In statistical physics, the BBGKY hierarchy (Bogoliubov–Born–Green–Kirkwood–Yvon hierarchy, sometimes called Bogoliubov hierarchy) is a set of equations describing the dynamics of a system of a large number of interacting particles. The equation for an s-particle distribution function (probability density function) in the BBGKY hierarchy includes the (s + 1)-particle distribution function, thus forming a coupled chain of equations. This formal theoretic result is named after Nikolay Bogolyubov, Max Born, Herbert S. Green, John Gamble Kirkwood, and Jacques Yvon [fr].

Formulation

The evolution of an N-particle system in absence of quantum fluctuations is given by the Liouville equation for the probability density function ${\displaystyle f_{N}=f_{N}(\mathbf {q} _{1}\dots \mathbf {q} _{N},\mathbf {p} _{1}\dots \mathbf {p} _{N},t)}$ in 6N-dimensional phase space (3 space and 3 momentum coordinates per particle)

${\displaystyle {\frac {\partial f_{N}}{\partial t}}+\sum _{i=1}^{N}{\frac {\mathbf {p} _{i}}{m}}{\frac {\partial f_{N}}{\partial \mathbf {q} _{i}}}+\sum _{i=1}^{N}\mathbf {F} _{i}{\frac {\partial f_{N}}{\partial \mathbf {p} _{i}}}=0,}$

where ${\displaystyle \mathbf {q} _{i},\mathbf {p} _{i}}$ are the coordinates and momentum for ${\displaystyle i}$-th particle with mass ${\displaystyle m}$, and the net force acting on the ${\displaystyle i}$-th particle is

${\displaystyle \mathbf {F} _{i}=-\sum _{j=1\neq i}^{N}{\frac {\partial \Phi _{ij}}{\partial \mathbf {q} _{i}}}-{\frac {\partial \Phi _{i}^{\text{ext}}}{\partial \mathbf {q} _{i}}},}$

where ${\displaystyle \Phi _{ij}(\mathbf {q} _{i},\mathbf {q} _{j})}$ is the pair potential for interaction between particles, and ${\displaystyle \Phi ^{\text{ext}}(\mathbf {q} _{i})}$ is the external-field potential. By integration over part of the variables, the Liouville equation can be transformed into a chain of equations where the first equation connects the evolution of one-particle probability density function with the two-particle probability density function, second equation connects the two-particle probability density function with the three-particle probability density function, and generally the s-th equation connects the s-particle probability density function

${\displaystyle f_{s}(\mathbf {q} _{1}\dots \mathbf {q} _{s},\mathbf {p} _{1}\dots \mathbf {p} _{s},t)=\int f_{N}(\mathbf {q} _{1}\dots \mathbf {q} _{N},\mathbf {p} _{1}\dots \mathbf {p} _{N},t)\,d\mathbf {q} _{s+1}\dots d\mathbf {q} _{N}\,d\mathbf {p} _{s+1}\dots d\mathbf {p} _{N}}$

with the (s + 1)-particle probability density function:

${\displaystyle {\frac {\partial f_{s}}{\partial t}}+\sum _{i=1}^{s}{\frac {\mathbf {p} _{i}}{m}}{\frac {\partial f_{s}}{\partial \mathbf {q} _{i}}}-\sum _{i=1}^{s}\left(\sum _{j=1\neq i}^{s}{\frac {\partial \Phi _{ij}}{\partial \mathbf {q} _{i}}}+{\frac {\partial \Phi _{i}^{ext}}{\partial \mathbf {q} _{i}}}\right){\frac {\partial f_{s}}{\partial \mathbf {p} _{i}}}=(N-s)\sum _{i=1}^{s}\int {\frac {\partial \Phi _{i\,s+1}}{\partial \mathbf {q} _{i}}}{\frac {\partial f_{s+1}}{\partial \mathbf {p} _{i}}}\,d\mathbf {q} _{s+1}\,d\mathbf {p} _{s+1}.}$

The equation above for s-particle distribution function is obtained by integration of the Liouville equation over the variables ${\displaystyle {\mathbf{q}}_{s+1}\dots <!--\; \dots \; -->{\mathbf{q}}_N,{\mathbf{p}}_{s+1}\dots <!--\; \dots \; -->{\mathbf{p}}_{}}$Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=BBGKY_hierarchy
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