IFAB

International Football Association Board
	Logo
Abbreviation	IFAB
Founded	2 June 1886; 137 years ago
Founded at	Manchester, England
Type	Self-regulatory body
Purpose	Management of the Laws of the Game
Headquarters	Zürich, Switzerland
Location	Commonly; ; England ; Scotland ; Northern Ireland ; Wales;
Region served	Worldwide
Membership	FIFA; The Football Association; Scottish Football Association; Football Association of Wales; Irish Football Association;
Secretary	Lukas Brud
Website	TheIFAB.com

The International Football Association Board (IFAB) is an international self-regulatory body of association football that is known for determining the Laws of the Game, the regulations for the gameplay of football. It was founded in 1886 in order to establish standardised regulations or "Laws" for the gameplay of international competition, and has since acted as the primary maintainer ("Guardian") of these Laws. FIFA, a prominent governing body for football, has recognised IFAB's jurisdiction over its Laws since its establishment in 1904.^[1]

IFAB is a distinct body from FIFA, although FIFA is represented on the board and holds 50% of the voting power. The founding football associations of IFAB, England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales each have permanent seats on the organisation. Amendments to the Laws mandate a three-quarter supermajority vote, meaning that FIFA's support is necessary but not sufficient for a motion to pass.

History

Establishment

Although the rules of football had largely been standardised by the early 1880s, England's Football Association (The FA), the Scottish Football Association (SFA), the Football Association of Wales (FAW) and the Irish Football Association (IFA) had conflicting rules. When international matches were played, the rules of the home team's national association were used. While this solution was technically feasible, it was impractical. To remedy this, the FAs initialised a meeting on 6 December 1882 in Queen’s Hotel, Manchester in order to systematise a set of rules that could be applied uniformly to matches between the UK football associations' national teams. This was later named the “International Football Conference”.

In the summer of 1885, the English FA declared that it legalised professionalism.^[2] The Scottish FA responded that it would refuse to allow professionals in its own national team, and would refuse to play international matches against an England team containing professionals.^[3] The Irish FA attempted to arbitrate by proposing that "an international conference should be held each year, say, in August, to be called in turn by each national association to deal with the laws of the game, and discuss other matters of interest to Association football, and at which international disputes could be adjusted".^[4]

Inaugural meeting and FIFA’s integration

The initial meeting of IFAB took place at The FA's offices at Holborn Viaduct in London on 2 June 1886.^[5] The FA, SFA, FAW and IFA each had equal voting rights. It was chaired by Sir Francis Marindin, and attended by Charles W. Alcock acting as Secretary.^[6] The meeting was notable for Marindin’s proposal, which outlined "That no player shall wear any kind of projection on the soles of heels of his boots with the exception of flat leather bars of an approved pattern".^[6]

During IFAB’s annual general meeting (AGM) on 8 June 1912, the secretary, J.K. McDowall, scrutinised a letter that was attributed to the recently established FIFA, requesting that IFAB would invite a member of FIFA to sit on the Board. ^[7]The petition was analysed, and IFAB concluded that it wasn’t the right time to establish FIFA as a member, and McDowall proceeded to write a response to the organisation explaining the consensus. At a special meeting held on 25 January 1913 in Wrexham, IFAB approved FIFA’s request after a proposition by The FA was made proposing that two members from FIFA should attend the board, making FIFA the fifth member of IFAB.

Post–war

For the first four post-war IFAB meetings (1920, 1921, 1922, and 1923), FIFA was once again excluded, on account of a dispute between FIFA and the home nations regarding payments to amateur players. From 1924, the dispute had been reconciled, and FIFA resumed attendance of IFAB meetings. In 1958, the Board agreed on a voting system that would be used to this day.^[8]

Since Irish partition in 1921, the IFA has evolved to become the organising body for football in Northern Ireland, with football in the Republic of Ireland being organised by the FAI. A request for the FAI to become a member of IFAB was denied at the 1923 annual general meeting.^[9]

