Central Valley Project - Biblioteka.sk

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Central Valley Project
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Central Valley Project
Map showing CVP facilities in the state of California.
Map of CVP canal system in the San Joaquin Valley. CVP aqueducts are in blue while SWP aqueducts are in red.
General statistics
Begun1933
Storage damsAuburn (canceled)
Contra Loma
Folsom
Friant
Funks
New Melones
San Justo
San Luis
Shasta
Sly Park
Trinity
Whiskeytown
Additional damsCamp Creek Diversion
County Line (unbuilt)
Keswick
Lewiston
Little Panoche
Los Baños
Nimbus
Red Bluff
O'Neill
Spring Creek
Sugar Pine
Power plantsFriant (25 MW)
Folsom minha (199 MW)
Judge Francis Carr (154 MW)
Keswick (117 MW)
New Melones (300 MW)
Nimbus (7.7 MW)
Shasta (676 MW)
Spring Creek (180 MW)
Trinity (140 MW)
William R. Gianelli (424 MW)
Canals643.6 mi (1,035.8 km)
Operations
Storage capacity13,410,683 acre-feet (16,541,834 dam3)
Annual water yield7,000,000 acre-feet (8,600,000 dam3)
Land irrigated3,000,000 acres (1,200,000 ha)
Total generation capacity2,254 MW
Total annual generation5.18 TWh (2004)

The Central Valley Project (CVP) is a federal power and water management project in the U.S. state of California under the supervision of the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). It was devised in 1933 in order to provide irrigation and municipal water to much of California's Central Valley—by regulating and storing water in reservoirs in the northern half of the state (once considered water-rich but suffering water-scarce conditions more than half the year in most years), and transporting it to the water-poor San Joaquin Valley and its surroundings by means of a series of canals, aqueducts and pump plants, some shared with the California State Water Project (SWP). Many CVP water users are represented by the Central Valley Project Water Association.

In addition to water storage and regulation, the system has a hydroelectric capacity of over 2,000 megawatts, and provides recreation and flood control with its twenty dams and reservoirs. It has allowed major cities to grow along Valley rivers which previously would flood each spring, and transformed the semi-arid desert environment of the San Joaquin Valley into productive farmland. Freshwater stored in Sacramento River reservoirs and released downriver during dry periods prevents salt water from intruding into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta during high tide. There are eight divisions of the project and ten corresponding units, many of which operate in conjunction, while others are independent of the rest of the network. California agriculture and related industries now directly account for 7% of the gross state product for which the CVP supplied water for about half.

Many CVP operations have had considerable environmental consequences, including a decline in the salmon population of four major California rivers in the northern state, and the reduction of riparian zones and wetlands. Many historical sites and Native American tribal lands have been flooded by CVP reservoirs. In addition, runoff from intensive irrigation has polluted rivers and groundwater. The Central Valley Project Improvement Act, passed in 1992, intends to alleviate some of the problems associated with the CVP with programs like the Refuge Water Supply Program.

In recent years, a combination of drought and regulatory decisions passed based on the Endangered Species Act of 1973 have forced Reclamation to turn off much of the water for the west side of the San Joaquin Valley in order to protect the fragile ecosystem in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and keep alive the dwindling fish populations of Northern and Central California rivers. In 2017 the Klamath and Trinity rivers witnessed the worst fall run Chinook salmon return in recorded history, leading to a disaster declaration in California and Oregon due to the loss of the commercial fisheries. The recreational fall Chinook salmon fishery in both the ocean and the Trinity and Klamath rivers was also closed in 2017. Only 1,123 adult winter Chinook salmon returned to the Sacramento Valley in 2017, according to a report sent to the Pacific Fishery Management Council (PFMC) by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). This is the second lowest number of returning adult winter run salmon since modern counting techniques were implemented in 2003. By comparison, over 117,000 winter Chinooks returned to spawn in 1969.

Overview

Operations

The CVP stores about 13 million acre-feet (16 km3) of water in 20 reservoirs in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, the Klamath Mountains and the California Coast Ranges, and passes about 7.4 million acre-feet (9.1 km3) of water annually through its canals. Of the water transported, about 5 million acre-feet (6.2 km3) goes to irrigate 3,000,000 acres (1,200,000 ha) of farmland, 600,000 acre-feet (0.74 km3) supplies municipal uses, and 800,000 acre-feet (0.99 km3) is released into rivers and wetlands in order to comply with state and federal ecological standards.[1][2]

Two large reservoirs, Shasta Lake and Trinity Lake, are formed by a pair of dams in the mountains north of the Sacramento Valley. Water from Shasta Lake flows into the Sacramento River which flows to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and water from Trinity Lake flows into the Trinity River which leads to the Pacific Ocean. Both lakes release water at controlled rates. There, before it can flow on to San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean, some of the water is intercepted by a diversion channel and transported to the Delta-Mendota Canal, which conveys water southwards through the San Joaquin Valley, supplying water to San Luis Reservoir (a SWP-shared facility) and the San Joaquin River at Mendota Pool in the process, eventually reaching canals that irrigates farms in the valley. Friant Dam crosses the San Joaquin River upstream of Mendota Pool, diverting its water southwards into canals that travel into the Tulare Lake area of the San Joaquin Valley, as far south as the Kern River. Finally, New Melones Lake, a separate facility, stores water flow of a San Joaquin River tributary for use during dry periods. Other smaller, independent facilities exist to provide water to local irrigation districts.[1][3]

Background

The Central Valley Project was the world's largest water and power project when undertaken during Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal public works agenda. The Project was the culmination of eighty years of political fighting over the state's most important natural resource - Water. The Central Valley of California lies to the west of the Sierra Nevada Mountains with its annual run-off draining into the Pacific Ocean through the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta. It is a large receding geological floodplain moderated by its Mediterranean climate of dry summers and wet winters that includes regular major drought cycles. At the time of its construction, the project was at the center of a political and cultural battle over the state's future. It intersected with the state's ongoing war over land use, access to water rights, impacts on indigenous communities, large vs. small farmers, the state's irrigation districts and public vs. private power. Its proponents ignored environmental concerns over its impacts, other than the outcome not damage the major stakeholders at that time.

