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The Alstom Citadis is a family of low-floor trams and light rail vehicles built by Alstom. As of 2017[update], over 2,300 Citadis trams have been sold and 1,800 tramways are in revenue service throughout the world, with operations in all six inhabited continents.[1] An evolution of Alstom's earlier TFS vehicle, most Citadis vehicles are made in Alstom's factories in La Rochelle, Reichshoffen and Valenciennes, France, and in Barcelona, Spain, and Annaba, Algeria.[2]
Citadis types
The Citadis family includes both partial and fully low-floor trams and LRVs, in versions with three (20x), five (30x), seven (40x), and nine (50x) sections. It comprises the following standard variants:
Urban tramway vehicles
Citadis X00:
- Citadis 100 – three section, 70% low floor, originally designed and manufactured by Konstal in Chorzów for the Polish market (Katowice, Gdańsk)
Citadis X01 (First generation):
- Citadis 301 – three section, 70% low floor (Orléans)
- Citadis 301 CIS – 100% low floor version with IPOMOS bogies on 1,524 mm (5 ft) gauge (Moscow, Saint-Petersburg[3]). Also designated 71-801 according to the Russian unified system of rolling stock classification (71=trams, 8=manufacturer code (Alstom), 01=model code).
- Citadis 401 – five sections, 70% low floor (Montpellier and Dublin, some converted from 301s)
Citadis X02 (Second generation):
- Citadis 202 – three section, 100% low floor (Melbourne)
- Citadis 302 – five sections, 100% low floor (Algiers, Adelaide, Angers, Lyon, Bordeaux, Paris T2, T7 and T8, Valenciennes, Rotterdam, Buenos Aires, Madrid, Melbourne, Nice, Murcia, Barcelona, Jerusalem, Le Havre and Nottingham)
- Citadis 402 – seven sections, 100% low floor (Bordeaux, Grenoble, Lyon, Paris T3, Dubai, Rio de Janeiro, Oran, Constantine)
- Citadis 502 – nine sections, 100% low floor (Dublin, some converted from 402s)
Citadis X03 (Third generation):
- Citadis 403 – seven sections, 100% low floor (Strasbourg)
Citadis X04 (Fourth generation):
- Citadis 304 – 100% low floor, next generation design for Central and Eastern Europe (Istanbul)
Citadis X05 (Fifth generation):
- Citadis 205 or Compact – three sections, 100% low floor (Aubagne, Avignon)[4]
- Citadis 305 – five sections, 100% low floor (Sydney, Lusail, Caen, Kaohsiung, Athens)
- Citadis 405 – seven sections, 100% low floor (Nice, Paris line T9, T10)
Light-rail transit vehicles
- Regio-Citadis – three sections, 70% low floor LRV (Kassel, The Hague)
- Citadis Dualis – four or five sections, 100% low-floor LRV (operated by the SNCF,[5] see below)
- Citadis Spirit – three or four sections, 100% low floor LRV designed for the North American market (Ottawa, Toronto)[6][7][8]
Power supply
Like most trams, Citadis vehicles are usually powered by overhead electric wires collected by a pantograph, but the trams in several places do not use pantograph current collection entirely. Other places, such as Toronto, use a trolley pole.
The most popular solution is Alstom's proprietary ground-level power supply (APS, first used in Bordeaux and subsequently in Angers, Reims, Orleans, Tours, Dubai, Rio, and Sydney), consisting of a type of third rail which is only powered while it is completely covered by a tram so that there is no risk of a person or animal coming into contact with a live rail. On the networks in France and in Sydney, the trams switch to conventional overhead wires in outer areas,[9] but the Dubai vehicles are the first to employ APS for its entire passenger length (although they are still equipped with pantographs for use in the maintenance depot).
Another option is to use on-board batteries to store electrical power, allowing brief periods of catenary-free operation without the need to install special infrastructure. The Citadis trams in Nice operate off a set of nickel metallic hydride batteries in two large open spaces where overhead wires would be an eyesore.[10] This has since been superseded by a supercapacitor-based energy storage system (SRS)[11] which is in use in Rio de Janeiro (alongside APS), Kaohsiung, and along a new line in Nice. The Regio-Citadis can also be built as a dual-voltage or electro-diesel vehicle with various configurations.
