A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
Central Banda | |
---|---|
Native to | Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan |
Native speakers | (580,000 cited 1984–1996)[1] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | Variously:liy – Banda-Bambaribpd – Banda-Bandabqk – Banda-Mbrèsbfl – Banda-Ndélétor – Togbo-Vara Bandabjo – Mid-Southern Bandagox – Gobukuw – Kpaguamnh – Mononue – Ngundu |
Glottolog | cent2022 |
Central Banda is a dialect continuum of the Banda languages spoken by around one million people,[citation needed] primarily in the Central African Republic. The varieties may be mutually intelligible, especially the Mid-Southern–Gobu–Kpagua–Mono–Ngundu cluster. The other varieties are Bambari, Banda-Banda, Mbrès, Ndélé, and Togbo-Vara Banda.
Phonology
The following is the Banda-Tangbago dialect:
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Labial- velar |
Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | tʃ | k | kp | ʔ | |
voiced | b | d | dʒ | ɡ | ɡb | |||
prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ⁿdʒ | ᵑɡ | ᵑᵐɡb | |||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | h | |||
voiced | v | z | ʒ | |||||
prenasal | ᶬv | ⁿz | ||||||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |||||
Tap/Flap | ⱱ | ɾ | ||||||
Lateral | l | |||||||
Approximant | j | w |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | ɨ | u |
Close-mid | e | ə | o |
Open-mid | ɔ | ||
Open | a |
Tone
Vowel tones are: rising /ǎ/, falling /â/, mid /ā/, low /à/, and high /á/.[2][3]
Varieties
Central Banda language varieties listed by Moñino (1988):[4]
- Yakpà (also in DR Congo); Gubú (also in DR Congo); Kpágùà (also in DR Congo); Ngùndù, Bòngò, Wasá (also in South Sudan); Dùkpù (also in South Sudan) Further information:Dukpu people
- Lìndá, Jòtò, Ndòkpà, Ngápó
- Southern Gbàgà, Nbìyì, Bèrèyà, Ngòlà, Ndi, Kâ, Gbambiya, Hàì, Galabò, Vídìrì (Mvédèrè) (also in South Sudan), Bàndà-Bàndà, Burú (only in South Sudan), Wùndù (only in South Sudan), Gòv̂òrò (only in South Sudan)
- Bàndà-Ndele (Govo, Ngàjà, Gbòngó, Mbàtá, Gbàyà, Tulu, and Dabùrù groups), Bàndà-Kpaya (only in South Sudan), Ngàò, Ngbalá, Tàngbàgò (also in South Sudan), Júnguru (also in South Sudan)
- Mbere, Búkà, Mòrùbà, Sàbángà, Wádà (also in South Sudan)
- Vàrà (also in South Sudan), Tògbò (also in South Sudan)
- Yàngere
Nougayrol (1989) also lists Kɔ̀nɔ́, Manja, Ndòkà, Njùlúgù, and Sàra Dìnjo.[5]
Demographics
Demographics of Central Banda language varieties as synthesized from Moñino (1988)[4] and Nougayrol (1989):[5]
Language | Villages | Population | Clans | Notes | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bàndà-Bàndà | |||||
Bàndà-Kpaya | (only in South Sudan) | ||||
Bàndà-Ndele | |||||
Bèrèyà | |||||
Bòngò | |||||
Búkà | |||||
Burú | Kúyàrà | 25 | Màtià | Kpata road; near Gbàyà of Krakə̀mâl; also in Bahr el Ghazal, migrated during the Zubayr era (ca. 1930) | (only in South Sudan) |