Operations

Membership

The IFAB is made up of representatives from England's Football Association (The FA), the Scottish Football Association (SFA), the Football Association of Wales (FAW) and Northern Ireland's Irish Football Association (IFA)—and the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA, the International Association Football Federation), the international governing body for football. Each British or Irish association has one vote and FIFA has four. IFAB deliberations must be approved by three-quarters of the vote, or at least six of the eight votes.^[10] Thus, FIFA's approval is necessary for any IFAB decision, but FIFA alone cannot change the Laws of the Game—they need to be agreed by at least two of the UK members. As of 2016, all members must be present for a binding vote to proceed.^[10]

Meetings of the board

The Board meets twice a year, once to decide on possible changes to the rules governing the game of Football (the Annual General Meeting (AGM)) and once to deliberate on its internal affairs (the Annual Business Meeting (ABM)). In FIFA World Cup years, the AGM is held at FIFA's offices; otherwise, it rotates between Northern Ireland, Wales, England and Scotland in that order.^[10] Four weeks before the AGM, the member associations must send their written proposals to the secretary of the host association. FIFA then prints a list of suggestions that are distributed to all other associations for examination. The AGM is held either in February or March and the ABM is held between September and October.^[11] In cases of necessity, the Board can meet in a Special Meeting in addition to the two ordinary annual meetings. As of December 2012, the last Special Meeting was hosted by FIFA in Zürich on 5 July 2012.^[12]

The decisions of each year's Annual General Meeting of the Board regarding changes to the Laws of the Game enter into force from 1 July (and are binding on FIFA and on the other members of the Board, and, given that FIFA's Statutes establish that FIFA and its member associations and affiliates adhere to the Laws of the Game laid down by IFAB, those changes bind also FIFA's other member associations, FIFA's continental confederations of member associations, and the subnational entities of the national associations) but confederations, member associations and other bodies whose current season has not ended by 1 July may delay the introduction of the adopted alterations to the Laws of the Game in their competitions until the beginning of their next season.^[13] As well as permanent changes to the Laws, IFAB also authorises trials of potential amendments.^[14]

