Don Mueang International Airport ท่าอากาศยานดอนเมือง
IATA: DMK ICAO: VTBD
Summary
Airport type	Public / Military
Owner	Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF)
Operator	Airports of Thailand (AOT)
Serves	Bangkok Metropolitan Region
Location	222 Vibhavadi Rangsit Road, Sanambin, Don Mueang, Bangkok, Thailand
Opened	27 March 1914; 110 years ago (1914-03-27)
Operating base for	Nok Air Thai AirAsia Thai Lion Air
Elevation AMSL	9 ft / 3 m
Coordinates	13°54′45″N 100°36′24″E / 13.91250°N 100.60667°E / 13.91250; 100.60667
Website	donmueang.airportthai.co.th
Map
DMK/VTBD Location of airport in Thailand
Runways
Direction Length Surface m ft 03L/21R 3,700 12,139 Asphalt concrete 03R/21L 3,500 11,483 Asphalt concrete
Statistics (2023)
Total passengers 26,980,428 67.26%% International passengers 9,971,010 282.59% Domestic passengers 17,009,41825.77% Aircraft movements 184,542 52.92% Freight (tonnes) 14,210 117.18%
Sources: Airports of Thailand[1]

Don Mueang International Airport (Thai: ท่าอากาศยานดอนเมือง, RTGS: Tha-akatsayan Don Mueang, pronounced [tʰâː.ʔāː.kàːt.sā.jāːn dɔ̄ːn mɯ̄a̯ŋ] ^ⓘ, or colloquially as สนามบินดอนเมือง, pronounced [sā.nǎːm.bīn dɔ̄ːn mɯ̄a̯ŋ]) (IATA: DMK, ICAO: VTBD), known as Bangkok International Airport before 2006, is one of two international airports serving Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, the other being Suvarnabhumi Airport (BKK).

The airport is considered one of the world's oldest international airports and one of Asia's oldest operating airports.^[2] It officially opened as a Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF) base on 27 March 1914, although it had been in use earlier. Commercial flights began in 1924, making it one of the world's oldest commercial airports. The airport consists of Terminal 1 for international flights and Terminal 2 for domestic flights, which are connected by a unique glass exterior elevated walkway. The airport also featured an exterior walkway connected to the Amari hotel. The first commercial flight was an arrival by KLM Royal Dutch Airlines.^[3]

In September 2006, Don Mueang Airport was closed and replaced by the new Suvarnabhumi Airport,^[4] before reopening on 24 March 2007 after renovations. Since the opening of the new airport, Don Mueang has become a regional commuter flight hub and the de facto low-cost airline hub. In 2015, it became the world's largest low-cost carrier airport.^[5] It still maintains its position as the second-busiest airport in the country.

Don Mueang previously carried the IATA airport code BKK, which was reassigned to Suvarnabhumi, and was an important hub of Asia and the hub of Thai Airways International prior to its closure. At its peak, it served most^{[clarification needed]} air traffic for the entire country, with 80 airlines operating 160,000 flights and handling over 38 million passengers and 700,000 tons of cargo in 2004. It was then the 14th-busiest airport in the world and second in Asia by passenger volume. Currently, Don Mueang is the main operating base for Nok Air, Thai AirAsia, and Thai Lion Air.

History

"Don Mueang" airfield was the second established in Thailand, after Sa Pathum airfield, which is now Sa Pathum horse racing course, known as the Royal Bangkok Sports Club. The first flights to Don Mueang were made on 8 March 1914 and involved the transfer of aircraft of the Royal Thai Air Force. Three years earlier, Thailand had sent three army officers to France to train as pilots. On completion of their training in 1911, the pilots were authorized to purchase eight aircraft, four Breguets and four Nieuports, which formed the basis of the Royal Thai Air Force. Sa Pathum airfield was established in February 1911 with an arrival by Orville Wright, seven years after the invention of the first airplane by the Wright brothers on 17 December 1903.^[6]

In 1933, the airfield was the scene of heavy fighting between royalists and government forces during the Boworadet Rebellion. The airfield was used by the occupying Japanese during World War II, and was bombed and strafed by Allied aircraft on several occasions.^{[citation needed]}

