त "the hand" |
α "Alchiba", β "Kraz", γ, δ "Algorab" and ε "Minkar" Corvi | ![]() | |
14 | Chitra - चित्रा "the bright one", a name of Spica |
Spica |
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15 | Svati - स्वाति "Su-Ati (Sanskrit) Very good" name of Arcturus |
Arcturus |
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16 | Vishakha - विशाखा "forked, having branches"; also known as rādhā "the gift" |
α "Zubenelgenubi", β "Zubeneschamali", γ and ι Librae | ![]() | |
17 | Anuradha - अनुराधा "following rādhā" |
β "Acrab", δ "Dschubba" and π "Fang" Scorpionis |
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18 | Jyeshtha - ज्येष्ठा "the eldest, most excellent" |
α "Antares", σ, and τ "Paikauhale" Scorpionis |
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19 | Mula - मूल "the root" |
ε "Larawag", ζ, η, θ "Sargas", ι, κ, λ "Shaula", μ and ν "Jabbah" Scorpionis |
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20 | Purva Ashadha - पूर्व आषाढा "first of the āṣāḍhā", āṣāḍhā "the invincible one" being the name of a constellation |
δ "Kaus Media" and ε "Kaus Australis" Sagittarii |
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21 | Uttara Ashadha - उत्तर आषाढा "Later invincible" |
ζ "Ascella" and σ "Nunki" Sagittarii |
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22 | Shravana - श्रवण |
α "Altair", β and γ Aquilae |
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23 | Dhanishta - श्रविष्ठा/धनिष्ठा "most famous", also Shravishthā "swiftest" |
α "Sualocin" to δ Delphini |
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24 | Shatabhisha - शतभिष/शततारका "requiring a hundred physicians" |
γ Aquarii "Sadachbia" |
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25 | Purva Bhadrapada - पूर्व भाद्रपदा/पूर्व प्रोष्ठपदा "the first of the blessed feet" |
α "Markab" and β Pegasi |
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26 | Uttara Bhādrapadā - उत्तर भाद्रपदा/उत्तर प्रोष्ठपदा "the second of the blessed feet" |
γ "Algenib" Pegasi and α "Alpheratz" Andromedae |
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27 | Revati - रेवती "prosperous" |
ζ Piscium "Revati" |
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28 | Abhijit - अभिजित "Invincible" |
Lyra |
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Padas (quarters)
The 27 Nakshatras cover 13°20’ of the ecliptic each. Each Nakshatra is also divided into quarters or padas of 3°20’, and the below table lists the appropriate starting sound to name the child. The 27 nakshatras, each with 4 padas, give 108, which is the number of beads in a Japa mala, indicating all the elements (ansh) of Vishnu:
# | Name | Pada 1 | Pada 2 | Pada 3 | Pada 4 |
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1 | Ashwini (अश्विनि) | चु Chu | चे Che | चो Cho | ला La |
2 | Bharani (भरणी) | ली Li | लू Lu | ले Le | लो Lo |
3 | Krittika (कृत्तिका) | अ A | ई I | उ U | ए E |
4 | Rohini (रोहिणी) | ओ O | वा Vaa/Baa | वी Vi/Bi | वु Vu/Bu |
5 | Mrigashīrsha(मृगशीर्ष) | वे Ve/Be | वो Vo/Bo | का Ka | की Kii |
6 | Ārdrā (आर्द्रा) | कु Ku | घ Gha | ङ Ng/Na | छ Chha |
7 | Punarvasu (पुनर्वसु) | के Ke | को Ko | हा Ha | ही Hii |
8 | Pushya (पुष्य) | हु Hu | हे He | हो Ho | ड ḍa |
9 | Āshleshā (अश्लेषा) | डी ḍi | डू ḍu | डे ḍe | डो ḍo |
10 | Maghā (मघा) | मा Ma | मी Mi | मू Mu | मे Me |
11 | Pūrva or Pūrva Phalgunī (पूर्व फल्गुनी) | मो Mo | टा ṭa | टी ṭii | टू ṭuu |
12 | Uttara or Uttara Phalgunī (उत्तर फल्गुनी) | टे ṭe | टो ṭo | पा Pa | पी Pi |
13 | Hasta (हस्त) | पू Pu | ष Sha | ण Na | ठ ṭha |
14 | Chitra (चित्रा) | पे Pe | पो Po | रा Ra | री Ri |
15 | Svātī (स्वाति) | रू Ru | रे Re | रो Ro | ता Ta |
16 | Viśākhā (विशाखा) | ती Ti | तू Tu | ते Te | तो To |
17 | Anurādhā (अनुराधा) | ना Na | नी Ni | नू Nu | ने Ne |
18 | Jyeshtha (ज्येष्ठा) | नो No | या Ya | यी Yi | यू Yu |
19 | Mula (मूल) | ये Ye | यो Yo | भा Bha | भी Bhi |
20 | Pūrva Āshādhā (पूर्व आषाढ़) | भू Bhu | धा Dha | फा Bha/Pha | ढा Da |
21 | Uttara Āṣāḍhā (उत्तर आषाढ़) | भे Bhe | भो Bho | जा Ja | जी Ji |
22 | Śrāvaṇa (श्रावण) | खी Ju/Khii | खू Je/Khu | खे Jo/Khe | खो Gha/Kho |
23 | Śrāviṣṭha (श्रविष्ठा) or Dhanishta | गा Ga | गी Gii | गु Gu | गे Ge |
24 | Shatabhisha (शतभिषा)or Śatataraka | गो Go | सा Sa | सी Si | सू Su |
25 | Pūrva Bhādrapadā (पूर्व भाद्रपद) | से Se | सो So | दा Da | दी Di |
26 | Uttara Bhādrapadā (उत्तर भाद्रपद) | दू Du | थ Tha | झ Jha | ञ ña |
27 | Revati (रेवती) | दे De | दो Do | च Cha | ची Chi |
Names in Indian and Asian languages
The names of nakshatras in other languages are adapted from the Sanskrit variation (apabhramsa) through Pali or Prakrit. The variations evolved for easier pronunciation in popular usage.
