Chico, California - Biblioteka.sk

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Chico, California
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Chico, California
Senator Theatre
Diamond Hotel
Chico Plaza
Downtown Chico
Official seal of Chico, California
Nickname(s): 
"City of Trees", "City of Roses"[1]
Location of Chico in Butte County, California
Location of Chico in Butte County, California
Chico, California is located in the United States
Chico, California
Chico, California
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 39°44′24″N 121°50′8″W / 39.74000°N 121.83556°W / 39.74000; -121.83556
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountyButte
Founded1860[2]
IncorporatedJanuary 8, 1872[3]
Founded byJohn Bidwell
Government
 • TypeCouncil–manager government
 • MayorAndrew Coolidge
 • City ManagerMark Sorensen
 • State LegislatorsSen. Marie Alvarado-Gil (D)[4]
Asm. James Gallagher (R)[5]
Area
 • City34.62 sq mi (89.67 km2)
 • Land34.45 sq mi (89.23 km2)
 • Water0.17 sq mi (0.45 km2)  0.52%
Elevation243 ft (74 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • City101,000
 • Rank75th in California
318th in the United States
 • Density2,945.57/sq mi (1,137.24/km2)
 • Metro
211,632[citation needed]
DemonymChicoan
Time zoneUTC−8 (Pacific)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP Codes[8]
95926–95929, 95973, 95976
Area code530
FIPS code06-13014
GNIS feature ID2409447[7]
Websitewww.chico.ca.us

Chico (/ˈk/ CHEE-koh; Spanish for "little")[9][10] is the most populous city in Butte County, California, United States. Located in the Sacramento Valley region of Northern California, the city had a population of 101,475 in the 2020 census, reflecting an increase from 86,187 in the 2010 Census. Chico is the cultural and economic center of the northern Sacramento Valley, as well as the largest city in California north of the capital city of Sacramento. The city is known as a college town, as the home of California State University, Chico, and for Bidwell Park, one of the largest urban parks in the world.

History

Chico's origins lie in Rancho del Arroyo Chico, a Mexican-era rancho granted by Governor Manuel Micheltorena in 1844.
View of Chico in 1856
California State University, Chico was founded in 1887.

The first known inhabitants of the area now known as Chico—a Spanish word meaning "little"[11]—were the Mechoopda Maidu Native Americans.

The City of Chico was founded in 1860 by John Bidwell, a member of one of the first wagon trains to reach California in 1843. During the American Civil War, Camp Bidwell (named for John Bidwell, by then a brigadier general of the California Militia), was established a mile outside Chico, by Lt. Col. A. E. Hooker with a company of cavalry and two of infantry, on August 26, 1863.

By early 1865 it was being referred to as Camp Chico when a post called Camp Bidwell was established in northeast California, later to be Fort Bidwell.[12] The city became incorporated January 8, 1872.

Chico was home to a significant Chinese American community when it was first incorporated, but arsonists burned Chico's Chinatown in February 1886, driving Chinese Americans out of town.[13][14]

Historian W.H. "Old Hutch" Hutchinson identified five events as the most seminal in Chico history. They included the arrival of John Bidwell in 1850, the arrival of the California and Oregon Railroad in 1870, the establishment in 1887 of the Northern Branch of the State Normal School, which later became California State University, Chico (Chico State), the purchase of the Sierra Lumber Company by the Diamond Match Company in 1900, and the development of the Army Air Base, which is now the Chico Municipal Airport.[15]

Other events include the construction and relocation of Route 99E through town in the early 1960s, the founding of Sierra Nevada Brewing Company in 1979—what would become one of the top breweries in the nation[16]—and the establishment of a "Green Line" on the western city limits as protection of agricultural lands.[17]

Geography

Aerial view of Chico.

Chico is at the Sacramento Valley's northeast edge, one of the richest agricultural areas in the world. The Sierra Nevada mountains lie to the east and south, with Chico's city limits venturing several miles into the foothills. To the west, the Sacramento River lies 5 miles (8 km) from the city.[18]

Chico sits on the Sacramento Valley floor close to the foothills of the Cascade Range to the north and the Sierra Nevada range to the east and south. Big Chico Creek is the demarcation line between the ranges.[19] The city's terrain is generally flat, with increasingly hilly terrain beginning at the eastern city limits.

Bidwell Park.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 27.8 square miles (72 km2), of which 27.7 square miles (72 km2) is land and 0.04% is water.

The city is bisected by Bidwell Park, which runs 5 miles (8 km) from the flat city center deep into the foothills.

The city is also traversed by two creeks and a flood channel, which feeds the Sacramento River. They are named Big Chico Creek, Little Chico Creek, and Lindo Channel (also known as Sandy Gulch, locally).

The city has been designated a Tree City USA for 31 years by the National Arbor Day Foundation.[20][21]

Chico is made up of many districts and neighborhoods, including Downtown Chico, the South Campus neighborhood, and Barber.