Ordered Citadis trams
Africa
| Country | City | Image | Type | Fleet numbers | Quantity | Year | Length | Width | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Algeria | Algiers (Algiers tramway) |
|
402 | 101–141 | 41 | 2010 | 2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) |
||
| Algeria | Constantine (Constantine tramway) |
|
402 | 101–127 | 47 | 2010 | 43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in) |
2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) |
27 were manufactured in Barcelona and 20 were assembled in Annaba, Algeria.[2] |
| Algeria | Oran (Oran Tramway) |
|
302 | 101–130 | 30 | 2010 | 43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in) |
2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) |
|
| Algeria | Ouargla (Ouargla tramway) |
402 | 101–123 | 23 | 2017 | 43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in) |
2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) |
||
| Algeria | Mostaganem | 
|
402 | 101–130 | 30 | 2017 | 43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in) |
2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) |
|
| Algeria | Sidi Bel Abbes (Sidi Bel Abbès tramway) | 
|
402 | 101–130 | 30 | 2016 | 43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in) |
2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) |
|
| Algeria | Setif | 
|
402 | 101–130 | 47 | 2016 | 43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in) |
2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) |
|
| Algeria | Batna | 402 | 101–130 | 30 | 2016 | 43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in) |
2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) |
||
| Algeria | Annaba | 402 | 101–130 | 30 | 2017 | 43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in) |
2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) |
||
| Algeria | Skikda | 402 | 101–130 | 20 | 2018 | 43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in) |
2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) |
||
| Algeria | Tébessa | 402 | 101–130 | 20 | 2018 | 43.9 m (144 ft 3⁄8 in) |
2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) |
||
| Morocco | Casablanca (Casablanca Tramway) |
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|
302 | 001–074 | 74 | 2012 | 2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) |
Single ended – operate in service as back-to-back pairs. Semi-permanently coupled. | |
| 075–124 | 50 | 2017/2018 | |||||||
| 305 | 125-204 | 80 | 2023/2024 | ||||||
| Rabat-Salé (Rabat-Salé tramway) |
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|
302 | 001–044 | 44 | 2010 | 2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) |
19 double trams (back to back single-ended pairs, semi-permanently coupled); 6 single bidirectional trams semi (back to back single-ended pairs). | ||
| 045–066 | 22 | 2018 | 11 double trams (back to back single-ended pairs, semi-permanently coupled); | ||||||
| Spain | Tenerife |  |
302 | 20 | 2007 | 32.2 m (105 ft 7+3⁄4 in) |
2.4 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) |
On important dates, such as Carnivals or Christmas, trams operate as doubles. | |
| Tunisia | Tunis | 
|
302 | 401–430 | 30 | 2007 | 32–64 m (104 ft 11+7⁄8 in – 209 ft 11+5⁄8 in) in MU |
2.4 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) |
Single ended – operate in service as back-to-back pairs. |
Asia
| Country | City | Image | Type | Fleet numbers | Quantity | Year | Length | Width | Commentsts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | Chengdu (Chengdu tram) | 
|
302 | 40 | 2018 | 32.6 m (106 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) | ||
| Taiwan | Kaohsiung (Circular light rail) | 
|
305 | 15 | 2019 | 33.4 m (109 ft 7 in) | 2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) | Uses SRS system[12] | |
| China | Shanghai Songjiang (Songjiang Tram) | 
|
302 | 30 | 2018 | 33 m (108 ft 3+1⁄4 in) | 2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) |
North America
The main article provides vehicle and order descriptions.
| Country | City | Image | Type | Fleet numbers | Quantity | Year | Length | Width | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | Ottawa (Confederation Line) |
|
Citadis Spirit | 1101–1134 | 34 (+38 planned) | 2018 | 48 m (157 ft 5+3⁄4 in) | 2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) | Four-module vehicles |
| Canada | Toronto (Line 6 Finch West) |
|
Citadis Spirit | 0 (61 planned) | 2021 | 48 m (157 ft 5+3⁄4 in) | 2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) | Four-module vehicles | |
| United States | Philadelphia (subway-surface lines, Route 15, and Routes 101 and 102) |
Citadis Spirit | 0 (130 planned, plus 30 options) | 2027 | [13] |
South America
| Country | City | Image | Type | Fleet numbers | Quantity | Year | Length | Width | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | Rio de Janeiro (VLT Carioca) |
|
402 | 101–132 | 32[14] | 2016 | 44 m (144 ft 4+1⁄4 in)[15] |
2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)[15] |
Uses APS system |
| Ecuador | Cuenca (Cuenca Tramway)[16] |
|
302 | 14 | 2020 | 32.4 m (106 ft 3+5⁄8 in) |
2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) |
Partially uses APS system |