# | Sanskrit संस्कृतम् |
Odia ଓଡିଆ |
Malayalam മലയാളം |
Tamil தமிழ் |
Sinhala සිංහල |
Dhivehi ދިވެހި |
Telugu తెలుగు |
Kannada ಕನ್ನಡ |
Bengali বাংলা |
Mongolian | Chinese 宿 |
Tibetan བོད་སྐད། རྒྱུ་སྐར་ཉེ་བདུན། |
Khmer ខ្មែរ |
Burmese |
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1 | Ashvinī अश्विनी |
Aswini ଅଶ୍ଵିନୀ |
Ashvati അശ്വതി |
Asvini அஸ்வினி |
Aswida අස්විද |
A'sidha އައްސިދަ |
Ashwini అశ్విని |
Ashwini ಅಶ್ವಿನಿ |
Ashwini অশ্বিনী |
Шийдэм | 婁 | ཐ་སྐར། | អឝ្វិនី | အသဝနီ |
2 | Bharanī भरणी |
Dwijaa ଦ୍ଵିଜା |
Bharaṇi ഭരണി |
Baraṇi பரணி |
Berana බෙරණ |
Burunu ބުރުނު |
Bharani భరణి |
Bharani ಭರಣಿ |
Bharaṇi ভরণী |
Гоё хүүхэн | 胃 | བྲ་ཉེ། | ភរណី | ဘရဏီ |
3 | Krittikā कृत्तिका |
Krutikaa କୃତିକା |
Kārttika കാർത്തിക |
Kārthigai கார்த்திகை |
Kethi කැති |
Kethi ކެތި |
Krittika కృత్తిక |
Kritika ಕೃತಿಕ |
Krittika কৃত্তিকা |
Нэг эхт зургаан хөвгүүн | 昴 | སྨིན་དྲུག | ក្ឫតិកា | ကြတ္တီကာ |
4 | Rohiṇī रोहिणी |
Rohini ରୋହିଣୀ |
Rōhiṇi രോഹിണി |
Rōgiṇi ரோகிணி |
Rehena රෙහෙණ |
Roanu ރޯނު |
Rohini రోహిణి |
Rohini ರೋಹಿಣಿ |
Rohiṇi রোহিণী |
Чөлөөт эх | 畢 | སྣར་མ། | រោហិណី | ရောဟဏီ |
5 | Mrigashīrsha मृगशीर्ष |
Mrugasiraa ମୃଗଶିରା |
Makayiram മകയിരം |
Mirugasīriḍam/Mirugaḻi மிருகசீரிடம்/மிருகழி |
Muwasirasa මුවසිරස |
Miyaheli މިޔަހެލި |
Mrugashira మృగశిర |
Mrigashira ಮೃಗಶಿರ |
Mrigashira মৃগশিরা |
Гөрөөсөн толгой | 觜 | མགོ | ម្ឫគឝីឞ៍ | မိဂသီ |
6 | Ārdrā आर्द्रा |
Adra ଆଦ୍ରା |
Ātira or Tiruvātira ആതിര (തിരുവാതിര) |
Tiruvādirai திருவாதிரை |
Ada අද |
Adha އަދަ |
Arudra ఆరుద్ర |
Ardra ಆರ್ದ್ರ |
Ardra আর্দ্রা |
Хэрцгий охин | 參 | ལག | អាទ្រ៍ា | အဒြ |
7 | Punarvasu पुनर्वसु |
punarbasu ପୁନର୍ବସୁ |
Puṇartam പുണർതം |
Puṉarpūsam புனர்பூசம் |
Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Sadhayam