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- Abdul Aziz Juned, Grand Mufti of Brunei
- Allahshukur Pashazadeh, Grand Mufti of the Caucasus
- Talgat Tadzhuddin, Grand Mufti of Russia
- Husein Kavazović, Grand Mufti of Bosnia and Herzegovina
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The Grand Mufti (also called Chief Mufti, State Mufti and Supreme Mufti) is the head of regional muftis, Islamic jurisconsults, of a state. The office originated in the early modern era in the Ottoman Empire and has been later adopted in a number of modern countries.[1][2]
Muftis are Islamic jurists qualified to issue a nonbinding opinion (fatwa) on a point of Islamic law (sharia). In the 15th century, muftis of the Ottoman Empire, who had acted as independent scholars in earlier times, began to be integrated into a hierarchical bureaucracy of religious institutions and scholars. By the end of the 16th century, the government-appointed mufti of Istanbul came to be recognized under the title Shaykh al-Islam (Turkish: şeyhülislam) as the Grand Mufti in charge of this hierarchy. The Ottoman Grand Mufti performed a number of functions, including advising the sultan on religious matters, legitimizing government policies, and appointing judges. After the dissolution the Ottoman Empire the office of the Grand Mufti has been adopted in a number of countries across the Muslim world, often serving the role of providing religious support for government policies.[2] The Grand Mufti is generally an individual appointed by the state, although the office has collective or elective character in some modern countries.[1][2]
History
Muftis are Muslim religious scholars who issue legal opinions (fatwas) interpreting sharia (Islamic law).[3]: 16–20 The Ottoman Empire began the practice of giving official recognition and status to a single mufti, above all others, as the Grand Mufti.[3]: 5 The Sheikh ul-Islam (or "grand mufti") of Istanbul had, since the late 16th century, come to be regarded as the head of the religious establishment.[4] He was thus not only pre-eminent but bureaucratically responsible for the body of religious-legal scholars and gave legal rulings on important state policies such as the dethronement of rulers.[4] This practice was subsequently borrowed and adapted by Egypt for the head of its Dar al-Ifta (House of Fatwas) from the mid-19th century.[3]: 5 From there, the concept spread to other Muslim states, so that today there are approximately 16 countries with sizable Muslim populations which have a Grand Mufti.[3]: 85 The relationship between the Grand Mufti of any given state and the state's rulers can vary considerably, both by region and by historical era.[citation needed]
Election
India
The Grand Mufti of India is elected by the Sunni Barelvi Muslims and appointed by the Barelvi Sunni Muslims.
Brunei
The State Mufti of Brunei is nominated by the Sultan
Jerusalem
Throughout the era of British colonialism, the British retained the institution of Grand Mufti in some Muslim areas under their control and accorded the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem the highest political stature in Palestine. During World War I (1914–1918), there were two competing Grand Muftis of Jerusalem, one endorsed by the British and one by the Ottoman Empire. When Palestine was under British rule, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem was a position appointed by the British Mandate authorities. In the Palestinian National Authority, the administrative organization established to govern parts of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, the Grand Mufti is appointed by the president.
Malaysia
Malaysia has a unique system of collective mufti. Nine of the fourteen Malaysian states have their own constitutional monarchy; nine are ruled by their own constitutional monarch while the country is led by a monarch elected from the nine. These nine monarchs have authority over religious matters within their own states: therefore, each of these nine states have their own mufti who usually controls the Islamic Council or Islamic Department of the state. At the national level, a Fatwa Committee of the National Council for Islamic Religious Affairs 
(Majlis Fatwa Kebangsaan) has been formed under the Department of Islamic Advancement of Malaysia (Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia or JAKIM). JAKIM appoints five Muftis for the five states which do not have monarchs. The muftis of the nine monarchical states, together with the five officials appointed by JAKIM in the National Council of Fatwā, collectively issue fatāwā at the national level.
Mughal Empire
In the Mughal Empire, the Grand Mufti of India was a state official.
Ottoman Empire
In the Ottoman Empire, the Grand Mufti was a state official, and the Grand Mufti of Constantinople was the highest of these.