The Central Valley of California has gone through two distinct culturally driven land use eras. The first was the indigenous tribal period that lasted for thousands of years. Then came the arrival of Europeans, first by the Spanish colonial model of Catholic missions and ranchos (1772–1846) was then followed by the current United States era. Due to its Mediterranean climate, the first cultural period was hunter-gatherer based. The Spanish missions' ranching and tanning business was based on the forced labor of Las Californias tribes. Spain's model of land use with the grazing of livestock for meat, wool and leather started along Alta California's coast eventually spreading inland. The U.S. era evolved from primarily ranching to large-scale plantations or more commonly known today as corporate farming that turned the Central Valley into the breadbasket of the U.S.

Following the 1848 California Gold Rush, large numbers of U.S. citizens came into the region and made attempts to practice rainfed agriculture, but most of the Central Valley land was taken up by large cattle ranchers like Henry Miller who eventually controlled 22,000 square miles of land.[4] The large-scale levee construction by Chinese workers along the Delta was where limited irrigation for orchards first started.

Following the arrival of the Transcontinental railroad, immigration from Asia and the rest of the U.S. led to growing numbers of settlers in the region. Despite the rich soils and favorable weather of the 42,000-square-mile (110,000 km2) Central Valley, immigrants to the valley who were unfamiliar with its seasonal patterns of rainfall and flooding began to take up irrigation practices. Farmers soon found themselves troubled by frequent floods in the Sacramento Valley and a general lack of water in the San Joaquin Valley.[3] The Sacramento River, which drains the northern part, receives between 60 and 75% of the precipitation in the Valley, despite the Sacramento Valley covering less area than the much larger San Joaquin Valley, drained by the San Joaquin River, which receives only about 25% of the rainfall. Furthermore, cities drawing water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta faced problems in dry summer and autumn months when the inflowing water was low. In order to continue to sustain the valley's economy, there needed to be systems to regulate flows in the rivers and equally distribute water among the north and south parts of the valley.[3]

History

In 1873, Barton S. Alexander completed a report for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers that was the first attempt at creating a Central Valley Project. In 1904, the Bureau of Reclamation (then the Reclamation Service) first became interested in creating such a water project, but did not get far involved until a series of droughts and related disasters occurred in the early 1920s.[3] The State of California passed the Central Valley Project Act in 1933, which authorized Reclamation to sell revenue bonds in order to raise about $170 million for the project.[3] Unfortunately, because of insufficient money in the state's treasury and the coincidence with the Great Depression, California turned to the national government for funding to build the project. This resulted in several transfers of the project between California and the federal government, and between Reclamation and the Army Corps of Engineers. The first dams and canals of the project started going up in the late 1930s, and the last facilities were completed in the early 1970s. Other features of the project were never constructed, some lie partly finished, or are still awaiting authorization.[3]

