The Significant New Alternatives Policy (also known as Section 612 of the Clean Air Act or SNAP, promulgated at 40 CFR part 82 Subpart G) is a program of the EPA to determine acceptable chemical substitutes, and establish which are prohibited or regulated by the EPA.^[1] It also establishes a program by which new alternatives may be accepted, and promulgates timelines to the industry regarding phase-outs of substitutes.

Scope

Originally, Section 612 was limited by ozone-depleting chemicals. However, after passing regulations to phase-out R134a, an HFC refrigerant with no ozone-depleting potential, this phase-out was defended by a subsidiary of DuPont siding with the EPA as it was challenged by a major manufacturer of R134a, and was struck down in 2017. This decision was upheld in 2018.^[2][3] In 2021, a new law was passed as part of the appropriations bill extending the EPA's scope to substances with high GWP as well.^[4]

The EPA looks at available chemical substitutes in the following industrial sectors:

• Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks
• Aerosols
• Cleaning Solvents
• Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection
• Foam Blowing Agents
• Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
• Sterilants
• Tobacco Expansion

Evaluations are ongoing as technological understanding improves, and can only prohibit substance where the EPA has determined other available substitutes that pose less overall risk to human health and the environment.^[5]

Submittal process

In order to submit new proposed chemicals, along with general contact and marketing information, for a complete submittal, the EPA requires reports on:

• Impurities
• Byproducts
• Degradation Products
• Test Marketing
• Physical Properties including:
  • molecular weight
  • physical state
  • melting point
  • boiling point
  • specific gravity
  • If a blend
    • bubble point
    • dew point
  • If flammable
    • lower flammability limit
    • upper flammability limit
    • flash point
• Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)
• Global Warming Potential (GWP)
• VOC content
• Proposed cost
• Toxicity Limits
  • Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
  • Short-Term Exposure Limits (STELs)
  • Threshold Limit Values (TLVs)
  • Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs)
  • Workplace Environmental Exposure Limits (WEELs)
  • acceptable exposure limits (AELs)
  • Toxicological studies
• SDS
• Environmental/Health and Safety Law Review
• Industry/Application-specific Use Profile

^[6]

Refrigerants

One important, changing aspect of SNAP is its effect on the HVAC industry. Particularly because it decides which refrigerants may be legally used, it coordinates refrigerant phaseouts in the U.S., and which are prohibited against venting in concordance with Section 608. The following is a list of accepted refrigerants, or phase-out periods according to the EPA.

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Significant_New_Alternatives_Policy
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	MVAC Passenger Air Conditioning in Vehicles[7]	MVAC Passenger Air Conditioning in Buses and Trains[8]	Centrifugal Chillers[9]	Positive Displacement Chillers[10]	Industrial Process Refrigeration[11]	Cold Storage Warehouse[12]	Commercial Ice Machines[13]	Household Refrigerators and Freezers[14]	Ice Skating Rinks[15]	Industrial Process Air Conditioning[16]	Residential and Light Commercial Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps[17]	Residential Dehumidifiers[18]	Refrigerated Transport[19]	Stand Alone Equipment[20]	Refrigerated Food Processing and Dispensing Equipment[21]	Remote Condensing Units[22]	Typical Supermarket Systems[23]	Vending machines[24]	Very Low Temperature Refrigeration[25]	Water Coolers[26]
Ammonia / Water Absorption			Acceptable
Ammonia Absorption			Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable
Ammonia Vapor Compression			Acceptable		Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable		Acceptable	Acceptable
Ammonia Vapor Compression with Secondary Loop			Acceptable	Acceptable										Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable
Chlorine					Acceptable
Cryogenic Transport Refrigeration System													Acceptable
Desiccant Cooling			Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable				Acceptable	Acceptable
Direct Nitrogen Expansion					Acceptable								Acceptable
Evaporative Cooling	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable				Acceptable	Acceptable
FOR12A			Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024.	Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024.	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021.		Acceptable			Acceptable	Unacceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019.		Acceptable
FOR12B			Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024.	Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024.	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021.		Acceptable			Acceptable	Unacceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019		Acceptable
Freeze 12	Unacceptable as of MY 2017.	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable			Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable		Acceptable
G2018C			Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable		Acceptable				Acceptable	Acceptable		Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable		Acceptable
GHG-HP	Unacceptable as of MY 2017.			Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable				Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable		Acceptable
GHG-X5	Unacceptable as of MY 2017.		Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable				Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable		Acceptable
HC Blend A					Acceptable
HC Blend B					Acceptable
HCFC-123			Acceptable		Acceptable
HCFC-124			Acceptable							Acceptable
HCFC-22			Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable		Acceptable	Acceptable		Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable		Acceptable
HCFC-22/HCFC-142b			Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable				Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable		Acceptable
HCFO-1233zd(E)					Acceptable	Acceptable			Acceptable	Acceptable
HFC-134a	Unacceptable as of Model Year (MY) 2021, except where allowed under a narrowed use limit through MY 2025. Unacceptable for all newly manufactured vehicles as of MY 2026.	Acceptable	Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit for military marine vessels and human-rated spacecraft and related support equipment, as of January 1, 2024.	Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit for military marine vessels and human-rated spacecraft and related support equipment, as of January 1, 2024.	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Unacceptable in new equipment, as of January 1, 2021.	Acceptable	Acceptable, Applicable to new uses below 125 degrees F ambient	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Unacceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Acceptable	Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2019.		Acceptable
HFC-134a/HBr (92/8)					Acceptable	Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as the primary heat transfer fluid in secondary-loop equipment for not-in-kind replacements.							Acceptable	Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as the primary heat transfer fluid in secondary-loop equipment for not-in-kind replacements.	Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as the primary heat transfer fluid in secondary-loop equipment for not-in-kind replacements.	Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as the primary heat transfer fluid in secondary-loop equipment for not-in-kind replacements.	Acceptable: Only acceptable for use as the primary heat transfer fluid in secondary-loop equipment for not-in-kind replacements.
HFC-152a	Acceptable with Use Conditions							Acceptable
HFC-227ea			Unacceptable, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024.	Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024.	Acceptable with Use Conditions: When manufactured using any process that does not convert perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) directly to HFC-236fa in a single step.	Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2023.								Unacceptable	Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2021.	Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2017	Unacceptable in new equipment as of January 1, 2017
HFC-23					Acceptable														Acceptable
HFC-32											Acceptable with Use Conditions
HFC-236fa			Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024.		Acceptable
HFC-245fa			Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024.		Acceptable					Acceptable									Acceptable