Dabùrù | Ndagra | 20 | Kɔ̀tɔ̀, Ngòmbe, Ngulú (Kpata), Ndubu (Kpata and Ndagra) | Kpata road | |
Dabùrù | Kpàtà | 380 | Kpata road | ||
Dabùrù | Miskin | 30 | recent satellite of Jamsinda | ||
Dùkpù | (also in South Sudan) | ||||
Gài | Zòkùtùɲálà | Tulu | Haraz road | ||
Gài | Batéle ́ | Tulu | Ndélé | ||
Galabò | |||||
Gbàgà | Mia Fɔ̀ndɔ̀ | 90 | Gbə̀lè, Gùməli, Mabiri, Vidi, Yàkpà | ||
Gbàgà | Kàká | some | |||
Gbàgà | Kòv̂òngò Mia | 70 | Vidi, Yúdà | ||
Gbàgà | Ngú Sua | 60 | Kupi, Mbízà, Ngìàlúgù/Ngèlúgù/Njùlúgù, Vóndò | ||
Gbàgà | Gbàkó Lìkpà | 65 | Vidi | ||
Gbàgà | Bangora̱ | 155 | Dámbasí/Dámbacé, Kòlògbò, làngbà | ||
Gbàgà | Dàngàvo | 50 | Kòlògbò, Yàkpà | ||
Gbàgà | Yambala Màgùndà | 80 | Mɔnɔ, Vàngà | ||
Gbàgà | Vátá | 170 | Banga, Manja, poro, Tàngbàgò, Tògbò, Yàngbà | ||
Gbàgà | Vavú | ? | |||
Gbàgà | Bu Mbàlà | 45, with Gbaya | Banga, Dákpá, Mòngò, Vidi | ||
Gbàgà | Bàmingi 1, 2 | 650 | Gbàyà, Gùməli, Ngìàlúgù/Ngèlúgù/Njùlúgù, Sìmi/Cìmi, Vidi | ||
Gbàgà | Yangú Gàlá | 30 | Báláwà | with the Mbele | |
Gbàgà | Yambala Kùdùvèlé | 90 | Dámbasí/Dámbacé, Kpòʔòrò, Ngìàlúgù/Ngèlúgù/Njùlúgù, Sìmi/Cìmi, Wádà, Wójò, Yúdà | ||
Gbàgà | Jamsinda | some | Golongoso road | ||
Gbambiya | |||||
Gbàyà | Krakə̀mâ 1 | 210 | Àbátà, Lòngbò, Tulu, Yàma | Kpata road | |
Gbàyà | Krakə̀mâ 2 | 80 | Gbòngó, Gbókóló, ɲamô | ||
Gbàyà | Ngú Yambrì | 40 | ɲamô | ||
Gbàyà | Bu Mbàlà | Lìwu | some families; on Gangui road, on the outskirts of Gbaga | ||
Gbòngó | Takara | 170 | 7 - Danbùrù, Gbàngárà, Ndì, Ngàmbeà, Ngulú, Wɔlɔ́, Yàndè | Kpata road | |
Govo | Ndélé | ? | |||
Gòv̂òrò | (only in South Sudan) | ||||
Gubú | (also in DR Congo) | ||||
Hàì | |||||
Jòtò | |||||
Júnguru | Batéle 2 (Ndélé) and Idòngó | originally from Kpula, and were subjects of Zubayr | (also in South Sudan) | ||
Kâ | |||||
Kɔ̀nɔ́ | Batéle 2 (Ndélé) | some families | |||
Kpágùà | (also in DR Congo) | ||||
Lìndá | Lìndá 1 | Ngbɔ̀lɔ̀ngɔ̀jɔ̀ | |||
Lìndá | Lìndá 2 | Mbìà | |||
Lìndá | formerly Kùcù Kakú | ||||
Lìndá | some in Ndele | Ngàò | |||
Manja | Batéle 1 (Ndélé cluster) | 180 | Bòkèngè, Bìsènge | some families in Kubu and Jamsinda (Golongoso road) | |
Mbanja | (only in DR Congo) | ||||
Mbanza | (also in DR Congo) | ||||
Mbàtá | Zòkùtùɲálà | 340 | 250 | Haraz road | |
Mbàtá | Ndélé | 1 neighborhood | |||
Mbele | Yangú Doro | 40 | |||
Mbele | Yangú Líká | 30 | Ngìndì | ||
Mbele | Yangú Gàlá | Mbrua | some families living with the Muruba | ||
Mbele | Yambala Kùdùvèlé | some families living with the Muruba | |||
Mbele | Jamsinda | Mbrua | some families (on Golongoso road) | ||
Mùrùbà | Dungu Yangú | 105 | Yagua | with the Ngao | |
Mùrùbà | Biʃi Ngú 1 | 75 | Kàgárà | with the Ngapo | |
Mùrùbà | Gbà Lə́bà | 100 | Gbanga | ||
Mùrùbà | Yangú Ngav̂ala | 30 | Gbózu Yavóró, Kàdá | ||
Mùrùbà | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Wada_language