Timeline

CVP timeline prior to 1920
CVP Timeline - 1920
  • 1920 Jan 4 - Sacramento Valley Irrigation Association calls for water congress at the Capital[39]
  • Jan 10 - The U.S. Corps of Engineers proposes 3 dams and a series of locks on the Sacramento River[40]
  • Jan 14 - Western States request $250 million for irrigation projects[41]
  • Jan 23 - The Yuba-Nevada-Sutter Water and Power Association established for 80,000 acre water and power project[42]
  • Jan 23 - Santa Barbara plan to add powerhouse as way to pay for the city's Gibraltar dam project[43]
  • Jan 24 - Eureka Chamber of Commerce opposes proposed dam across Eel River others opposed due to fishing impacts[44]
  • Jan 29 - PG&E which relies heavily on hydro-electricity prepares emergency power plans due to lack of rainfall[45]
  • Feb 8 - Interior Secretary Franklin Lane requests $12.8 million for annual western irrigation funding[46]
  • Feb 8 - The Sacramento Union asks public to "Pray for rain" on the front page of its newspaper
  • Feb 11 - Nevada County farmers protest PG&E's attempt to divert their water supplies at California Railroad Commission[47]
  • Feb 24 - Miller & Lux legal fight against the Madera Irrigation District to take water from the San Joaquin River[48]
  • Feb 25 - Major Water and Power rationing announced due to Northern California drought[49]
  • Feb 26 - The Sacramento Valley water and irrigation congress asks governor to call a special legislative session on drought[50]
  • Mar 13 - Proposal to build three powerhouses and divert American River water for irrigation in Placer County[51]
  • Mar 25 - Ninety California power companies meet and agree to let state power administrator manage power during crisis[52]
  • April 21 - PG&E announces plans to spend $15 Million in next two years on new power development[53]
  • April 30 - Sacramento politicians call for takeover of PG&E's electric and transit system[54]
  • May - The National Electric Light Association releases its National Water power report[55]
  • May 1 - PG&E announces $10 million plan to construct hydro-electric dams on Pit River[56]
  • May 11 - The California Railroad Commission (CPUC) emergency plan opposed by the Association of Irrigation Districts of Northern California[57]
  • May 13 - PG&E acknowledged during hearings that it used ratepayer money for political campaigns[58]
  • May 17 - Yolo County announces plan to create 100,000 acre irrigation district[59]
  • May 18 - Proposal to construct dam across the Carquinez Strait to stop saltwater incursions[60]
  • May 27 - Impacts of Clearcutting Sierra Nevada's Forests and flooding Central Valley made public[61]
  • June 7 - Water wars between Northern California irrigation districts and Contra Costa and Delta farmers over salt water incursions[62]
  • June 10 - 1920 Federal Water Power Act Signed into law that allows for expediting nationwide development of hydro-electric projects on U.S. rivers
  • June 20 - PG&E applies to state railroad commission for rule changes to protect itself during power and water shortage[63]
  • July 4 - U.S. War Department begins investigation of building 4 dams and mobile locks on Sacramento River[64]
  • July 10 - PG&E curtails afternoon water pumping in five irrigation districts[65]
  • July 13 - City of Antioch starts lawsuit against rice farmers that threatens Water supply[66]
  • July 24 - The Madera Irrigation District starts the Madera dam project on San Joaquin River which later becomes Friant Dam[67]
  • July 27 - California representative protests Nevada's plan to take Lake Tahoe water[68]
  • July 28 - 800,000 acres of Miller-Lux land and water rights to be subdivided and sold to small farmers[69]
  • July 31 - The Glenn-Colusa irrigation district announce plan for a 1 million acre reservoir in Shasta county[70]
  • Aug 5 - Irrigation companies organize their own plan for water development[71]
  • Aug 15 - Colonel Robert B Marshall of USGS Plan introduced at Sacramento Valley Development Assoc.[72][73]
  • Aug 24 - War Department's plan for four Dam dragged into lawsuit between Antioch and California rice farmers[74]
  • Sept 26 - Major support for state Marshall Plan announced[75]
  • Oct 7 - Carquinez Straights dam not feasible[76]
  • Oct 11 - Court case between Rice farmers and Antioch continues[77]
  • Oct 17 - Marshall Plan will ask state legislature for $500,000 survey[78]
  • Oct 30 - The California State Irrigation Association expands its operations and support for statewide Marshall water plan[79]
  • Nov 10 - California League of Municipalities to cooperate in legislation on public power and water[80][81]
  • Nov 11 - Valley Cities urged to develop public power[82]
  • Nov 20 - Klamath Chamber of Commerce opens hearings on public vs. private power and water development[83]
  • Nov 21 - Locals opposed to California-Oregon Power Company's Klamath River power monopoly[84]
  • Dec 21 - Giant Boulder Dam plan on Colorado River by Southern California Edison announced[85]
  • 1920 PUC report on SVWCo
CVP Timeline - 1921
  • 1921 - The Municipal Utility District Act (MUD Act) passed by the California Legislature
  • Jan 5 - Marshall Plan proposes Shasta dam to be located at Kennett rather than Iron Mountain[86]
  • Jan 7 - State Senator M.B Johnson introduces California Water and Power senate bill[87]
  • Jan 7 – 13 years of bloodshed and litigation end with PG&E winning water rights[88]
  • Jan 11 - The California State Irrigation Association and Sacramento Union promotes Marshall Plan review[89]
  • Jan 21 - $500,000 for Marshall water plan study introduced at state legislature[90]
  • Jan 29 - League of California Municipalities develop plan for public power legislation[91]
  • Jan 29 - Sacramento City Attorney attacks California Railroad commission for bias towards PG&E[92]
  • Jan 30 - Marshall Plan endorsement by League of California Municipalities[93]
  • Feb 23 - Marshall Plan endorsed by Southern California municipalities[94]
  • Mar 10 - The California State Irrigation Association sends Col. Marshall's list of 346 reservoir candidates to the League of California Municipalities[95]
  • Mar 14 - Details of the Marshall Plan promoted by the California State Irrigation Association[96]
  • Mar 15 - Municipal Utility District law results in heavy debate[97]
  • Mar 20 - State, federal and global impacts on the passage of the 1920 Water and Power Act[98]
  • Apr 2 - San Francisco Commonwealth Club opposes Marshall Plan during legislative hearings in Sacramento[99]
  • Apr 2 - Attempt by electric company supporter to kill Johnson's Water and Power Bill fails in Senate[100]
  • Apr 21 - Growing concern in San Joaquin Valley over Southern California power companies taking hydro-electric sites[101]
  • Apr 22 - Marshall Plan for Sacramento River irrigation survey given $200,000 by legislature[102]
  • Apr 26 - Johnson Power & Water Bill 397 loses by 4 votes in assembly committee[103]
  • Apr 28 - Municipal Utility District Act passed by state senate[104]
  • Apr 30 - Sacramento Union editorial calls for statewide vote after electric company lobby kills Johnson Power Bill[105]
  • May 4 - Sacramento City Commission resolution calls for emergency meeting of League of California Municipalities (248 cities)over Johnson bill[106]
  • May 9 - Sacramento City Attorney says public ownership could reduce electric rates from 8 cents to .8 cent[107]
  • May 17 - Sacramento City Commission report on building its own hydro-electric site on Silver Creek[108]
  • May 20 - Plan set up for statewide public power initiative at emergency meeting of League of California Municipalities[109]
  • May 20 - California State Irrigation Association endorses Marshall plan and Municipal League's statewide vote[110]
  • May 24 - Governor signs Municipal Utility District Act into law[111]
  • June 4 - $200,000 survey fund for Marshall Plan signed by governor[112]