Saudi Arabia
The Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia, with office created in 1953, is appointed by the King.
Tunisia
According to Article 78 of the 2014 Constitution, the Grand Mufti of Tunisia is appointed and can be dismissed by the President of the Republic.[5]
List of Grand Muftis
 | This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: many non-notable and unsourced entries. (March 2020) |
The list includes the names of currently appointed Grand Muftis who will take office on an appointed date and appointed by a governing committee.
| State | Incumbent | Status | Term |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | Bujar Spahiu (1976 – )[6]
|
Appointed Chairman of the Muslim Community of Albania (KMSH) by the Muslim Community of Albania | March 2019 |
| Australia | Ibrahim Abu Mohamed ( – ) | Appointed Grand Mufti of Australia by the Australian National Imams Council | September 2016 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Husein Kavazović (3 July 1964 – ) | Appointed Grand Mufti of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina | September 2012 |
| Brunei | Abdul Aziz Juned (22 December 1941 – ) | Appointed Grand Mufti Brunei by the Sultan of Brunei, Hassanal Bolkiah | 1 September 1994 |
| Bulgaria | Mustafa Hadzhi (31 March 1962 – ) | Appointed Chief Mufti of Bulgaria by the Supreme Muslim Council | 1997 – 2005 (first term) 2005 – |
| Canada | Syed Soharwardy (1955 – ) | Chairman of the Islamic Supreme Council of Canada (Grand Mufti of Canada) | 2000 |
| Caucasus region | Allahshukur Pashazadeh (26 August 1949 – )
|
Appointed chairman and Shaikh al-Islam of the Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Transcaucasia and Grand Mufti of the Caucasus by the Caucasus Muslims Council
|
1980 – 1992 (first post) 1992 – |
| China | Xilalunding Chen Guangyuan | Chairman of the Islamic Association of China | November 2016 |
| Egypt | Shawki Allam (12 August 1961 – ) | Appointed Grand Mufti of Egypt by the Council of Senior Scholars of Al-Azhar and approved by the President of Egypt, Mohamed Morsi | February 2013 |
| Ghana | Osman Nuhu Sharubutu (23 April 1919 – ) | National Chief Imam of Ghana (De facto) | |
| Guinea | El Hadj Mamadou Saliou Camara ( – ) | Grand Imam of Guinea (De facto) | |
| India | Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad(19 October 19 2019) | Appointed Grand Mufti of India by the Sunni Muslims of India | 2019 – |
| Iraq | Mahdi Al-Sumaidaie (20. century – ) | Grand Mufti of the Iraqi Sunnis (de facto) | |
| Japan | Yahya Toshio Endo | Chairman of the Japan Muslim Association | 2021 |
| Jordan | Abdul Karim Khasawneh (1944 – ) | Appointed Grand Mufti of the Kingdom of Jordan by the Cabinet of Jordan and Abdul Hafez Rabtah as Chief Islamic Justice of the Kingdom of Jordan | 11 November 2019 |
| Kazakhstan | ( – ) | Appointed Supreme Mufti of Kazakhstan by the Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Kazakhstan as per nomination of former Supreme Mufti, Serikbai Kazhy Oraz | 7 February 2020 |
| Kosovo | Naim Ternava (7 January 1961 – )
|
Appointed Grand Mufti of Kosovo by the Islamic Community of Kosova | October 2003 |
| Kyrgyzstan | Maksatbek Toktomushev (9 August 1973 – )
|
Appointed Mufti of Kyrgyzstan | 2014 |
| Lebanon | Sheikh Abdul Latif Derian (3 April 1953 – ) | Appointed Grand Mufti of Lebanon by the Higher Islamic Council | 10 August 2014 |
