Bowling Tunnel

Bowling Tunnel south portal
Overview
Line	Calder Valley line
Location	Bowling, Bradford, West Yorkshire, England
Coordinates	53°46′12″N 1°44′53″W / 53.770°N 1.748°W / 53.770; -1.748
Status	Open
Operation
Opened	9 May 1850
Owner	Network Rail
Traffic	Passenger
Technical
Design engineer	John Hawkshaw
Length	1,648 yards (1,507 m)
No. of tracks	2
Track gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Grade	1-in-400 (northwards)
Route map
v t e Calder Valley line Legend Cross Country Route to York Leeds Central Leeds Hallam Line Holbeck Cross Country Route to Sheffield Armley Moor Bramley Stanningley Pudsey loop New Pudsey Shipley and Windhill line Laisterdyke Bradford Adolphus Street St Dunstans Bowling Bradford Interchange Queensbury lines Bowling Junction to Dudley Hill Low Moor Spen Valley Line Wyke and Norwood Green Pickle Bridge line Lightcliffe Hipperholme Halifax and Ovenden Junction Railway Halifax Copley Greetland Stainland branch Sowerby Bridge Elland Rishworth branch Brighouse Pickle Bridge line Luddendenfoot Cooper Bridge Mytholmroyd Huddersfield line to Leeds Hebden Bridge Eastwood Huddersfield line to Manchester Piccadilly Stansfield Hall Cornholme Todmorden Portsmouth Holme Walsden Towneley Burnley Manchester Road Littleborough Smithy Bridge East Lancashire line Rochdale–Bacup line Oldham Loop line Rochdale Castleton East Lancashire Railway Mills Hill Middleton Oldham Branch Railway Middleton Junction Moston Newton Heath Oldham Loop line Huddersfield line Miles Platting Manchester Oldham Road Manchester Victoria

Bowling Tunnel is a railway Tunnel on the Calder Valley line, south of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England. The Tunnel was completed in 1850 after some difficulty in construction, and allowed trains from the south to access the second railway terminus in the town of Bradford. The Tunnel remains open to railway traffic with trains between Halifax and Bradford Interchange using it.

History

A tunnel through the hill at Bowling was first suggested for a line linking Leeds with Bradford in 1843, however, George Stephenson advised against this line due to the presence of old coal workings in the hill, which would hinder progress and allow water ingress from old mines.^[1] A line between Halifax and Bradford, as part of the Manchester & Leeds Railway, was proposed in 1840s and by the time the line was built, it was under the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway.^[2]

The contractors for the tunnel, John Moulson & Son, were based at Bowling,^[3] and during the construction process, over 3,424,000 cubic feet (97,000 m³) of earth had been removed with ten shafts built downwards to dig the tunnel out.^[4][5] The tunnel was completed on 22 March 1850, and three shafts were left in-situ to help vent steam from the tunnel, the deepest shaft being 65 feet (20 m) deep.^[6] Two deaths were attributed to the building of the tunnel, with the local press marvelling that more were not killed, such was the undertaking.^[5] The engineer for the project was John Hawkshaw.^[4]

On 19 April 1850, the government inspector travelled over the line through the tunnel and he approved the construction for opening on 1 May 1850,^[7] However, the first revenue earning traffic through the tunnel to Bradford Drake Street (later renamed Exchange), didn't go through until 9 May 1850. Until the tunnel was opened, railway traffic terminated at Low Moor, and passengers were conveyed to Bradford in a horse-drawn carriage. One statistic that emerged at the time was that the tunnel was long enough to hold over 128,000 people, more than lived in Bradford at that time.^[5] Just outside of the northern portal, was Bowling Junction station, which provided access to the Leeds, Bradford and Halifax's railway line to Leeds via Stanningley.^[8] The station closed in December 1951 and the line remained open for trains avoiding the reversal at Bradford Interchange until September 1985, however, it became a long siding to Bowling Junction with no access to Laisterdyke railway station at its eastern end.^[9][10] Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Bowling_Tunnel
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