List of IFAB Annual General Meetings

Year	Date	Host	Location	Venue	Votes						Notes / references^[15]
Year	Date	Host	Location	Venue	FA	SFA	FAW	IFA	FIFA	Required to amend laws	Notes / references^[15]
1886	1 June	FA	London	Football Association Offices, 51 Holborn Viaduct	2	2	2	2	0	100%	First meeting
1887	1 June	SFA	Glasgow	Scottish Football Association Offices, 6 Carlton Place							First meeting to amend the Laws of the Game
1888	25 June	FAW	Wrexham	Wynnstay Arms Hotel							^[16]
1889	1 June	IFA	Belfast	Commercial Hotel							^[17]
1890	2 June	FA	London	Anderton's Hotel							^[18]
1891	2 June	SFA	Glasgow	Alexandra Hotel
1892	13 June	FAW	Llandudno	Prince of Wales Hotel
1893	10 June	IFA	Belfast	Hotel Shaftesbury							Date of subsequent meetings fixed to be the third Monday in June.
1894	18 June	FA	Windermere	Ferry Hotel
1895	17 June	SFA	Glasgow	Alexandra Hotel
1896	15 June	FAW	Aberystwyth	White Horse Hotel
1897	14 June	IFA	Rostrevor, Newry	Mourne Hotel
1898	20 June	FA	London	Football Association Offices, 61 Chancery Lane
1899	19 June	SFA	Glasgow	St. Enoch's Station Hotel
1900	18 June	FAW	Llangollen	Royal Hotel
1901	17 June	IFA	Giant's Causeway, Bushmills	tejas hotel also
1902	16 June	FA	Scarborough	Grand Hotel
1903	15 June	SFA	Ayr	Station Hotel							Date of subsequent meetings moved to the second Saturday in June.
1904	11 June	FAW	Bangor	British Hotel							^[19]
1905	17 June	IFA	Killarney	Lake Hotel							First meeting to be held outside today's United Kingdom.
1906	9 June	FA	Bowness-on-Windermere	Royal Hotel
1907	8 June	SFA	Oban	Alexandra Hotel
1908	19–20 June	FAW	Llandrindod Wells	Rock Hotel
1909	12 June	IFA	Bundoran	Great Northern Hotel
1910	11 June	FA	Brighton	Royal York Hotel
1911	11 June	SFA	Turnberry, Ayrshire	Station Hotel
1912	8 June	FAW	Aberystwyth	Queen's Hotel
1913	14 June	IFA	Portrush	Northern Counties Hotel	2	2	2	2	2	80%	First meeting to include FIFA
1914	13 June	FIFA	Paris	Hotel Palais D'Orsay	2	2	2	2	2	80%	First meeting held outside Britain and Ireland. Last meeting before the First World War.
1920	12–14 June	FA	Torquay	Torbay Hotel	2	2	2	2	0	100%	First meeting after the First World War. FIFA again excluded.
1921	11 June	SFA	Portpatrick	Portpatrick Hotel
1922	10 June	FAW	Llandudno	Imperial Hotel
1923	9 June	IFA	Giant's Causeway, Bushmills	Causeway Hotel							Last meeting to exclude FIFA
1924	14 June	FA	London	Football Association Offices, 42 Russell Square	2	2	2	2	2	80%
1925	13 June	FIFA	Paris	11 Rue de Londres
1926	12 June	SFA	St Andrews	Grand Hotel
1927	11 June	FAW	Llandudno	Grand Hotel
1928	9 June	IFA	Newcastle	Slieve Donard Hotel
1929	8 June	FIFA	Paris	Fédération Française de Football Association Offices, 22 Rue de Londres
1930	14 June	FA	Bournemouth	Royal Exeter Hotel
1931	13 June	SFA	Auchterarder	Gleneagles Hotel
1932	11 June	FAW	Llandudno	Imperial Hotel
1933	10 June	IFA	Portrush	Northern Counties Hotel							Rules amended to allow FIFA-hosted meetings to take place in "the territory of a Continental National Association", rather than being restricted to Paris.
1934	9 June	FIFA	Cannes	Hôtel des Anglais
1935	8 June	FA	Shanklin	Daish's Hotel
1936	13 June	SFA	Troon	Marine Hotel
1937	12 June	FAW	Llandudno	Imperial Hotel
1938	11 & 13 June	IFA	Portrush	Northern Counties Hotel
1939	10 June	FIFA	Nice	Hotel Negresco							Last meeting held before World War II. A meeting was scheduled for London in 1940, but was abandoned when FIFA and IFA delegates were unable to attend.
1947	14 June	FA	Torquay	Imperial Hotel							First meeting held after World War II.
1948	12 June	FIFA	Montreux	Palace Hotel							First meeting held outside Britain, Ireland and France. Meeting would have regularly been hosted by the SFA, but it was unanimously agreed to accept an invitation from FIFA to host this meeting.
1949	11 June	SFA	Pitlochry	Hydro Hotel Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=IFAB Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia. Navigácia: Veda > Analytika Antropológia Aplikované vedy Bibliometria Dejiny vedy Encyklopédie Filozofia vedy Forenzné vedy Humanitné vedy Knižničná veda Kryogenika Kryptológia Kulturológia Literárna veda Medzidisciplinárne oblasti Metódy kvantitatívnej analýzy Metavedy Metodika Metodológia vedy Náboženstvo a veda Náučná literatúra Podvody vo vede Popularizácia vedy Potravinárstvo Prírodné vedy Pseudoveda Scientometria Spoločenské vedy Teórie Teatrológia Technické vedy Technika Terminológia Umenie Výskum Veda Veda a technika podľa štátu Veda a technika podľa kontinentu Veda a technika podľa roka Veda v kozme Vedci Vedecká literatúra Vedecké databázy Vedecké experimenty Vedecké konferencie Vedecké metódy Vedecké ocenenia Vedecké organizácie Vedecké parky Vedeckí spisovatelia Vzdelávanie Záhady Príbuzné výrazy: Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia. www.astronomia.sk \| www.biologia.sk \| www.botanika.sk \| www.dejiny.sk \| www.economy.sk \| www.elektrotechnika.sk \| www.estetika.sk \| www.farmakologia.sk \| www.filozofia.sk \| Fyzika \| www.futurologia.sk \| www.genetika.sk \| www.chemia.sk \| www.lingvistika.sk \| www.politologia.sk \| www.psychologia.sk \| www.sexuologia.sk \| www.sociologia.sk \| www.veda.sk I www.zoologia.sk

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]