Demographics of Ghana
Population pyramid of Ghana in 2020
Population	33,107,275 (2022 est.)
Growth rate	2.23% (2022 est.)
Birth rate	28.55 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate	6.14 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy	69.37 years
• male	67.7 years
• female	71.09 years
Fertility rate	3.66 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate	32.59 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate	-0.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years	37.44%
65 and over	4.44%
Sex ratio
Total	0.95 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth	1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15	1.02 male(s)/female
65 and over	0.72 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality	Ghanaian
Major ethnic	Akan (45.7%)
Language
Official	English

Demographic features of the population of Ghana include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, religious affiliations, and other aspects.

Ghana's population is 30,832,019 (2021 census).^[1]

Languages

Ghana is a multilingual country in which about 80 languages are spoken.^[2] English is the official language and lingua franca.^[3][4] Of the languages indigenous to Ghana, Akan is the most widely spoken.^[5]

Ghana has more than seventy ethnic groups, each with its own distinct language.^[6] Languages that belong to the same ethnic group are usually mutually intelligible.

Eleven languages have the status of government-sponsored languages: four Akan ethnic languages (Akuapem Twi, Asante Twi, Fante and Nzema) and two Mole-Dagbani ethnic languages (Dagaare and Dagbanli). The rest are Ewe, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, and Kasem, Hausa.^[7]

Ethnic groups

Ghana has more than seventy native ethnic groups.^[6] Major native African ethnic groups in Ghana include the Akan at 45.7% of the population, the Mole-Dagbon at 18.5%, the Ewe at 13.9%, the Ga-Dangme at 7.1%, the Gurma at 6.4%, the Guan at 3.2%, the Grusi at 2.7%, Mande at 2% and others at 1.6%.^[8] Some 20 thousands of Native Europeans live in Ghana.^[9]

Education

Primary and junior secondary school education is tuition-free and mandatory. Since 1987, the Government of Ghana has increased its education budget by 700%. Basic education's share has grown from 45% to 60% of that total.

Students begin their six-year primary education at the age of six. They pass into a junior secondary school system for three years of academic training combined with technical and vocational training. Those continuing move into the three-year senior secondary school program. Entrance to one of the best Ghanaian universities is by examination following completion of senior secondary school with a pass mark.

Demographic trends

Ghana's first post independence population census in 1961 counted about 6.7 million inhabitants.^[10] Between 1965 and 1989, a constant 45% of Ghana total female population was of childbearing age.^[10]

The crude death rate of 18 per 1,000 population in 1965 fell to 13 per 1,000 population in 1992. Life expectancy rose from a 1992 average of 42 years for men and 45 years for women to 52 and 56 years in 2002. The fertility rate averaged two children per adult female in 2013.^[10]

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 26.IX.2010):^[11]

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2015) (Data based on the 2010 Population Census.):^[12]