  • July 1 - Miller and Lux loses its lawsuit to stop the Madera Irrigation District from using water from the San Joaquin river[113]
  • July 22 - Summary of the proposed Water and Power Act is modeled like the Ontario Canada hydro-electric system[114]
  • July 27 - State Water & Power Act initiative petition drive announced[115]
  • July 28 - Sacramento City Attorney Robert Shinn comes out against statewide Water and Power initiative[116]
  • Aug 4 - Riverside Chamber of Commerce circulates claim of "City Against Country" over Los Angeles public power[117]
  • Aug 29 - Committee redraft of initiative accepted by Shinn with petition gathering for 120,000 signatures to begin[118]
  • Sept 29 - California state control of water and power urged by former Interior Secretary Gifford Pinchot[119]
  • Sept 14 - $500 million public Water and Power plan will be on the 1922 election[120]
  • Nov 15 - state funded Marshall survey of water resources begins[121]
  • Nov 22 - Water and Power initiative attacked by state senator[122]
  • Dec 29 - Herbert Hoover placed in charge of Colorado River Commission that is reviewing plan for Boulder dam[123]
  • Dec 29 - State railroad commission okays PG&E plan for $5 million to expand its Pit River hydro-electric developments[124]
  • Dec 31 - Water & Power Initiative qualifies for November 1922 statewide ballot[125]
CVP Timeline - 1922-1932
  • 1922 Jan 1 - World's highest dam proposed at Boulder Canyon[126]
  • Jan 6 - The Water and Power Initiative qualifies for the November 1922 ballot[127]
  • Jan 22 - PG&E front group "Greater California League" attacks water and power act[128]
  • Feb 23 - Antioch decides to build reservoirs to store water to counter summer salt-water incursions[129]
  • Feb 24 - PG&E president attacks water and power act initiative at Modesto Progressive men's Business club[130]
  • Mar 7 - California State Irrigation Association comes out against water and power initiative[131]
  • Mar 17 - Boulder (Hoover) Dam okayed[132]
  • Apr 1 - Summary of the Water and Power Act debate held by the Commonwealth Club of California[133]
  • Apr 2 - Application for major Shasta water diversion by engineers from San Joaquin Light & Power company[134]
  • Apr 16 - Full page attack against Water and Power act published by S.F. Chronicle[135]
  • Apr 30 - San Francisco Chronicle claims water and Power act is an attempt to "foist communism on people"[136]
  • May 4 - Supreme Court to rule on PG&E ratebase inclusion of $52 million decision by state railroad commission[137]
  • Jun 11 - Robert Marshall comes out against the Water and power act (he later reverses himself)[138]
  • Sep 28 - Water and Power Act leader, Rudolph Spreckels blames power companies for his ouster at bank[139]
  • Sep 30 - First phase in PG&E's $100 million Pit River hydro-electric project turned on[140]
  • Oct 2 - Riverside Daily Press prints story that lies about Rudolph Spreckels and power and water act history[141]
  • Proposition 19 - Water and Power Initiative Summary and full wording
  • Nov 9 - Proposition 19 (Water and Power Act) loses (243,604 to 597,453[142])[143]
  • Nov - 1922 Water and power Act initiative fails due to $3 million dollar electric industry PR campaign[144]
  • Water & Power Act electric company fraud investigated in 1934 by FTC. Testimony placed expenditure at over $1 million against initiative - working on cite -
  • Dec 1 - Water Power Act supporters plan for a new initiative attempt for 1924[145]
  • 1923 Feb - California media fails to expose $14,000 bribe, uncovered during senate investigation, to California State Irrigation Association by electric front group for reversing support of water and power initiative[146]
  • Feb 12 - State Senate investigation exposes opponents spent $234,000 to stop the Water and Power initiative[147]
  • Feb 13 - San Francisco Civic League of Improvement given $4,000 to distribute 200,000 flyers against Water and Power initiative[148]
  • Feb 13 - Former SF Mayor and labor leader given $10,000 to oppose initiative while unions were all for it[149]
  • Feb 13 - Southern California newspaper reports $393,000 spent against water and power initiative[150]
  • Feb 16 - New PG&E filings with senate investigation place total spent against water and power initiative at over $500,000[151]
  • Feb 24 - P.H. McCarthy forced to resign from San Francisco Trades Council due to his role in water and power initiative[152]
  • Feb - Senate Hearings Summary - 1934 12-12 - Federal Trade Commission Investigation: pg 268-273 of 1922 initiative[153]
  • July 23 - Sacramento County voters form the Sacramento Municipal Utility District.
  • 1924 Proposition 16 Water and Power Summary and full text
  • Sept 3 - Col. Robert Marshall comes out in favor of power and water initiative[154]
  • Sept 6 - Arguments for and against Prop 16, the water and power act with Robert Marshall making the for statement[155]
  • Oct 28 – Robert Marshall speaks in favor of Water and Power Act[156]
  • Nov – California Municipalities League attempt at Water & Power fails again[157]
  • 1925 June 20 - San Francisco board of supervisors illegally sells Hetch Hetchy power to PG&E[158][159]
  • Note - Add link to actual propositions from hastings...
  • 1926 Proposition 18 Water and Power summary and full text
  • 1926 - California Water & Power Initiative fails for 3rd time[160]
  • 1927 - Cal Bulletin #18 Cal irrigation District Laws[161]
  • 1929 - $390,000 authorized to investigate state's water resources
  • 1930 - Federal-State Water Resources Commission report proposes federal project
  • 1931 - state water plan legislature report proposing new CVP plan[162]
  • Jan 30 - The Hoover-Young Commission report estimate that state water plan will cost $374 million[163]
CVP Timeline - 1933-1939
  • 1933 Mar. 4 - Franklin D. Roosevelt sworn in as president includes major public works projects
  • July 8 - Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) okays funding for Central Valley Act (CVP)[164]
  • Jul 15 - Details of CVP legislation announced with plan to cooperate with USBR[165]
  • Jul 20 - CVP bill stalls in legislature when rules committee blocks it[166]
  • Jul 22 - CVP legislation revived in state senate after federal support promised[167]
  • July 27 - California Legislature votes for CVP Act assembly passing it 58-9 senate passes vote 23-15.[168]
  • Aug - PG&E funds petition drive for referendum that was run by a company lawyer named Aherne[169]
  • Aug 5 - Governor signs $170 million CVP Act into law[170]
  • Dec 15 - Local state representative urges a yes vote on CVP while large PG&E opposed is to the right of article[171]
  • Dec 15 - SF Chamber of Commerce openly opposes CVP Act[172]
  • Dec 17 - CVP special election debate pros and cons along with map of project[173]
  • Dec 19 - Voter Information Guide for Proposition One - CVP special election
  • Dec 19 - CVP referendum to go ahead wins 459,712 for to 426,109[174]
  • Dec 21 - Great Water Project vote increases CVP vote status[175]
  • CVP victory due to dead Catalina cow with Slovenian community vote over fisherman's felony conviction[176]
  • 1933 - SF Labor Council obtains PG&E political expenditures report to state
  • 1933 - PG&E spent $275,737.18 on political and other donations according to State Railroad Commission
  • 1934 Nov 6 - Sacramento, CA votes to form Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) and purchase PG&E properties with $12 million in bonds[177]
  • 1935 Jan 2 - PG&E files suit to try to overturn the formation of SMUD and its buyout of PG&E[177]
  • Aug 30 - Rivers and Harbors Act authorizes $12 million funding by Army Corps of Engineers for CVP - never happens[178]
  • Dec 2 - USBR takes over CVP, loans $4.2 million - new estimate increases to $228 million source 1942 CVP Writers Project[179]

