Beornwulf of Mercia

Beornwulf
Beornwulf
	Silver penny of Beornwulf from a mint in East Anglia, struck 823–825.; Legend: +beornpvlf rex
King of Mercia
Reign	823–826
Predecessor	Ceolwulf I
Successor	Ludeca
Died	826

Beornwulf (died 826) was the King of Mercia, a kingdom of Anglo-Saxon England, from 823 until his death in 826. His short reign saw the collapse of Mercia's supremacy over the other kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy.

Biography

Beornwulf became King of Mercia in 823 following the deposition of King Ceolwulf I.^[1] His family, as well as the majority of his background, are unknown.^[2] However, Beornwulf may be distantly related to a prior Mercian king, Beornred, as well as two subsequent rulers, Beorhtwulf and Burgred— all members of the so-called B-dynasty or group.^[3] Though this is only speculation, alliterative names were prevalent in Anglo-Saxon royal families, and the confirmed kin of these leaders also had names that began with B.^[4]^[5]

Prior to becoming king, Beornwulf is mentioned as having witnessed a charter of King Coenwulf in 812 and another of King Ceolwulf I in 823, but his position on each of these charters suggests that he was not of an exceptionally high rank.^[2]

In 825 Beornwulf marched against the West Saxons. Beornwulf's army met them at Ellandun (now Wroughton near Swindon in Wiltshire). Although the details are unknown, the battle ended in a disastrous defeat for the Mercians, and is seen by historians as the end of the so-called Mercian Supremacy. That same year, Ecgberht's son Æthelwulf invaded Kent and drove out its pro-Mercian king, Baldred.

In the wake of these events, Mercia's dominance in southern England rapidly unravelled. Essex and Sussex switched their loyalty to Ecgberht; and the East Anglians asked for Ecgberht's protection against the Mercians in the same year. Beornwulf was killed by the East Anglians in battle while attempting to put down a rebellion.

Beornwulf rebuilt the Abbey of St. Peter (later Gloucester Cathedral)^[6] and he presided over two synods at Clofesho (an unknown location believed to be near London with Archbishop Wulfred of Canterbury, in 824 and 825.^[7] A Kentish charter shows that Beornwulf still had authority in Kent on 27 March 826 – S1267^{[clarification needed]}, issued on that date, is said to be in the third year of Beornwulf's reign.^[8] Coins minted during Beornwulf's reign are very rare, with only around 25 known examples.

References

^ Kelly, S. E. (2004). "Beornwulf (d. 826?), king of the Mercians". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2183. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 21 December 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ ^a ^b Stenton, F.M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England (3rd ed.). Oxford at The Clarendon Press. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-19-821716-9. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
^ Zaluckyj, Sarah (2001). Mercia: The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Central England. Logaston Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-1-873827-62-8. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
^ Wormald, Patrick (1982). "The Ninth Century". In Campbell, James (ed.). The Anglo-Saxons. Cornell University Press. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-8014-1482-4. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
^ Yorke, Barbara (1990). Kings And Kingdoms Of Early Anglo-Saxon England. Routledge. p. 119. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
^ "Houses of Benedictine monks: The abbey of St Peter at Gloucester". A History of the County of Gloucester, Volume 2. (William Page, ed.) London: Victoria County History, 1907. 53-61. British History Online
^ Hunt, William (1885). "Beornwulf" . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 4. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
^ Sawyer 1267, esawyer.org.uk, archived from the original on 19 January 2015, retrieved 14 January 2015

External links

Beornwulf 3 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England

Regnal titles
Beornwulf of Mercia B-dynasty of the Mercians Died: 826
Preceded by Ceolwulf I	King of Mercia 823–826	Succeeded by Ludeca
	Ruler of East Anglia 823–825	Succeeded by Æthelstan as King
	Ruler of Kent 823–825 with Baldred (c. 823–825)	Succeeded by Ecgberht with Æthelwulf

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[1] Kelly, S. E. (2004). "Beornwulf (d. 826?), king of the Mercians". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2183. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 21 December 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[:0-2] Stenton, F.M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England (3rd ed.). Oxford at The Clarendon Press. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-19-821716-9. Retrieved 21 December 2023.

[3] Zaluckyj, Sarah (2001). Mercia: The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Central England. Logaston Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-1-873827-62-8. Retrieved 21 December 2023.

[4] Wormald, Patrick (1982). "The Ninth Century". In Campbell, James (ed.). The Anglo-Saxons. Cornell University Press. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-8014-1482-4. Retrieved 21 December 2023.

[5] Yorke, Barbara (1990). Kings And Kingdoms Of Early Anglo-Saxon England. Routledge. p. 119. Retrieved 21 December 2023.

[6] "Houses of Benedictine monks: The abbey of St Peter at Gloucester". A History of the County of Gloucester, Volume 2. (William Page, ed.) London: Victoria County History, 1907. 53-61. British History Online

[7] Hunt, William (1885). "Beornwulf" . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 4. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

[8] Sawyer 1267, esawyer.org.uk, archived from the original on 19 January 2015, retrieved 14 January 2015

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v t e Monarchs of Mercia
Kingdom of Mercia 527–918	Icel Cnebba Cynewald Creoda Pybba Cearl Penda Eowa Peada Oswiu Wulfhere Æthelred I Coenred Ceolred Ceolwald Æthelbald Beornred Offa¹ Ecgfrith Coenwulf¹ Cynehelm Ceolwulf I¹ Beornwulf² Ludeca Wiglaf Ecgberht Wigmund Wigstan Beorhtwulf Burgred Ceolwulf II Æthelred II³ Æthelflæd³ Ælfwynn³	Offa (757–796)
Later monarchs	Æthelstan⁴ Eadgar⁴	Offa (757–796)
¹Also King of Kent and East Anglia ²Also King of East Anglia ³Recognising West Saxon overlordship ⁴King of Mercia during the temporary separation of Mercia and Wessex

v t e Monarchs of East Anglia
Wehha Wuffa Tytila Rædwald Eorpwald Ricberht Sigeberht Ecgric Anna Æthelhere Æthelwold Ealdwulf Ælfwald Beonna Alberht Æthelred I Æthelberht II Offa Eadwald Cœnwulf Ceolwulf Beornwulf Æthelstan Æthelweard Edmund the Martyr Oswald Æthelred II Guthrum I Eohric Æthelwold Guthrum II
co-kings also king of Kent and king of Mercia also king of Mercia ^s sub-kings ^d Danes

Biography

See also

References

External links