A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
| Gusii | |
|---|---|
| Ekegusii | |
| Native to | Kenya |
| Region | Nyanza Kenya, Kisii County & Nyamira County, Southern Rift Valley, parts of Kericho County & Bomet County |
| Ethnicity | Abagusii |
Native speakers | L1: 2.2 million (2009 census)[1] L2: 500,000 |
Niger–Congo?
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Latin (after European contact) | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | guz |
| Glottolog | gusi1247 |
JE.42[2] | |
The Gusii language (also known as Ekegusii) is a Bantu language spoken in Kisii and Nyamira counties in Nyanza Kenya, whose headquarters is Kisii Town, (between the Kavirondo Gulf of Lake Victoria and the border with Tanzania). It is spoken natively by 2.2 million people (as of 2009), mostly among the Abagusii. Ekegusii has only two dialects: The Rogoro (upper-side) and Maate (lower-side) dialects. Phonologically, they differ in the articulation of /t/. Most of the variations existing between the two dialects are lexical. The two dialects can refer to the same object or thing using different terms. An example of this is the word for cat. While one dialect calls a cat ekemoni, the other calls it ekebusi (a word that comes from the sound used to call a cat in Gusii culture). Another illustrating example can be found in the word for sandals. While the Rogoro word for sandals is chisiripasi (a loanword from the English word "slippers"), the Maate dialect word is chitaratara (adapted from the sound made by sandals when one walks while wearing them). Many more lexical differences manifest in the language. The Maate dialect is spoken in Tabaka and Bogirango. Most of the other regions use the Rogoro dialect, which is also the standard dialect of Ekegusii.
Sounds
Vowels
Gusii has seven vowels. Vowel length is contrastive, i.e. the words 'bóra' to miss and 'bóóra' to say are distinguished by vowel length only.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
Consonants
In the table below, orthographic symbols are included between brackets if they differ from the IPA symbols. Note especially the use of ‘y’ for IPA /j/, common in African orthographies. When symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant.
| labial | alveolar | palatal | velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| plosive | t | k | ||
| affricate | tʃ | |||
| fricative | β | s | ɣ | |
| nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ |
| tap | ɾ | |||
| approximant | w | j |
| labial | alveolar | palatal | velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| plosive | p b | t d | k ɡ | |
| affricate | tʃ | |||
| fricative | β | s | ɣ | |
| nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ |
| tap | ɾ | |||
| approximant | w | j |
The following morphophonological alternations occur:
- n+r =
- n+b =
- n+g =
- n+k =
- n+c =
- n+s =
- n+m =
The Gusii language has the consonant 'b' not realized as the bilabial stop as in 'bat' but as bilabial fricative as in words like baba, baminto, abana.
Ekegusii language Alphabet
| Ekegusii alphabet (Kenya)[3][4][5] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ekegusii Alphabet | A | B | C | D | E | Ë | G | H | I | K | M | N | O | Ö | R | S | T | U | W | Y | ei | ie | io | oi | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ekegusii Consonants | Mb | Bw | mbw | Ch | Nch | Chw | Nchw | Nd | Ndw | Ng | Gw | Ngw | Ng' | Ng'w | Ny | Nyw | Nk | Kw | Nkw | Mw | Nw | Rw | Ns | Sw | Nsw | Nt | Tw | Ntw | Yw |
Ekegusii Noun Classes
Samples 1
| Ekegusii Noun Class | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class | Singular | Gloss | Plural | Gloss | ||
| 1 | omo-aba | omonto | person/human | abanto | people/humans | |
| 2 | omo-eme | omotwe | head | emetwe | head | |
| 3 | e-ch | eng'ombe | cow | chiombe | cows | |
| 4 | ege-ebi | egekombe | cup | ebikombe | cups | |
| 5 | ri-ama | ritunda | fruit | amatunda | fruits | |
| 6 | o-o | obwoba | cowardness | obwoba | cowardness | |
| 7 | e-e | ekegusii | ekegusii | ----------- | ----------- | |
| 8 | ama-ama | amabere | milk | amabere | milk | |
| 9 | omo-i-seke | omoiseke | girl | aba-i-seke | girls | |
| 10 | -------------- | ------------ | ||||
Ekegusii Numeral System
Sample 2
| Ekegusii Numeral System | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Reading | Meaning | Number | Reading | Meaning |
| 1 | eyemo | 1 | 11 | ikomi nemo | 10+1 |
| 2 | ibere | 2 | 12 | ikomi na ibere | 10+2 |
| 3 | isato | 3 | 13 | ikomi na isato | 10+3 |
| 4 | inye | 4 | 14 | ikomi nainye | 10+4 |
| 5 | isano | 5 | 15 | ikomi na isano | 10+5 |
| 6 | isano nemo | 5+1 | 16 | ikomi na isano nemo | 10+5+1 |
| 7 | isano na ibere | 5+2 | 17 | ikomi na isano na ibere | 10+5+2 |
| 8 | isano na isato | 5+3 | 18 | ikomi na isano na isato | 10+5+3 |
| 9 | kianda | 9 | 19 | ikomi na kianda | 10+9 |
| 10 | ikomi | 10 | 20 | emerongo ebere | 20 |
Sample phrases
| English | Ekegusii |
|---|---|
| Good Morning | Bwakire buya |
| Good night | Obotuko obuya |
| Head | omotwe |
| Ear | ogoto |
| Water | amache |
| evening | magoroba |
| grandfather | sokoro |
| to know | komanya |
| to milk | gokama |
| donkey | etigere/ebunda |
| Earth | ense |
| Dwell | menya |
| Homeland | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Gusii_language