Climate

Chico and the Sacramento Valley have a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa), with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Temperatures can rise well above 100 °F (38 °C) in the summer. Chico is one of the top metropolitan areas in the nation for number of clear days.[22][23] Winters are cool and wet, with the greatest rainfall occurring in January and February. July is usually the hottest month, with an average high temperature of 94 °F (34 °C) and an average low temperature of 61 °F (16 °C). January is the coolest month, with an average high temperature of 55 °F (13 °C) and an average low temperature of 35 °F (2 °C). The average annual rainfall is 27 inches (690 mm). Tule fog is sometimes present during the autumn and winter months.[24] Snow occasionally falls in the hills east of Chico, but has become quite rare in Chico itself; as of 2024, measurable snow has not occurred in Chico since December 1988.[25]

Climate data for Chico, California (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1906–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 77
(25)
83
(28)
93
(34)
98
(37)
108
(42)
115
(46)
117
(47)
116
(47)
115
(46)
107
(42)
91
(33)
78
(26)
117
(47)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 68.2
(20.1)
73.3
(22.9)
79.0
(26.1)
88.6
(31.4)
95.8
(35.4)
103.5
(39.7)
106.1
(41.2)
105.2
(40.7)
103.5
(39.7)
93.8
(34.3)
79.1
(26.2)
67.9
(19.9)
108.5
(42.5)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 56.1
(13.4)
62.2
(16.8)
66.7
(19.3)
72.8
(22.7)
81.3
(27.4)
89.3
(31.8)
95.2
(35.1)
94.3
(34.6)
90.9
(32.7)
79.7
(26.5)
65.0
(18.3)
56.6
(13.7)
75.8
(24.3)
Daily mean °F (°C) 46.1
(7.8)
50.3
(10.2)
54.2
(12.3)
59.0
(15.0)
66.8
(19.3)
73.4
(23.0)
78.1
(25.6)
76.7
(24.8)
72.9
(22.7)
63.5
(17.5)
52.4
(11.3)
46.4
(8.0)
61.7
(16.5)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 36.2
(2.3)
38.3
(3.5)
41.6
(5.3)
45.3
(7.4)
52.2
(11.2)
57.4
(14.1)
61.0
(16.1)
59.0
(15.0)
54.9
(12.7)
47.4
(8.6)
39.8
(4.3)
36.3
(2.4)
47.4
(8.6)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 26.4
(−3.1)
29.4
(−1.4)
31.8
(−0.1)
35.5
(1.9)
42.5
(5.8)
48.4
(9.1)
53.6
(12.0)
52.4
(11.3)
46.4
(8.0)
36.8
(2.7)
29.6
(−1.3)
26.6
(−3.0)
23.8
(−4.6)
Record low °F (°C) 12
(−11)
16
(−9)
23
(−5)
27
(−3)
30
(−1)
38
(3)
40
(4)
38
(3)
35
(2)
23
(−5)
20
(−7)
11
(−12)
11
(−12)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 5.12
(130)
5.14
(131)
3.63
(92)
1.95
(50)
1.35
(34)
0.64
(16)
0.03
(0.76)
0.10
(2.5)
0.25
(6.4)
1.73
(44)
2.41
(61)
5.04
(128)
27.39
(696)
Source 1: NOAA[26]
Source 2: National Weather Service[27]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
18803,300
18902,894−12.3%
19002,640−8.8%
19103,75042.0%
19209,339149.0%
19307,961−14.8%
19409,28716.7%
195012,27232.1%
196014,75720.2%
197019,58032.7%
198026,71636.4%
199040,07950.0%
200059,95449.6%
201086,18743.8%
2020101,47517.7%
2023 (est.)107,394[28]5.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[29]
St. John the Baptist Catholic Church.

2020

Chico, California – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[30] Pop 2010[31] Pop 2020[32] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 46,258 63,561 66,361 77.16% 73.75% 65.40%
Black or African American alone (NH) 1,174 1,636 1,822 1.96% 1.90% 1.80%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 625 791 938 1.04% 0.92% 0.92%
Asian alone (NH) 2,488 3,589 4,349 4.15% 4.16% 4.29%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 109 189 320 0.18% 0.22% 0.32%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 166 164 624 0.28% 0.19% 0.61%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) 1,783 2,942 6,423 2.97% 3.41% 6.33%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 7,351 13,315 20,638 12.26% 15.45% 20.34%
Total 59,954 86,187 101,475 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

The 2010 United States Census[33] reported that Chico had a population of 86,187, which represents an increase of 43.8% since 2000 and a continuation of steady population increase since 1940. The population density was 2,604.2 inhabitants per square mile (1,005.5/km2). The racial makeup of Chico was 69,606 (80.8%) White, 1,771 (2.1%) African American, 1,167 (1.4%) Native American, 3,656 (4.2%) Asian, 210 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 5,437 (6.3%) from other races, and 4,340 (5.0%) from two or more races. There were 13,315 people of Hispanic or Latino origin, of any race (15.4%).

The Census reported that 83,009 people (96.3% of the population) lived in households, 2,591 (3.0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 587 (0.7%) were institutionalized.

