Madison
State capital city
Madison Isthmus Wisconsin State Capitol Olbrich Botanical Gardens Madison Museum of Contemporary Art University of Wisconsin–Madison
Flag Seal Logo
Nickname(s):  Madtown, Mad City, The City of Four Lakes, 77 Square Miles Surrounded by Reality[1]
Interactive map of Madison
Madison Show map of Wisconsin Madison Show map of the United States
Coordinates: 43°04′29″N 89°23′03″W / 43.07472°N 89.38417°W / 43.07472; -89.38417
Country	United States
State	Wisconsin
County	Dane
Municipality	City
Founded	1836
Chartered	1846
Incorporated	1856
Named for	James Madison
Government
• Type	Mayor-council
• Mayor	Satya Rhodes-Conway (D/PD)
• Body	Madison Common Council
Area [2]
• City	101.53 sq mi (262.96 km2)
• Land	79.57 sq mi (206.09 km2)
• Water	21.96 sq mi (56.88 km2)
Elevation [3]	873 ft (266 m)
Population  (2020)[4]
• City	269,840
• Estimate  (2023)	280,305
• Rank	US: 80th WI: 2nd
• Density	3,391/sq mi (1,309/km2)
• Urban	450,305 (US: 89th)
• Urban density	3,008/sq mi (1,161/km2)
• Metro	680,796 (US: 87th)
• CSA	910,246 (US: 61st)
• Demonym	Madisonian
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Zip Codes	ZIP Codes[5] 53562, 53593, 53701, 53702, 53703, 53704, 53705, 53706, 53707, 53708, 53711, 53713, 53714, 53715, 53716, 53717, 53718, 53719, 53726
Area code	608, 353
FIPS code	55-48000
GNIS feature ID	1581834[3]
Website	cityofmadison.com

Madison is the capital city of the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Dane County. As of the 2020 census, the population was 269,840, making it the second-most populous city in Wisconsin after Milwaukee, and the 80th-most populous in the United States. The Madison metropolitan area had a population of 680,796. The city is located on an isthmus and lands surrounding five lakes—Lake Mendota, Lake Monona, Lake Wingra, Lake Kegonsa and Lake Waubesa. Madison was founded in 1836 and is named after American Founding Father and President James Madison.

As the state capital, Madison is home to government chambers including the Wisconsin State Capitol building. The University of Wisconsin–Madison, the flagship campus of the University of Wisconsin System, is located in the city. Other cultural institutions include the Henry Vilas Zoo, Madison Museum of Contemporary Art, Olbrich Botanical Gardens, Overture Center for the Arts, and Wisconsin Historical Museum. Madison is home to an extensive network of parks, the most parks and playgrounds per capita of any of the 100 largest U.S. cities, and is considered a bicycle-friendly community.^[6][7] Madison is also home to nine National Historic Landmarks, including several buildings designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright, such as the UNESCO World Heritage Site Jacobs I House.^[8]

Residents of Madison are known as Madisonians.^[9] Madison has long been a center for progressive political activity, protests, and demonstrations, and contemporary Madison is considered the most politically liberal city in Wisconsin.^{[10][11][12][13]} The presence of the University of Wisconsin–Madison (the largest employer in the state) as well as other educational institutions has a significant impact on the economy, culture, and demographics of Madison.^{[12][13][14][15][16]}

As of 2021, Madison is the fastest-growing city in Wisconsin.^[17] Madison's economy features a large and growing technology sector, and the Madison area is home to the headquarters of Epic Systems, American Family Insurance, Exact Sciences, Promega, American Girl, Sub-Zero, Lands' End, Spectrum Brands, a regional office for Google, and the University Research Park,^[18][19][20] as well as many biotechnology and health systems startups. Madison is a popular visitor destination, with tourism generating over $1 billion for Dane County's economy in 2018.^[21]

History

Native Americans

Before Europeans, humans inhabited the area in and around Madison for about 12,000 years.^[22] The Ho-Chunk called the region Teejop (pronounced Day-JOPE ) meaning "land of the four lakes" (Mendota, Monona, Waubesa, and Kegonsa).^[23] Numerous effigy mounds, constructed for ceremonial and burial purposes over 1,000 years earlier, dotted the rich prairies around the lakes.^[24][25]

Founding

Madison's modern origins begin in 1829, when former federal judge James Duane Doty purchased over a thousand acres (4 km²) of swamp and forest land on the isthmus between Lakes Mendota and Monona, with the intention of building a city in the Four Lakes region. He purchased 1,261 acres for $1,500. When the Wisconsin Territory was created in 1836 the territorial legislature convened in Belmont, Wisconsin. One of the legislature's tasks was to select a permanent location for the territory's capital. Doty lobbied aggressively for Madison as the new capital, offering buffalo robes to the freezing legislators and choice lots in Madison at discount prices to undecided voters.^[26] He had James Slaughter plat two cities in the area, Madison and "The City of Four Lakes", near present-day Middleton. Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Madison,_Wisconsin
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