| Libya | Sadiq Al-Ghariani (8 December 1942 – ) | Appointed Grand Mufti of Libya by the National Transitional Council | May 2011 |
| Lithuania | ( – ) | Grand Mufti of Lithuania (De facto) | |
| Macedonia | Sulejman Rexhepi (1947 – )
|
Reis-ul-ulema of the Islamic Religious Community of Macedonia | |
| Malaysia | Luqman Abdullah (12 September 1969 – )[7]
|
Mufti of the Federal Territories (Website: muftiwp.gov.my) | 16 May 2020 |
| Dato Hj Yahya bin Ahmad | Mufti of Johor (Website: mufti.johor.gov.my) | November 2018 | |
| Syeikh Fadzil Awang[8][9] | Mufti of Kedah (Website: mufti.kedah.gov.my) | 20 July 2017 | |
| Mohamad Shukri Mohamad[10] | Mufti of Kelantan (Website: muftikelantan.gov.my) | ||
| Abdul Halim Tawil[11] | Acting Mufti of Malacca (Website: muftimelaka.gov.my) | ||
| Mohd Yusof Ahmad[12][13] | Mufti of Negeri Sembilan (Website: muftins.gov.my) | 1 April 2009 | |
| Abdul Rahman Osman[14][15][16] | Mufti of Pahang (Website: mufti.pahang.gov.my) | ||
| Wan Salim Wan Mohd Noor[17] | Mufti of Penang (Website: mufti.penang.gov.my) | 7 June 2014 | |
| Harussani Zakaria (8 April 1939 – 30 May 2021)[18]
|
Mufti of Perak (Website: mufti.perak.gov.my) | December 1985 | |
| Mohd Asri Zainul Abidin (1 January 1971 – )[19] | Mufti of Perlis (Website: mufti.perlis.gov.my) | 2 February 2015 | |
| Bungsu Aziz Jaafar[20] | Mufti of Sabah (Website: mufti.sabah.gov.my) | 10 August 2012 | |
| Kipli Yassin[21] | Mufti of Sarawak (Website: muftinegeri.sarawak.gov.my) | ||
| Mohd Tamyes Abd Wahid (1 January 1928 – )[22][23]
|
Mufti of Selangor (Website: muftiselangor.gov.my) | 16 March 1998 | |
| Zulkifly Muda[24] | Mufti of Terengganu (Website: mufti.terengganu.gov.my) | 1 April 2013 | |
| Mali | Chérif Ousmane Madani Haïdara | Chairman of the High Islamic Council of Mali | April 2019 |
| Mauritania | Ahmed Ould Murabit[25] | Grand Mufti of Mauritania | |
| Montenegro | Rifat Fejzić ( – )
|
Reis-ul-ulema of the Islamic Community of Montenegro | |
| New Zealand | ( – )[26] | Appointed Grand Mufti of New Zealand | |
| Nigeria | Ibrahim Ibn Saleh al-Hussaini (1938 – ) | Appointed Grand Mufti of Nigeria by the Supreme Council for Fatwa and Islamic Affairs in Nigeria | |
| Oman | Ahmed bin Hamad al-Khalili (27 July 1942 – ) | Appointed Grand Mufti of the Sultanate of Oman by the Sultan of Oman, Qaboos bin Said | 1975 |
| Pakistan | Mufti Muneeb Ur Rehman | Grand Mufti of Pakistan | |
| Palestine | Muhammad Ahmad Hussein (10 March 1950 – ) | Appointed Grand Mufti of Jerusalem by the President of the Palestinian National Authority, Mahmoud Abbas | July 2006 |
| Poland | Tomasz Miśkiewicz (9 July 1977 – ) | Appointed Mufti of the Republic of Poland by the Muslim Religious Union in the Republic of Poland | 2004 |
| Romania | Murat Iusuf (18 August 1977 – ) (Murād Yūsuf) | Grand Mufti of Romania | 2005 |
| Russia | Talgat Tadzhuddin (12 October 1948 – ) | Appointed Grand Mufti of Russia by the Central Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Russia
|
1992 |
| Rawil Ğaynetdin (25 August 1959 – ) | Appointed Grand Mufti of Russia by the Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Russian Federation
|
2014 | |
| Saudi Arabia | Abdulaziz Al Sheikh (10 February 1943 – ) | Appointed Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia by the King of Saudi Arabia, Fahd of Saudi Arabia | June 1999
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