Dec 2 - USBR regulations stipulate that water only be given out to farmers with 160 acres of land or less - see 4-7-1944

  • 1936 June 22 - Sacramento and San Joaquin Flood Control Studies okayed by Rivers and Harbors Act 1936
  • Sept 12 - Ceremonies at Kennett for Shasta Dam
  • Oct 19 - Contra Costa Canal Work begins
  • Oct 22 - Governor hears $477 million CVP plan[180]
  • 1938 Mar 2 - State water authority commissioner opposed to agreement between PG&E and SMUD[181]
  • Jul 6 - contract $35.9 million for Shasta reservoir given[179]
  • Sept 8 - Shasta Construction work starts[182]
  • 1939 - Fortune Magazine Map of PG&E territory[183]
  • Nov 5 - Construction of $8.7 million Friant Dam begins[184]
  • Nov 27 - Pacific Gas & Electric Co. proposes to buy and distribute all of Shasta Dam power[185]
CVP Timeline - 1940-1944
  • 1940 - US v. San Francisco Interior Sec. Ickes wins case to force San Francisco via the Raker Act to stop its sale of Hetch Hetchy water to PG&E
  • Jan 7 - California legislature blocks Governor Olson proposal to unfreeze $170 CVP Bonds[185]
  • Jan 19 - Central Valley association spokesperson opposed to $50 million CVP bonds is actually a PG&E lobbyist[186]
  • Jan 22 - Interior Sec. Ickes advises state to set up Public utility market for Shasta at half PG&E prices[187]
  • Jan 24 - The Water Project Authority of California votes to delay Olson $50 million bond proposal until new study is done[188]
  • Jan 27 - Governor Olson opens legislative session with request for CVP Power bonds[189]
  • Jan 30 - Madera Irrigation District calls for vote about governor Olson's $50 million CVP bond proposal[190]
  • Feb 14 - Governor Olson and CVP senate supporters fail to get $50 million funding out of committee[191]
  • Feb 28 — State Water Project Authority creates four new jobs along with survey money from legislature allotment[192]
  • Mar 12 - U.S. Senate approves $5 million for CVP[193]
  • May 3 - Federal request for $191 million, including over $25 million to California for flood control following wet winter[194]
  • July 8 - First concrete poured at Shasta Dam[195]
  • Jul 22 - Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers diverted as work on CVP dams get underway[196]
  • Aug 20 - CVP Contra Costa canal delivers first water to city of Pittsburg[197]
  • Sep 25 - CVP will irrigate 3 million acres and allow for increased Central Valley population[198]
  • Oct 5 - Madera Tribune posts photo of USBR's Friant Dam construction[199]
  • Oct 19 - President Roosevelt signs rivers and harbors authorization bill (HR9972)with funds for CVP but includes limitation[200]
  • Nov 27 - Governor Olson goes to Washington to propose federal takeover of CVP due to state funding opposition[201]
  • Dec 6 - Another CVP dam proposed south of Shasta dam near Iron Mountain[202]
  • Dec 19 - Governor Olson obtains support for his CVP plan after meeting with president Roosevelt[203]
  • Dec 21 - State water commission requests a federal delay on PG&E's request for hyro work near Shasta dam[204]
  • 1941 Jan 8 - state senate proposal to expand the size of the CVP project to include Sacramento Valley[205]
  • Jan 20 - Congressional oversight of $446 million CVP project based on TVA model is ready[206]
  • Feb 14 - CVP contracts have helped companies in 40 different U.S. states[207]
  • Feb 21 - $50 million CVP federal funding in exchange for PG&E Feather River power[208]
  • Mar 20 - The state water authority budgets $200,000 for CVP work, including cooperative federal projects[209]
  • Apr 17 - Interior Secretary Ickes prepares legislation for federal oversight of the CVP[210]
  • Apr 30 - Congress approves a $34.7 million budget for CVP[211]
  • May 22 - State legislature agrees to include funding for CVP electricity[212]
  • Jul 28 - The CVP project is made a national defense priority with sped up on Keswick Dam contracts to start in August[213]
  • July 30 - Central Valley Indian Lands Acquisition Act promised to pay for all Wintu lands covered by Shasta dam
  • Jul 31 - FDR signs CVP legislation that takes tribal lands that will be submerged by Shasta and Friant dams[214]
  • Aug 12 - First major contract for the $12.5 million Keswick dam awarded[215]
  • Sep 17 - CVP statistical report says 1.7 million acre feet of water being diverted from Sacramento River[216]
  • Oct 22 - $319,802 contract for 6 miles of Contra Costa Canal awarded[217]
  • Dec 30 - Regional director of the USBR, Charles E. is Carey selected by Ickes to develop market search for CVP power customers[218]
  • 1942 Jan 8 - CVP Shasta and Friant are the 2nd and 4th world's largest dams and rapidly being completed for the war[219]
  • Feb 26 - CVP's chief engineer gives detailed status report on CVP to Madera citizens[220]
  • Mar 20 - PG&E offers to buy all CVP power during House Appropriation Committee hearings[221]
  • Mar 25 - House committee deletes $15 million for transmission lines and CVP steam plant[222]