After the war had finished in September 1945, the airfield was occupied by the RAF during the brief British occupation of Thailand until March 1946 when 211 Squadron, which moved there in October 1945, was disbanded.^[7]

In May 2005, Thai Airways International introduced nonstop service between Bangkok and New York City using Airbus A340-500s.^[8]

Closure

The night of 27–28 September 2006 was the official end of operations at Don Mueang airport. The last commercial flights were:

• International departure: Although scheduled for Kuwait Airways KU414 to Kuwait at 02:50,^[9] Qantas flight QF302 to Sydney, originally scheduled for 18:00, was delayed for more than nine hours before finally taking off at 03:12, about ten minutes after the Kuwait flight. Qantas claimed that QF302 was an extra flight.^[10]
• International arrival: Kuwait Airways from Jakarta at 01:30^[11]
• Domestic departure: Thai Airways TG124 to Chiang Mai at 22:15 (coincidentally, when Thai moved domestic operations back to Don Mueang again on 28 March 2009, their last departure was also a 22:15 flight to Chiang Mai)
• Domestic arrival: Thai Airways TG216 from Phuket at 23:00

Before the opening of Suvarnabhumi, the airport used the IATA airport code BKK and the name was spelled "Don Muang". After Suvarnabhumi opened for commercial flights, the spelling was changed and as "Don Mueang" it assigned the new IATA airport code DMK, though it still retains the ICAO airport code VTBD. The traditional spelling is still used by many airlines and by most Thais.

Reopening

Commercial carriers deserted Don Mueang at the opening of Suvarnabhumi Airport. But the higher operating costs of the new airport and safety concerns over cracked runways at the new airport caused many to seek a return to Don Mueang. Low-cost airlines led demands for a reopening of the airport. Airports of Thailand released a report at the end of 2006 which furthered this effort. The report proposed reopening DMK as a way to avoid or delay second-stage expansion which had been planned for Suvarnabhumi.^[12]

On 30 January 2007, the Ministry of Transport recommended temporarily reopening Don Mueang while touch up work proceeded on some taxiways at Suvarnabhumi.^[13] The recommendation was subject to approval by the Thai cabinet. On 25 March 2007, the airport officially reopened for some domestic flights.

Because of the 2011 Thailand floods that affected Bangkok and other parts of Thailand, the airport was closed as flood waters flowed onto the runways and affected the lighting.^[14][15] Don Mueang reopened on 6 March 2012.

On 16 March 2012, the Government of Thailand under Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra ordered all low-cost, chartered, and non-connecting flights to relocate to Don Mueang. This ended the single-airport policy.^[16] Airports of Thailand was ordered to encourage low-cost carriers to shift to Don Mueang to help ease congestion at Suvarnabhumi Airport.^[17][18] Suvarnabhumi Airport was designed to handle 45 million passengers per year,^[17] but it processed 48 million in 2011 and the number was expected to reach 53 million in 2012. Some ten airlines may relocate to Don Mueang. Budget airline Nok Air is already serving flights from and to Don Mueang. Nok Air handles about four million passengers per year. Orient Thai Airlines and Thai AirAsia have also started operations at Don Mueang. Thai AirAsia carried 7.2 million passengers in 2011. The number is projected to grow to eight million in 2012.^[19]

Expansion

As of 2012, Terminal 1 is capable of handling 18.5 million passengers annually.^[20] On 7 September 2013, Airports of Thailand announced its three billion baht renovation to reopen Terminal 2 as early as May 2014. Terminal 1's passengers in 2013 will likely reach 16 million against its capacity of 18.5 million. Completion of Terminal 2 in December 2015 increases Don Mueang's passenger capacity to 30 million a year.^[21]

The third phase of Don Mueang's 36.8 billion baht expansion is scheduled to start in the second half of 2023 and will be completed in 2029.^[22] It aims to increase the airport's passenger capacity to 50 million per year.^{[citation needed]}

On 7 September 2022, an Airbus A380 made an emergency landing on runway 21R at Don Mueang.^[23][24][25]

