The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom. Formed in 1900, it is one of the two main political parties along with the Conservative Party. In all general elections since 1918, Labour has been either the governing party or the Official Opposition. Since the 2010 general election, Labour has been the second largest party in the UK behind the Conservatives having lost the four last general elections. Since 1918, Labour have formed 11 governments.

This article encompasses detailed results of previous UK general elections, devolved national elections in Scotland and Wales, devolved London elections and European Parliament elections which the Labour Party have participated in.

Background

The Labour Party was founded at a conference in February 1900 in London as the Labour Representation Committee (LRC).^[1] The party was formed as an alliance between trade unions, ethical socialists and state socialists.^[1] Following the 1906 general election, the LRC became the current Labour Party.^[2]

Labour are one of the two main political parties in the United Kingdom, along with the Conservative Party. The Labour Party sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum.^[8] In all general elections since 1918, Labour has been either the governing party or the Official Opposition.^[9] There have been six Labour prime ministers.^[7] Since 1918, Labour have formed 11 governments, compared to 13 for the Conservatives within this period.^[10] Since the 2010 general election, it has been the second-largest UK political party by the number of votes cast, behind the Conservative Party.^[11][12]

National results

UK general elections

The first general election the party faced, then the Labour Representation Committee, was only six months after the inauguration of the party.^[13] Fifteen LRC candidates were put forward for the election, two of which were elected in 1900.^[13] In 1903, the Secretary of the LRC Ramsay MacDonald and the Liberal Party's Chief Whip Herbert Gladstone formed a secret electoral pact between the two parties.^[14] The party continued to grow over the following decade and by the December 1910 general election, Labour had 42 MPs.^[15][16]

Following the 1918 general election, Labour became the Official Opposition after the Conservatives went into coalition with the Liberal Party.^[9] Labour's first minority governments came following the 1923 and 1929 general elections, the latter being the first time Labour were the largest party in parliament by seats won.^[9] They formed their first majority government following the 1945 general election.^[9] However, after winning the 1950 general election, Labour would lose the following election in 1951 to the Conservatives despite gaining their highest share of votes to date at 48.8%.^[9] During the 1983 election, Labour posted their worst vote share in the post-war period at 27.6%.^[9] In 1997, a party record of 418 Labour MPs were elected.^[9] At the 2019 general election, 202 Labour MPs were elected, the lowest for the party since 1935.^[9] Since the 2010 general election, Labour have lost four consecutive general elections.^[17][9]

The next general election is due to be held on 4 July 2024.^[18] The voting system for general elections in the UK is the first past the post system.^[19]

Parliament of the United Kingdom

Election	Leader[20]	Votes		Seats			Position	Result	Ref
		No.	Share	No.	±	Share
1900	Keir Hardie	62,698	1.8	2 / 670	2	0.3	4th	Conservative–Liberal Unionist	[21]
1906		321,663	5.7	29 / 670	27	4.3	4th	Liberal	[22]
January 1910	Arthur Henderson	505,657	7.6	40 / 670	11	6.0	4th	Liberal minority	[23]
December 1910	George Nicoll Barnes	371,802	7.1	42 / 670	2	6.3	4th	Liberal minority	[16]
1918[a]	William Adamson	2,245,777	20.8	57 / 707	15	8.1	4th	Coalition Liberal–Conservative	[27]
1922	J. R. Clynes	4,237,349	29.7	142 / 615	85	23.1	2nd	Conservative	[29]
1923	Ramsay MacDonald	4,439,780	30.7	191 / 615	49	30.1	2nd	Labour minority	[31]
1924		5,489,087	33.3	151 / 615	40	24.6	2nd	Conservative	[33]
1929[b]		8,370,417	37.1	287 / 615	136	47.0	1st	Labour minority	[36]
1931	Arthur Henderson	6,649,630	30.9	52 / 615	235	8.5	2nd	Conservative–Liberal–National Labour	[38]
1935	Clement Attlee	8,325,491	38.0	154 / 615	102	25.0	2nd	Conservative–Liberal National–National Labour	[40]
1945		11,967,746	48.0	393 / 640	239	61.0	1st	Labour	[25]
1950		13,266,176	46.1	315 / 625	78	50.4	1st	Labour	[25]
1951		13,948,883	48.8	295 / 625	20	47.2	2nd	Conservative	[25]
1955		12,405,254	46.4	277 / 630	18	44.0	2nd	Conservative	[25]
1959	Hugh Gaitskell	12,216,172	43.8	258 / 630	19	40.1	2nd	Conservative	[25]
1964	Harold Wilson	12,205,808	44.1	317 / 630	59	50.3	1st	Labour	[25]
1966		13,096,629	48.0	364 / 630	47	57.8	1st	Labour	[25]
1970[c]		12,208,758	43.1	288 / 630	76	45.7	2nd	Conservative	[25]
February 1974		11,645,616	37.2	301 / 635	13	47.4	1st	Labour minority	[25]
October 1974		11,457,079	39.3	319 / 635	18	50.2	1st	Labour	[25]
1979	James Callaghan	11,532,218	36.9	269 / 635	50	42.4	2nd	Conservative	[25]
1983	Michael Foot	8,456,934	27.6	209 / 650	60	32.2	2nd	Conservative	[42]
1987	Neil Kinnock	10,029,807	30.8	229 / 650	20	35.2	2nd	Conservative	[43]
1992		11,560,484	34.4	271 / 651	42	41.6	2nd	Conservative	[44]
1997	Tony Blair	13,518,167	43.2	418 / 659	145	63.6	1st	Labour	[45]
2001		10,724,953	40.7	412 / 659	6	62.7	1st	Labour	[46]
2005		9,552,436	35.2	355 / 646	47	55.0	1st	Labour	[47]
2010	Gordon Brown	8,606,517	29.0	258 / 650	90	40.0	2nd	Conservative–Liberal Democrats[48]	[49]
2015	Ed Miliband	9,347,324	30.4	232 / 650	26	35.7	2nd	Conservative	[52]
2017	Jeremy Corbyn	12,877,918	40.0	262 / 650	30	40.3	2nd	Conservative minority (with DUP confidence and supply)[53]	[54]
2019		10,269,051	32.1	202 / 650	60	31.1	2nd	Conservative	[55]

Note

Devolved national elections

Scottish Parliament elections

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Electoral_history_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)
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