Comparison of super heavy lift launch systems - Biblioteka.sk

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Comparison of super heavy lift launch systems
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Falcon 9 Block 5, the most prolific active orbital launch system in the world.

This article lists all active and upcoming orbital launch systems. For retired launch vehicles, see Comparison of retired orbital launch systems.

This comparison of orbital launch systems lists the attributes of all current and future individual rocket configurations designed to reach orbit. A first list contains rockets that are operational or have attempted an orbital flight attempt as of 2024; a second list includes all upcoming rockets. For the simple list of all conventional launcher families, see: Comparison of orbital launchers families. For the list of predominantly solid-fueled orbital launch systems, see: Comparison of solid-fueled orbital launch systems.

Spacecraft propulsion[note 1] is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites. Orbital launch systems are rockets and other systems capable of placing payloads into or beyond Earth orbit. All launch vehicle propulsion systems employed to date have been chemical rockets falling into one of three main categories:

  • Solid-propellant rockets or solid-fuel rockets have a motor that uses solid propellants, typically a mix of powdered fuel and oxidizer held together by a polymer binder and molded into the shape of a hollow cylinder. The cylinder is ignited from the inside and burns radially outward, with the resulting expanding gases and aerosols escaping out via the nozzle.[note 2]
  • Liquid-propellant rockets have a motor that feeds liquid propellant(s) into a combustion chamber. Most liquid engines use a bipropellant, consisting of two liquid propellants (fuel and oxidizer) which are stored and handled separately before being mixed and burned inside the combustion chamber.
  • Hybrid-propellant rockets use a combination of solid and liquid propellant, typically involving a liquid oxidizer being pumped through a hollow cylinder of solid fuel.

All current spacecraft use conventional chemical rockets (solid-fuel or liquid bipropellant) for launch, though some[note 3] have used air-breathing engines on their first stage.[note 4]

Current rockets

Orbits legend:

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Comparison_of_super_heavy_lift_launch_systems
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Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Height Maximum payload mass
(kg)
Reusable / Expendable Orbital
launches
including
failures[a]
Launch site(s) Dates of flight
LEO GTO Other First Latest
Angara A5 / Briz-M  Russia Khrunichev 48.7 m 24,500[1] 5,400[2] N/A Expendable 2[1] 2014 2020
Angara A5 / Orion  Russia Khrunichev 54.9 m N/A 6,500[3] N/A Expendable 1[1] 2024 2024
Angara A5 / Persei  Russia Khrunichev 54.9 m N/A 6,500[3] N/A Expendable 1[1] 2021 2021
Angara-1.2  Russia Khrunichev 42.7 m 3,500[2] N/A 2,400 to SSO[4] Expendable 2[5] 2022 2022
Atlas V 551  United States ULA 58.3 m 18,850[6] 8,900[6] 13,550 to SSO[7]
3,850 to GEO[6]
Expendable 14 2006 2023
Atlas V N22[b]  United States ULA 52.4 m 13,000[9] N/A N/A Expendable 3[9] 2019[10] 2022
Ceres-1 (3)[c]  China Galactic Energy 20 m 400[12] N/A 300 to SSO[12] Expendable 10[13] 2022 2024
Ceres-1S[d]  China Galactic Energy 20 m 400[12] N/A 300 to SSO[12] Expendable 2[13] 2023 2024
Chollima-1  North Korea NADA > 38 m > 300[14] N/A N/A Expendable 3[15] 2023 2023
Electron  United States
 New Zealand
Rocket Lab 18 m 320[16] N/A 200 to SSO[16] Partially reusable 49[17] 2017 2024
Epsilon (2)  Japan IHI[18] 24.4 m 1,500[19] N/A N/A Expendable 1[19] 2016 2016
Epsilon (2) / CLPS  Japan IHI[18] 24.4 m N/A N/A 590 to SSO[19] Expendable 4[19] 2018 2022
Falcon 9 Block 5  United States SpaceX 70 m 17,500[20] 5,500[21] N/A Partially reusable 294[21] 2018 2024
22,800[21] 8,300[21] 4,020 to TMI[21] Expendable
Falcon Heavy[22]  United States SpaceX 70 m 30,000[23] 8,000[24] N/A Partially reusable 10[24] 2018 2023
63,800[24] 26,700[24] 16,800 to TMI[24] Expendable
Firefly Alpha  United States Firefly Aerospace 29 m 1,030[25] N/A 630 to SSO[25] Expendable 4[26] 2021 2023
Gravity-1  China Orienspace 31.4 m 6,500[27] N/A 4,200 to SSO[27] Expendable 1[27] 2024 2024
GSLV Mk II  India ISRO 49.1 m 6,000[28] 2,250[28] N/A Expendable 10[29] 2010 2024
H-IIA 202  Japan Mitsubishi 53 m 8,000[30] 4,000[30] 5,100 to SSO[e] Expendable 33[31] 2001 2023
H3-22S  Japan Mitsubishi 57 m N/A[32] 3,500 N/A Expendable 2[33] 2023 2024
Hyperbola-1 (2)[f]  China i-Space 22.5 m 300[35] N/A 300 to SSO[35] Expendable 5[35] 2021 2023
Jielong 1[36]  China CALT 19.5 m N/A N/A 200 to SSO[37] Expendable 1[36] 2019 2019
Jielong 3  China CALT 31.8 m N/A N/A 1,500 (500 km SSO)[38] Expendable 3[38] 2022 2024
KAIROS  Japan Space One 18 m 250 N/A 150 to SSO[39] Expendable 1 2024 2024
Kinetica 1  China CAS Space 30 m 2,000[40] N/A 1,500[40] (500 km SSO) Expendable 3[40] 2022 2024
Kuaizhou 1A  China ExPace 19.8 m 400[41] N/A 250 to SSO Expendable 28[41] 2013[g] 2024
Kuaizhou 11  China ExPace 25.3 m 1,500[43] N/A 1,000 to SSO[43] Expendable 2[44] 2020 2022
Long March 2C