Terminals

Don Mueang International Airport has three terminals. Terminal 1 is used for international flights and Terminal 2 for domestic flights. The opening of Terminal 2 has raised the airport's capacity to 30 million passengers per year.^[26]

Terminal 3, the old domestic terminal, has been abandoned since 2011. The new Terminal 3 will have a capacity of 20 million passengers yearly and is scheduled to be completed by 2029.^[22] The 36.8 billion baht project will raise overall airport capacity from 30 to 50 million annually.^[27]

Airlines and destinations

Airlines	Destinations
AirAsia	Kuala Lumpur–International[28]
Air Macau	Macau[29]
Bangkok Airways	Koh Samui
Batik Air	Denpasar,[30] Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta
Batik Air Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur–International
Cebu Pacific	Cebu (begins 2 October 2024),[31] Manila (begins 16 July 2024)[32]
China Express Airlines	Chongqing
HK Express	Hong Kong[33]
Indonesia AirAsia	Denpasar, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Medan
Juneyao Air	Nanjing,[34] Shanghai–Pudong[35]
Korean Air	Seoul–Incheon[36]
Myanmar Airways International	Mandalay, Yangon[37]
Nok Air	Buriram, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Chumphon, Hat Yai, Ho Chi Minh City, Hyderabad,[38] Krabi (resumes 2 August 2024), Mae Hong Son, Mae Sot, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nan, Nanning, Phitsanulok, Phuket, Ranong, Sakon Nakhon, Surat Thani, Trang, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, Zhengzhou
Okay Airways	Changsha (begins 26 June 2024),[39] Tianjin[40]
Philippines AirAsia	Manila
Qingdao Airlines	Dalian,[41] Yichang
Spring Airlines[42]	Guangzhou, Jieyang,[43] Nanchang,[34] Shanghai–Pudong, Xiamen[44]
Thai AirAsia	Ahmedabad,[45] Beijing–Daxing (begins 1 July 2024),[46] Bengaluru, Buriram, Can Tho (suspended), Changsha, Chennai,[47] Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Chongqing, Chumphon, Colombo–Bandaranaike,[48] Da Nang,[47] Denpasar,[47] Dhaka,[49] Fukuoka,[50] Guangzhou, Guwahati,[51] Hangzhou, Hanoi,[47] Hat Yai, Ho Chi Minh City,[47] Hong Kong, Huangshan, Jaipur, Jieyang,[52] Johor Bahru, Kaohsiung,[53] Khon Kaen, Kochi, Kolkata, Krabi, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kunming, Lampang (begins 2 Octobor 2024), Loei, Luang Prabang, Lucknow,[54] Macau, Malé, Manila, Naha,[55] Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nan, Nanjing, Narathiwat, Nha Trang, Penang,[47] Phitsanulok, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Quanzhou, Ranong, Roi Et, Sakon Nakhon, Shanghai–Pudong,[56] Shenzhen, Siem Reap,[57] Singapore, Surat Thani, Taipei–Taoyuan,[58] Tiruchirappalli (resumes 21 September 2024),[59] Tokyo–Narita,[60] Trang, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, Vientiane, Visakhapatnam,[61] Wuhan, Xi'an, Yangon Seasonal: Gaya
Thai Lion Air	Beijing–Daxing,[62] Bengaluru,[63] Changsha,[64] Changzhou,[65] Chengdu–Tianfu,[66] Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Chongqing,[67] Da Nang, Haikou, Hangzhou,[64] Hat Yai, Hefei,[64] Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Jinan,[64] Kathmandu,[68] Khon Kaen, Kochi,[69] Krabi, Macau,[70] Mumbai, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nanchang,[67] Nanjing,[64] Ningbo, Penang,[71] Phitsanulok, Phuket, Quanzhou,[67] Sanya, Shanghai–Pudong,[64] Shenzhen,[64] Singapore,[72] Surat Thani, Taipei–Taoyuan,[73] Tianjin,[64] Tokyo–Narita,[74] Trang, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, Wuhan,[64] Xi'an,[64] Yangzhou Charter: Hualien,[75] Tainan,[76] Taiyuan
Thai Summer Airways	Taipei–Taoyuan[77]
T'way Air	Cheongju,[78] Seoul–Incheon[79]
Vietnam Airlines	Da Nang[80]

