Tyumen Тюмень
City[1]
Tyumen Bridge of Lovers
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Tyumen
Tyumen Location of Tyumen Show map of Russia Tyumen Tyumen (Tyumen Oblast) Show map of Tyumen Oblast
Coordinates: 57°09′N 65°32′E / 57.150°N 65.533°E / 57.150; 65.533
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Tyumen Oblast[1]
Founded	July 29, 1586[2]
Government
• Head of Administration[3]	Peter Vagin (acting)[3]
Area [4]
• Total	698 km2 (269 sq mi)
Elevation	102 m (335 ft)
Population  (2010 Census)[5]
• Total	581,907
• Estimate  (2017)[6]	744,554
• Rank	25th in 2010
• Density	830/km2 (2,200/sq mi)
Administrative status
• Subordinated to	City of Tyumen[1]
• Capital of	Tyumen Oblast,[4] Tyumensky District[1]
Municipal status
• Urban okrug	Tyumen Urban Okrug[7]
• Capital of	Tyumen Urban Okrug,[7] Tyumensky Municipal District[7]
Time zone	UTC+5 (MSK+2 [8])
Postal code(s)[9]	625000
Dialing code(s)	+7 3452[10]
OKTMO ID	71701000001
City Day	Last Sunday of July[2]
Website	www.tyumen-city.ru

Tyumen (/t.juːˈmɛn/ tyoo-MEN;^[11][12] Russian: Тюмень, IPA: [tʲʉˈmʲenʲ] ^ⓘ) is the administrative center and largest city of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is situated just east of the Ural Mountains, along the Tura River. Fueled by the Russian oil and gas industry, Tyumen has experienced rapid population growth in recent years, rising to a population of 847,488 at the 2021 Census.^[13] Tyumen is among the largest cities of the Ural region and the Ural Federal District. Tyumen is often regarded as the first Siberian city, from the western direction.^[14]

Tyumen was the first Russian settlement in Siberia. Founded in 1586 to support Russia's eastward expansion, the city has remained one of the most important industrial and economic centers east of the Ural Mountains. Located at the junction of several important trade routes and with easy access to navigable waterways, Tyumen rapidly developed from a small military settlement to a large commercial and industrial city. The central part of Old Tyumen retains many historic buildings from throughout the city's history.

Today, Tyumen is an important business center. It is the transport hub and industrial center of Tyumen Oblast – an oil-rich region bordering Kazakhstan – as well as the home of many companies active in Russia's oil and gas industry.

Etymology

In Turkic and Mongolic languages, "Tümen/Түмэн" means a myriad, or ten thousand. Etymologically connected to the Tuman River that delineates sections of the borders between North Korea, Russia, and China.

Geography

Tyumen is located in Western Siberia, 1,700 km (1,100 mi) east of Moscow, 300 km (190 mi) east of Yekaterinburg, and 1,100 km (680 mi) west of Siberia's largest city, Novosibirsk. The city covers an area of 235 square kilometers (91 sq mi).^[4] Its primary geographical feature is the Tura River, which crosses the city from northwest to southeast. The river is navigable downstream of the city. The left bank of the Tura is a floodplain surrounded by gently rolling hills. The Tura is a shallow river with extensive marshlands.

The river floods during the snow melting season in the spring. The spring flood usually peaks in the second half of May,^[15] when the river becomes 8–10 times wider than during the late-summer low water season. The city is protected from flooding by a dike which can withstand floods up to 8 meters (26 ft) high.^[16] The highest ever flood water level in Tyumen was 9.15 meters (30.0 ft), recorded in 1979. More recently, in 2007, a water level of 7.76 was recorded.^[17] In spring 2005, a flood higher than the critical 8 meters (26 ft) mark was expected,^[18] but did not appear.

Climate

Tyumen has a strongly humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) with warm, somewhat humid summers and long, very cold (though average by Siberian standards) winters. The weather in the region is very changeable, and the temperature in town is always higher than in the surrounding area by a few degrees. The town area also attracts more precipitation. The average temperature in January is −16.7 °C (1.9 °F), with a record low of −50 °C (−58 °F) measured in February 1951. The average temperature in July is +18.6 °C (65.5 °F), with a record high of +38 °C (100 °F).

The average annual precipitation is 457 millimeters (18.0 in). The wettest year on record was 1943, with 581 millimeters (22.9 in), and the driest was 1917, with only 231 millimeters (9.1 in).^[19]