Citrus exocortis viroid

Citrus exocortis viroid
Virus classification
(unranked):	Viroid
Family:	Pospiviroidae
Genus:	Pospiviroid
Species:	Citrus exocortis viroid

Citrus exocortis is a disease of citrus plants, caused by the Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd). It can cause stunted growth and reduced yields in affected plants. The disease is also sometimes called "scalybutt".^[1] CEVd can also infect tomato plants. The resulting disease is sometimes called "tomato bunchy top disease".^[2]^[3]

Symptoms

Other symptoms include leaf epinasty, stunting, and necrosis of the leaf midvein. Affected trees will show rootstock "shelling" where the bark peels off of the rootstock – the lower tree that the main orange cultivar was grafted onto. Generally trifoliate orange rootstocks and their hybrids are susceptible.^[4]

Management

Infected trees should be culled from the orchard. When pruning in infected orchards, tools must be vigorously bleached between cuts to prevent cross-contamination and the spread of infections. Heat does not kill the viroid.^[4]

References

^ "Citrus exocortis" (PDF). NSW Department of Primary industries. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
^ Mishra MD, Hammond RW, Owens RA, Smith DR, Diener TO (August 1991). "Indian bunchy top disease of tomato plants is caused by a distinct strain of citrus exocortis viroid". Journal of General Virology. 72 (8): 1781–5. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-72-8-1781. PMID 1875190.
^ Flores, R.; Randles, J. W.; Bar-Joseph, M.; Diener, T. O. (1998). "A proposed scheme for viroid classification and nomenclature". Archives of Virology. 143 (3). Springer: 623–629. doi:10.1007/s007050050318. ISSN 0304-8608. PMID 9572562. S2CID 27149859.
^ ^a ^b "Exocortis / Citrus / Agriculture: Pest Management Guidelines / UC Statewide IPM Program (UC IPM)". www2.ipm.ucanr.edu. Retrieved 2020-04-21.

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[1] "Citrus exocortis" (PDF). NSW Department of Primary industries. Retrieved 3 October 2011.

[2] Mishra MD, Hammond RW, Owens RA, Smith DR, Diener TO (August 1991). "Indian bunchy top disease of tomato plants is caused by a distinct strain of citrus exocortis viroid". Journal of General Virology. 72 (8): 1781–5. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-72-8-1781. PMID 1875190.

[Flores-et-al-1998-3] Flores, R.; Randles, J. W.; Bar-Joseph, M.; Diener, T. O. (1998). "A proposed scheme for viroid classification and nomenclature". Archives of Virology. 143 (3). Springer: 623–629. doi:10.1007/s007050050318. ISSN 0304-8608. PMID 9572562. S2CID 27149859.

[:0-4] "Exocortis / Citrus / Agriculture: Pest Management Guidelines / UC Statewide IPM Program (UC IPM)". www2.ipm.ucanr.edu. Retrieved 2020-04-21.

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v t e Citrus
True species	Australian and Papuan wild limes Citron Clymenia Ichang papeda Kaffir lime Kumquats Common mandarin Mangshanyegan Mountain citron Pomelo Ryukyu mandarin
Major hybrids	Grapefruit Lemon Lime Orange
True and hybrid cultivars	Alemow Amanatsu Assam lemon Bergamot orange Bizzarria Bitter orange Blood lime Blood orange Byeonggyul Biasong Cam sành Cara cara navel Citrange Citrumelo Clementine Coorg orange Daidai Dekopon Encore Fairchild tangerine Florentine citron Forbidden fruit Ginger lime Haruka Hassaku orange Hebesu Heen naran Hyuganatsu Imperial lemon Indian wild orange Iyokan Jabara Jaffa orange Jamaican tangelo Kabbad Kabosu Kaji Nemu Kakadu lime Kalpi Kanpei Kawachi Bankan Key lime Khasi papeda Kinkoji unshiu Kinnow Kishu mikan Kiyomi Kobayashi mikan Koji Komikan Laraha Lemonade fruit Limón de Pica Lumia Mandelo Mandora Melanesian papeda Melogold Meyer lemon Micrantha Midknight Valencia Orange Murcott Myrtle-leaved orange tree Nagpur orange Nasnaran New Zealand grapefruit Ōgonkan Orangelo/Chironja Oroblanco Palestinian sweet lime Persian lime Pixie mandarin Pompia Ponderosa lemon Ponkan Rangpur Reikou Rhobs el Arsa Rough lemon Samuyao Sanbokan Satsuma mandarin Setoka Shangjuan Shonan Gold Smith Red Valencia Sudachi Suruga yuko Sweet lemon Sweet limetta Tangelo Tangerine Tangor Tsunonozomi Valencia orange Variegated pink lemon Volkamer lemon Winged lime Xã Đoài orange Yūkō Yuzu
Citrons	Balady citron Corsican citron Diamante citron Fingered citron/Buddha's hand Greek citron Moroccan citron Yemenite citron
Mandarin oranges	Cleopatra mandarin Shīkwāsā Nanfengmiju Tachibana Willowleaf orange
Papedas	Celebes papeda Citrus halimii/Mountain "citron" Ichang papeda
Pomelos	Banpeiyu Dangyuja
Kumquat hybrids (× Citrofortunella)	Calamansi Citrangequat Limequat Mandarinquat Procimequat Sunquat Yuzuquat
Sahul citrus (former Microcitrus, Eromocitrus, Clymenia and Oxanthera genera)	Australian outback lime Australian round lime Brown River finger lime Desert lime Maiden's wild lime Mount White lime (Microcitrus) New Guinea wild lime Russell River lime Clymenia Orange-flowered oxanthera Large-leaf oxanthera Wavy-leaf oxanthera Oxanthera brevipes
Related genera (perhaps properly Citrus)	Poncirus/Trifoliate orange
Drinks	Calamansi juice Chūhai Curaçao Dried lime tea (noomi basra) Grapefruit juice Lemonade Limeade Orange juice Yuja-hwachae Yuja tea
Products	Calcium citrate Citric acid Lemonene Limonene Neroli Orange flower water Orange oil Orangeat Succade Zest
Diseases	Black spot Canker CTV/Tristeza Exocortis Greening Mal secco Phytophthora citricola
Citrus botanists	Clara H. Hasse Robert Willard Hodgson Lena B. Smithers Hughes David Mabberley Clément Rodier Robert Soost Walter Tennyson Swingle Chōzaburō Tanaka Ikuro Takahashi Johann Christoph Volkamer Herbert John Webber
Related topics	The Citrus Industry Citrus production Citrus rootstock Citrus taxonomy Cold-hardy citrus Hesperidium Japanese citrus List of citrus fruits Mother Orange Tree Orangery University of California Citrus Experiment Station University of California, Riverside Citrus Variety Collection
Category Production Commons

Symptoms

Management

See also

References