  • Mar 26 - Rep. Voorhis exposes prominent reason PG&E is behind blocking CVP power lines as Sacramento wants to break away from PG&E and buy power at a cheaper rate[223]
  • Mar 26 - PG&E gets permission from Federal Power Commission to build steam plant to block USBR's Antioch facility[223]
  • Aug 20 - The Madera Tribune congratulates Bertrand W. Gearhart on his role in promoting the CVP[224]
  • Nov 13 - Shasta dam nearly ready - construction work photo[225]
  • Nov 21 - Major segments of the CVP project halted by the War Production Board including transmission lines and Friant Dam[226] PG&E allowed to take over CVP power at Shasta
  • Nov 27 - state railroad commission sets price of PG&E electric property in Sacramento at $11.6 million[227]
  • Dec 22 - Ag Association spokesperson threatens city over city's push to buy power from CVP[228]
  • 1943 Jun 9 - $30.9 million funds sought for CVP as war power needs expanding[229]
  • Jun 19 - War Powers Board okays CVP Friant-Kern Canal funding[230]
  • Jul 20 - CVP Shasta to Oroville power line bids opened[231]
  • Sep 2 - Interior Secretary Ickes' order to build CVP transmission line attacked by Rep. Carter who represents Tulare county but lives in Oakland[232]
  • Sep 8 - San Francisco sends resolution to War Production Board calling for urgent completion of Friant-Kern Canal[233]
  • Sep 24 - CVP coordinator announces operational schedules including Friant dam diversion to start in 1944[234]
  • Sept 28 - Ickes announces PG&E contract to buy all Shasta dam power agreed to[235]
  • Dec 29 - War Production Board refuses to fund the CVP's Friant-Kern Canal[236]
  • 1944 Jan 14 - 90 year dream - Shasta reservoir is filling up[237]
  • Apr 7 - CVP coordinator will follow federal law and block big farms from obtaining CVP water[238]
  • Apr 14 - Madera Tribune calls Interior Secretary Ickes "Little Harold" over CVP following federal water use rules[239]
  • May 2 - Madera Tribune attacks "Oakies" and Interior Secretary "Little Harold" Ickes as a Czarist for retaining 160 acre water limit[240]
  • May 12 - President Roosevelt supports 40 year old 160 acre federal rule that CVP water will only go to small farmers[241]
  • Jun 8 - State Senate committee wants 160 acre limit lifted[242]
  • June 26 - Shasta dam starts producing Power from two generators[243]
  • Jul 20 - Quarter page PG&E Ad promotes its takeover of CVP power[244]
  • Jul 24 - Hearings begin on the federal 160 acre water limit campaign by wealthy farmers[245]
  • Jul 25 - PG&E starts taking Shasta dam power for resale[246]
  • July 26 - Sacramento phase of hearings end. Federal laws will not be broken say federal authorities - for wealthy interests[247]
  • Jul 30 - Week long CVP hearings in Bakersfield held by Senate subcommittee on irrigation - 160 acre water limit attacked[248]
  • Oct 11 - War Production Board reverses itself and delays work on Friant-Kern Canal[249]
  • Elliot Amendment to the Harbors and Rivers Act attempts to remove 160 acre water limit of the 1902 Reclamation Act fails[250]
CVP Timeline - 1945
  • 1945 Jan 2 - USBR proposes spending $600 million for CVP[251]
  • Mar 22 - Rural congressional representatives want more control over CVP but don't want to pay for the system[252]
  • Apr 12 - USBR proposes spending $836 million on CVP[253]
  • Jun 4 - The state Chamber of Commerce promotes the takeover of the Central valley project when completed[254]
  • Jun 8 - Chairman of the Central Valley Project Congress advocates cheap power development for San Joaquin Vallery farmers[255]
  • Jul 18 - state water authority funded to evaluate possibility of purchasing the $340 million CVProject[256]
  • Sep 6 - New 300 page CVP report calls for dramatic $527 million increase to project for total of $735 million (map)[257]
  • Sep 27 - The wartime ban on construction will end in October with $15 million available to start on Friant Dam[258]
  • Oct 30 - Attack on federal limits to CVP water for farms less than 160 acres is actually 320 leaving out only giant operations[259]
  • Nov 24 - USBR introduces CVP plan to Congress with 38 proposed dams[260]
  • Nov 26 - CVP funding ends up in hostile subcommittee that cuts all transmission and power funding[261]
  • Nov 27 - U.S. House appropriations committee cuts budge for transmission lines for CVP[261]
  • Nov 28 - SF Chronicle fails to mention $5 million cut on transmission line budget, only mentions $780,000 left[262]
  • Nov 29 - Chamber of Commerce hears claim that federal control over the CVP is totalitarian[263]
  • Nov 30 - SF Chronicle promotes Mendota 42,000 acre family farmer's opinion that employs 400 regular and 1,000 Mexican migratory workers[264]
  • Dec 7 - Two day statewide water conference begins with fighting over 160 acre ban[265]
  • Dec 8 - The first statewide water conference in 18 years is moderated by Governor Warren - the war of big vs. small farmers[266]
  • Dec 26 - Madera Tribune's attempt to be neutral about the 160 acre fight[267]
CVP Timeline - 1946-1949
  • 1946 Apr 5 - small town newspaper uses front group to call Dept. of Public Works communistic for funding CVP project[268]