Statistics

In 2019, the airport reached its full capacity of 52 flights per hour or about 700–800 flights per day. By the end of 2019, it is expected to top its maximum passenger handling capacity of 40 million. Airport manager AoT forecasts 41 million passengers in 2020 and 45 million by 2023. The airport was designed to serve a maximum of 30 million passengers annually. Building additional runways is not possible. AoT is encouraging airlines to use wide-body aircraft at Don Mueang to increase passenger loads from 100–200 passengers to about 300 per aircraft.^[27]

Passenger figures

Total passenger traffic through Don Mueang jumped 40.7 percent to 30.3 million in 2015, with international numbers rising 53.1 percent to 9.17 million and domestic passengers increasing 35.9 percent to 21.1 million. Aircraft movements rose by 29.8 percent to 224,074, including 158,804 domestic (up 26.2 percent) and 65,270 international (up 39.3 percent).^[81]

Calendar year	Passengers	Change from the previous	Movements	Cargo (tons)
2008	5,043,235	–	–	–
2009	2,466,997	051.1%	–	–
2010	2,999,867	021.6%	–	–
2011	3,424,915	014.2%	51,301	–
2012	5,983,141	074.7%	65,120	7,329
2013	16,479,227	0472.70%	154,827	25,657
2014	21,546,568	030.75%	172,681	29,086
2015	30,304,183	029.76%	224,074	45,488
2016[82]	35,203,757	016.17%	244,296	67,884
2017	38,299,757	08.8%	256,760	67,777
2018	40,758,148	06.4%	272,361	55,250
2019	41,313,439	01.36%	272,363	43,586
2020	15,765,854	061.8%	133,307	15,226
2021	5,059,048	067.91%	120,683	20,685
2022	16,130,626	0218.85%	133,307	6,543
2023	26,980,428	067.26%	184,542	14,210
Source: Airports of Thailand

Year	Domestic	International	Total	Change%
2008	5,043,235		5,043,235	0.46
2009	2,466,997		2,466,997	51.1%
2010	2,999,867		2,999,867	21.6%
2011	3,424,915		3,424,915	14.2%
2012			5,983,141	74.7%
2013	11,190,783	5,288,444	16,479,227	472.70%
2014	15,556,627	5,989,941	21,546,568	30.75%
2015	21,133,502	9,170,681	30,304,183	29.76%
2016[82]	23,323,457	11,880,300	35,203,757	16.17%
2017	23,942,371	14,357,386	38,299,757	8.8%
2018	24,779,256	15,978,892	40,758,148	6.4%
2019	23,456,123	17,857,316	41,331,439	1.36%
2020	13,039,448	2,726,406	15,765,854	61.8%
2021	5,045,193	13,855	5,059,048	67.91%
2022	13,524,424	2,606,202	16,130,626	218.85%
2023	17,009,418	9,971,010	26,980,428	67.26%

Busiest domestic routes 2019

Busiest domestic routes to and from Don Mueang Airport 2019^[83]

Rank	Airport	Passengers Handled 2019	%Change
1	Chiang Mai	3,564,487	0.34%
2	Phuket	3,016,280	9.76%
3	Hat Yai	2,574,739	9.27%
4	Udon Thani	1,656,430	6.60%
5	Chiang Rai	1,549,745	4.20%

Busiest international routes

Busiest international routes to and from Don Mueang Airport 2019^[83]

Rank	Airport	Passengers 2019	% Change
1	Kuala Lumpur–International	1,339,182	5.47%
2	Tokyo–Narita	1,279,186	34.05%
3	Singapore	1,071,336	3.86%
4	Yangon	790,496	2.35%
5	Osaka–Kansai	662,318	46.83%
6	Seoul–Incheon	643,606	13.88%
7	Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta	585,981	13.63%
8	Taipei–Taoyuan	551,848	25.05%
9	Ho Chi Minh City	510,873	8.67%
10	Nanjing	440,051	6.00%

Other facilities

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Don_Mueang_International_Airport
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