There were 34,805 households, out of which 9,222 (26.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 11,745 (33.7%) were heterosexual living together, 3,975 (11.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,729 (5.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2,806 (8.1%) unmarried heterosexual partnerships, and 295 (0.8%) same sex married couples or partnerships. Ten thousand four hundred nineteen households (29.9%) were made up of individuals, and 3,100 (8.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38. There were 17,449 families (50.1% of all households); the average family size was 2.97.

The population was spread out, with 16,771 people (19.5%) under the age of 18, 20,622 people (23.9%) aged 18 to 24, 22,360 people (25.9%) aged 25 to 44, 17,256 people (20.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 9,178 people (10.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.

There were 37,050 housing units at an average density of 1,119.5 units per square mile (432.2 units/km2), of which 34,805 were occupied, of which 14,878 (42.7%) were owner-occupied, and 19,927 (57.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.8%. Thirty-six thousand eight people (41.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units, and 47,001 people (54.5%) lived in rental housing units.

Economy

California State University, Chico Science Building.

Much of the local economy is driven by the presence of Chico State. Industries providing employment: educational, health and social services (30.3%), retail trade (14.9%), arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services (12.6%).

Chico's downtown is a thriving area for unique, independent retail stores and restaurants. Farmers markets attract crowds on Saturday mornings and Thursday evenings. City Plaza hosts free concerts regularly during the summer. Performance venues large and small, bars, coffee shops, bookstores, and city offices contribute to a lively and flavorful experience.

Chico has long been a regional retail shopping destination. Chico's largest retail district is focused around the Chico Mall on East 20th Street. In the two decades since the Chico Mall was constructed, many national retailers have located nearby.

W 4th Street in Downtown Chico, with the Hotel Diamond in center.

Chico is also home to the North Valley Plaza Mall, the city's first enclosed shopping center. Construction on this mall began in 1965, and it was the county's largest shopping center until the Chico Mall was completed in 1988. For a few years, the "old" mall and the "new" mall competed against one another. The North Valley Plaza Mall was dealt a blow when JCPenney, one of the old mall's anchors, moved to the Chico Mall in 1993. The "old" mall slowly declined with increasing vacancies. After several failed attempts at revitalization, the North Valley Plaza Mall was overhauled in 2002, with the center of the mall demolished.

Sierra Nevada Brewing Company, the largest craft brewer in the U.S., is based in Chico.

Agriculture

Sierra Nevada Brewing Company.

Almonds are the number one crop in Chico and the surrounding area, only recently edging out rice. Other crops in the area include walnuts, kiwis, olives, peaches, and plums.

The city is bounded on the west by orchards with thousands of almond trees, and there are still a few pockets of orchards remaining within the contiguous city limits. The trees bloom with a pink/white flower in late February or early March. Millions of bees are brought in for pollination.

Walnuts are also major agricultural products in the area north and west of town. Unlike the almond crops of the area, walnuts do not have the same appeal as they do not bloom in the spring. However, the trees themselves grow much larger, live longer, and are far more resilient to harsh weather than almond trees, which are known to be sensitive to frost and can be felled easily in winter storms. In the area, Walnuts are harvested following the almond harvest season, beginning in mid to late September and stretching well into October.[34] The walnut variety Chico is named after the city.[35]

Top employers

Trinity Hall at Chico State.
Chico Museum.

Build.com (as of April 2013) was named as No. 81 on Internet Retailer Magazine's Top 500 List of online retailers.[36] According to Zippia, the Top 10 employers in Chico are below.[37]

# Employer # of Employees
1 California State University, Chico 2,000
2 Enloe Medical Center 2,000
3 Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. 1,050
4 Tri Counties Bank 1,011
5 Victor 930
6 K*Coe Isom 420
7 Fifth Sun 240
8 Joy Signal Technology 175
9 Miller Buick Oldsmobile 175
10 The Terraces Retirement Community 175

Culture

The Senator Theater, built in 1928 by architect Timothy L. Pflueger for Michael Naify and the Nesser Brothers.
Bidwell Mansion State Historic Park.

The Chico Museum first opened in February 1986 in the former Carnegie Library building in downtown Chico. It currently features a World War I exhibit. The museum has two main galleries, which host a variety of temporary and traveling exhibits. In addition, the museum has two smaller, permanent galleries displaying the diverse history of Chico.

The Chico Air Museum is an aviation museum, which opened in 2004. Several aircraft and exhibits are displayed in and adjacent to an old hangar, one of the few remaining from World War II.

The National Yo-Yo Museum[38] is the country's largest collection of yo-yo artifacts, which also includes a 4-foot (1.2 m) tall yo-yo that is dropped with a crane every few years, the world's largest functional yo-yo. Classes are available as well for those new to yo-yo and those who just want to get better. An art museum, the Chico Art Center, is also located in the city.

Two other historical buildings are also museums. Bidwell Mansion is a Victorian house completed in 1868 and the former home of John and Annie Bidwell. Bidwell Mansion is a California State Historical Park. Stansbury House, former home of physician Oscar Stansbury, is a museum of 19th-century life, completed in 1883.[39]

Symbols of the Californian Bear flag at the historic Madison Bear Garden.
Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Chico,_California
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