  • Apr 9 - 96,000 acre feet of Friant dam water released in March 1946 for irrigation of valley[269]
  • May 3 - President Truman announces plan to expand scope of CVP[270]
  • Jun 18 - CVP obtains $20 million funding for most of its projects[271]
  • Jun 22 - Sacramento Municipal Utility District $10.5 million in bonds to purchase PG&E vote agreed to[272]
  • Jun 26 - U.S. Senate funding for CVP reduced from $225 million to $12.5 million[273]
  • Sep 24 - PG&E announces $160 million budget to expand power output[274]
  • Nov 30 - Interior Sec. Krug says need for water and power from CVP being held up by "one or two large corporations"[275]
  • 1947 Jan 6 - Republican control of state legislature results in funding for only a CVP study[276]
  • Jan 6 - Democrats push investigation of monopolist takeover of CVP[277]
  • Feb 14 - President Truman requests $30 million including $5 million for CVP transmission lines for the next fiscal year[278]
  • Feb 19 - If the 160 acre law is banned 20 giant Central Valley companies will get water monopoly[279]
  • Feb 20 - Small farmers and labor oppose repeal of CVP 160 acre water limit[280]
  • Feb 27 - 61% of $384 million CVP costs will be paid by electric sales[281]
  • Mar 17 - Senator introduces bill to exempt CVP from USBR's 160 acre ban[282]
  • Jun 3 - Sixteen day 160 acre ban hearing by Senate ends, no action taken[283]
  • Jul 28 - $29 million CVP budget split between Army Corps and U.S.B.R. with $1.5 million for transmission lines[284]
  • Sep 18 - CVP project funding and speed to increased with hope to complete entire project by 1950[285]
  • Dec 3 - Governor Warren seeks emergency CVP funding[286]
  • Dec 23 - $11.4 million emergency funds for CVP project granted as senator tries to get CVP head fired over 160 acre ban[287]
  • 1948 Jan 12 - President Truman submits a $42 Million CVP budget for next year[288]
  • Jan 15 - Proposal to expand CVP to American River[289]
  • Jan 22 - San Joaquin Valley farmers sign 19 contracts for 320,000 acre feet of water[290]
  • Feb 25 - with another drought, the Stale Water Project authority requests $55.6 million for CVP[291]
  • Mar 5 - USBR will seek Truman veto if California republican try to overthrow 160 acre ban[292]
  • Mar 18 - two farm groups on opposite of the 160 acre debate[293]
  • Jun 5 - Governor Warren supports CVP transmission system - see confusion headline[294]
  • Jul 6 - CVP budget for 1948-49 year set at $68.5 million[295]
  • Jul 19 - New CVP work to include expansion of Shasta dam power Klamath River and Santa Barbara projects[296]
  • Aug 6 - $50 million fund sought to buy up large farms and resell them to small farmers[297]
  • Oct 7 - Chamber of Commerce threatens legal fights over CVP's reclamation laws[298]
  • Oct 13 - Interior Secretary Krug warns farmers that California electric companies are blocking CVP project[299]
  • Nov 30 - State Water Project Authority urges 160 acre law removal[300]
  • 1949 - Map of Central Valley Cotton producers[301]
  • Mar 30 - Major Congressional victory as subcommittee okays transmission lines as part of CVP $53.5 million budget[302]
  • Jul 2 - Cal. Assembly funds study to buy CVP[303]
  • Jul 9 - 15,000 attend Governor Warren's release of Friant dam water into San Joaquin valley[304]
  • Jul 11 - Media says 100 years in the making as 20,000 people attend opening of $58 million Friant-Kern Canal[305]
  • Jul 13 - US Senate boosts CVP annual funding to $60.8 million[306]
  • Jul 21 - Senator Downey (R-CA) demands investigation of USBR and it continued 160 acre ban[307]
  • Aug 2 - Congress tentatively agrees to fund two more CVP canals for $20–40 million[308]
  • Aug 25 - Madera Tribune writes highly manipulative article suggesting Public Power advocates had increased funding yet story details how Senator Knowland (R-Ca) amendment stripped transmission funding[309]
  • Aug 30 - President Truman proposes $1 billion CVP expansion for 38 dams and 25 power facilities[310]
  • Sep 27 - Friant dam is fourth largest dam in world - details of history and construction[311]
  • Sep 27 - U.S. Senate okays CVP addition of $110 million for American River development[312]
  • Nov 14 - USBR plans to begin moving water from Sacramento Valley into the San Joaquinn Valley in 1951[313]
  • Dec 2 - CVP deal contract with Madera Irrigation District almost settled[314]
CVP Timeline - 1950-1954
  • 1950 Feb 3 - Gov Warren supports $69 million CVP budget for 1951[315]
  • Mar 16 - California house members cut $4 million of power project out of CVP budget[316]
  • Apr 14 - The Agricultural Council of California calls the USBR's public power operations socialist[317]
  • May 8 - Warning that government should withdraw from CVP if 160 acre ban on water rights removed[318]
  • Jun 17 - PG&E attacked by Governor Warren for blocking CVP projects during Shasta Dam dedication[319]
  • Sep 19 - Detailed overview of how CVP works and impacts to Madera Irrigation District[320]

