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The Indian National Satellite System or INSAT, is a series of multipurpose geostationary satellites launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to satisfy telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, and search and rescue operations. Commissioned in 1983, INSAT is the largest domestic communication system in the Indo-Pacific Region. It is a joint venture of the Department of Space, Department of Telecommunications, India Meteorological Department, All India Radio and Doordarshan. The overall coordination and management of INSAT system rests with the Secretary-level INSAT Coordination Committee.
INSAT satellites provide transponders in various bands to serve the television and communication needs of India. Some of the satellites also have the Very High Resolution Radiometer (VHRR), CCD cameras for meteorological imaging. The satellites also incorporate transponder(s) for receiving distress alert signals for search and rescue missions in the South Asian and Indian Ocean Region, as ISRO is a member of the Cospas-Sarsat program.
INSAT system
The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system was commissioned with the launch of INSAT-1B in August 1983 (INSAT-1A, the first satellite was launched in April 1982 but could not fulfil the mission). INSAT system ushered in a revolution in India's television and radio broadcasting, telecommunications and meteorological sectors. It enabled the rapid expansion of TV and modern telecommunication facilities to even the remote areas and off-shore islands. Together, the system provides transponders in C, Extended C and Ku bands for a variety of communication services. Some of the INSATs also carry instruments for meteorological observation and data relay for providing meteorological services. KALPANA-1 is an exclusive meteorological satellite. The satellites are monitored and controlled by Master Control Facilities that exist in Hassan and Bhopal.
List of INSAT Satellite
This is a total list of INSAT satellites with their outcome.
| Satellite | Longitude | Date of launch | Launch vehicle | Lift-off mass | Status | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| INSAT series | GSAT series | Known as | ||||||
| INSAT-1A | - | 74° East | 10 April 1982 |  Delta 3910 / PAM-D
|
Decommissioned (6 September 1982) |
First Satellite in INSAT Series and First Satellite of INSAT-1 Series. | ||
| INSAT-1B | - |
74° East (1983-92) |
30 August 1983 | Space Shuttle / PAM-D
|
Decommissioned (August 1993) |
|||
| INSAT-1C | - | 93.5° East | 21 July 1988 |  Ariane 3
|
Decommissioned (2001) |
|||
| INSAT-1D | - | 83° East | 9 July 1992 | Delta 4925
|
Decommissioned (14 May 2002) |
|||
| INSAT-2A | - | 74° East | 22 July 1993 | Ariane 44L H10
|
Decommissioned (30 May 2002) |
First Satellite in INSAT-2 Series. | ||
| INSAT-2B | - | 93.5° East | 12 June 1990 | Ariane 44L H10+
|
Decommissioned (1 July 2004) |
|||
| INSAT-2C | - | 93.5° East | 6 December 1995 | Ariane 44L H10-3
|
In Service | |||
| INSAT-2D | - | 93.5° East | 3 June 1997 | Ariane 44L H10-3
|
Decommissioned (4 Oct, 1997) |
|||
| INSAT-2DT | - | INSAT-2R | 31° East 55° East |
26 February 1992 | Ariane 44L H10
|
Decommissioned (October 2004) |
||
| INSAT-2E | - | 83° East | 2 April 1999 | Ariane 42P H10-3
|
In Service | |||
| INSAT-3A | - | 93.5° East | 9 April 2003 | Ariane 5G
|
In Service | First Satellite in INSAT-3 Series. | ||
| INSAT-3B | - | 83° East | 21 March 2000 | Ariane 5G
|
In Service | |||
| INSAT-3C | - | 74° East | 23 January 2002 | Ariane 42L H10-3
|
In Service | |||
| INSAT-3D | - | 82° East | 25 July 2013 | Ariane 5 ECA
|
In Service | |||
| INSAT-3DR | - | 74° East | 8 September 2016 |  GSLV Mk II
|
In Service | |||
| INSAT-3DS | - | 74° East | 17 February 2024 | GSLV Mk II
|
In Service | |||
| INSAT-3E | - | 55° East (2003-2014) | 21 December 2003 | Ariane 5G
|
Decommissioned (1 April 2014) |
|||
| INSAT-4A | - | 83° East | 27 September 2005 | Ariane 5GS
|
Decommissioned (21 October 2019) |
First Satellite in INSAT-4 Series. | ||
| INSAT-4B | - | 85.5° East 83° East |
11 March 2007 | Ariane 5 ECA
|
Decommissioned (24 January 2022) |
|||
| INSAT-4C | - | - | 10 July 2006 | GSLV Mk I
|
Failed | |||
| INSAT-4CR | - | 48° East 74° East |
2 September 2007 | GSLV
Mk I
|
Decommissioned (24 November 2020) |
Replacement Satellite for INSAT-4C. | ||
| INSAT-4D | GSAT-5 | - | - | GSLV Mk I
|
Cancelled | |||
| INSAT-4E | GSAT-6 | 83° East | 27 August 2015 | GSLV Mk II
|
In Service | |||
| INSAT-4F | GSAT-7 | 74° East | 29 August 2013 | Ariane 5 ECA
|
In Service | |||
| INSAT-4G | GSAT-8 | 55° East | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=INSAT||||||