1951 Jan 3 - CVP and state agree to keep grasslands flooded to protect migratory birds[321]

  • Apr 20 - $18.3 of the $33.8 million CVP annual budget earmarked for Friant-Kern Canal[322]
  • May 13 - Friant-Kern Canal completed[323]
  • Jul 5 - The California legislature passes legislation to build the Oroville dam and power facilities as part of the CVP system[324]
  • Aug 1 - Shasta Dam starts sending water into CVP canals[325]
  • Aug 8 - Friant dam ceremony exposes new rift as state court orders excess water released as tactic to flood aquifer[326]
  • Sep 13 - PG&E advertisement claim that 55% of all Central Valley water comes from aquifers by electric pumps[327]
  • Sep 25 - Madera Tribune does extended coverage of CVP as major milestone in project is completed with historic map[328]
  • Sep 25 - History of the Reclamation Act as part of Madera Tribune celebration issue[329]
  • Sep 25 - Unnamed (big) farmers take Madera Irrigation District water contract with USBR to court[330]
  • 1952 Feb 23 - USBR proposes CVP Power plan that would takeover local PG&E project and spark major growth in Fresno[331]
  • Mar 1 - USBR reports 1951 income of $8 million from water sales for 1951[332]
  • Mar 21 - $34.9 million budget okayed by congress for construction activities[333]
  • May 2 - Sixteen large farmers representing 14,000 acres agree to take CVP water and eventually abide by 160 acre rule[334]
  • Dec 13 - SMUD makes contract to buy CVP power from USBR[335]
  • California legislature appropriated $10 million for investigation into state purchase of CVP
  • 1953 Jan 9 - President Truman asks for $83 million for CVP construction[336]
  • Jan 10 – 110 foot coffer dam at CVP's $58 million Folsom dam breached - no deaths from flooding[337]
  • Jan 24 - Madera Tribune enraged that USBR signs a long term contract to sell 17% of CVP excess power to the Sacramento Municipal Utility District[338]
  • Jan 28 - Lawsuit to stop all major water diversions a threat to the CVP[339]
  • Apr 23 - House Committee headed by Ca. representatives cuts $7 million from $19 million CVP budget, all from power projects[340]
  • May 20 - USBR request to senate that it reinstates $7 million pulled from CVP's power and transmission budget[341]
  • May 28 - State legislature tries to block irrigation district contracts with USBR[342]
  • Sep 26 - Full details of the size and cost of Friant dam - the 4th largest concrete dam in world[343]
  • Dec 28 - Republicans, corporate farms and state Chamber of Commerce push for state to buy CVP from Interior Dept.[344]
  • 1954 BR report: Four dams, five canals and other systems have been completed at a cost of $435.4 million
  • Jan 21 - President Eisenhower asks for $70.4 million CVP budget[345]
  • May 4 PG&E offers to buy CVP power and facilities for $130 million cash[346]
  • Aug 27 - Central Valley Project Act Reauthorization[347]
  • Sep 10 - Proposal for $230 million San Luis segment of the CVP announced includes map[348]
CVP Timeline - 1955-1959
  • 1955 Feb 21 - PG&E makes proposal to buy CVP power from Trinity dam for $3.5 million a year[349]
  • Apr 14 - US BR ignores PG&E's proposal to take over the electric system of the $219 million Trinity dam[350]
  • Jul 14 - Urgent need for more water results in Trinity project moving ahead as San Luis project not ready[351]
  • Jul 16 - CVP $15 million budget for 1956 will be to complete Folsom Dam and being work on Trinity Dam[352]
  • 1956 May 21 - Congress appropriates $83 million for irrigation with $20 million going to Central Valley projects including a Tulare Lake dam[353]
  • Jul 19 - US BR announces plans to construct the Glen Canyon Dam and $42 million for five CVP projects for 1957[354]
  • 1957 - Fear based 28 minute video pushing to expand state expansion of water project[355]
  • Feb 20 - PG&E attacks republican senators opposition to PG&E's proposal for joint construction of Trinity Dam project[356]
  • Jun 13 - $88 million for California was given but excluded all funding for transmission systems[357]
  • Oct 14 - U.S. Supreme Court agrees to hear the USBR's 160-acre ban on big water users[358]
  • Oct 29 - 5 million acre feet a year being extracted from Central Valley's aquifer[359]
  • Nov 1 - CVP's Feather River project considered world's largest engineering project[360]
  • 1958 Jan 23 - PG&E agrees to renegotiate rates it charges for CVP power after report discloses company's rate manipulation[361]
  • Feb 5 - Interior Secretary Fred A. Seaton recommends that PG&E be allowed to takeover Trinity Dam power[362]
  • Mar 5 - CVP Plan to add 2 million acre feet of water in San Joaquin Valley endorsed[363]
  • May 26 - Proposal for San Luis Canal project and 500,000 acres of land in western Merced, Fresno and Kings counties[364]
  • Jun 9 - Congress okays $42 million budget for coming CVP's next fiscal year[365]
  • Jun 23 - U.S. Supreme Court reverses state supreme court in upholding the 160-acre ban on USBR water to large users[366]
  • Oct 15 - Total of 444,000 Kilowatts of CVP power being transfer to PG&E[367]
  • 1959 Feb 13 - PG&E plan to build "cream skimmer" transmission lines between Bonneville and CVP attacked[368]
  • Mar 18 - representative James B. Utt introduces legislation to turn all Trinity Dam power over to PG&E[369]
  • Apr 27 - Two more dams proposed for CVP project[370]
  • May 12 - Governor Brown releases breakdown on where $1.75 billion funding for State Water Project will go to[371]
  • Jun 3 - Congress okays $103 Million with $43 to USBR and $59.8 to Corps of Engineers for state irrigation and flooding[372]
  • Oct 21 - California Grange opposed to state takeover of Oroville Dam and giving PG&E control of Trinity Dam electricity[373]
  • Jul 9 - Governor Brown signs $1.75 billion state water bond law that includes 735 foot high Oroville Dam[374]
  • Sep 30 - Interior Department signs two new contracts with PG&E for 629,000 Kilowatts of CVP electricity from four dams[375]
  • Sep 30 - Madera Irrigation District opposed Fresno plan to take San Joqauin River surplus water[376]
  • Sep 30 - Interior Department extends PG&E contracts for CVP Power up to April 1971[377]
CVP Timeline - 1960-1969