Help:IPA/Estonian

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Estonian on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Estonian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between , / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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H:IPA-ET

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Estonian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Estonian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Estonian.

IPA	Examples	English approximation
Consonants
f	film	film
h	hobune, raha	horse
j	jõul	yolk
k	kabi	scold
l	lina	lack
lʲ	jälk	leap
m	naasma	may
n	lina	nanny
ŋ	vang, kink	eating
nʲ	vann	onion
p	kapi	spill
r	vere	rolled r
s	sõbranna	sole
sʲ	vastik	super (some dialects)
ʃ	šampus	shy
t	eesti	stand
tʲ	vatt	RP stew
v	vere	veal
ʔ	maq	(in South Estonian) the pause in uh-oh
Stress
ˈ	hobune	Normally placed on the first syllable
	hernehirmutis	Two stressed syllables in compound words
	armee	Loanwords can have stress on non-initial syllables
Length
	vere lina	Short syllable
ː	veere linna	Long syllable
ːː	veere linna	Overlong syllable

IPA	Examples	English approximation
Vowels
ɑ	lina	father, but shorter
ɑː	naasma	father
æ	mägi	cat
æː	väär	mad
e	terve	bait
eː	eesti	pay
i	viha	happy
iː	viin	feed
o	oks	story
oː	soo	store
ø	köha	Somewhat like hurt
øː	vöö	Somewhat like herd
ɤ	õlu	Somewhat like fern
ɤː	õõnes	Somewhat like verge
u	surm	root
uː	suu	rude
y	küla	somewhat like cute
yː	rüüpa	Somewhat like cube

Diphthongs

Estonian diphthongs
Vowel	ɑ	e	i	o	u
ɑ		ɑe̯	ɑi̯	ɑo̯	ɑu̯
e	eɑ̯		ei̯	eo̯	(eu̯)
i	(iɑ̯)	(ie̯)		(io̯)	iu̯
o	oɑ̯	oe̯	oi̯		ou̯
u	(uɑ̯)	(ue̯)	ui̯	uo̯
ɤ	ɤɑ̯	ɤe̯	ɤi̯	ɤo̯	ɤu̯
æ		æe̯	æi̯	æo̯	æu̯
ø	øɑ̯	øe̯	øi̯	(øo)	(øu)
y	yɑ̯	(ye̯)	yi̯	(yo̯)

Notes

^ ^a ^b and ʃ occur only in loanwords; the latter is replaced by s by many speakers.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Palatalized consonants tʲ nʲ sʲ lʲ are pronounced like their non-palatalized counterparts, but the tongue is constricted towards the hard palate as if a simultaneous /j/ were being pronounced.
^ Allophone of /n/ before k.
^ ^a ^b ^c Estonian has a three-way contrast between short, long, and overlong syllables. This contrast is present on both consonants and vowels. In some IPA transcriptions long sounds are marked with a single IPA length marker /ː/ and overlong with two /ːː/, while other transcriptions use half-long /ˑ/ and long /ː/ respectively. Overlong syllables also feature a falling pitch contour, while short and long syllables have a level pitch; however this is not marked.
^ From Asu & Teras (2009:370)

Referencesedit

Asu, Eva Liina; Teras, Pire (2009), "Estonian" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 39 (3): 367–372, doi:10.1017/s002510030999017x

External linksedit

Pronunciation of Estonian geographical names

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[loanwords-1] ʃ occur only in loanwords; the latter is replaced by s by many speakers.

[palatalization-2] Palatalized consonants tʲ nʲ sʲ lʲ are pronounced like their non-palatalized counterparts, but the tongue is constricted towards the hard palate as if a simultaneous /j/ were being pronounced.

[ng-3] Allophone of /n/ before k.

[length-4] Estonian has a three-way contrast between short, long, and overlong syllables. This contrast is present on both consonants and vowels. In some IPA transcriptions long sounds are marked with a single IPA length marker /ː/ and overlong with two /ːː/, while other transcriptions use half-long /ˑ/ and long /ː/ respectively. Overlong syllables also feature a falling pitch contour, while short and long syllables have a level pitch; however this is not marked.

[5] From Asu & Teras (2009:370)

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Diphthongs

See also

Notes

Referencesedit

External linksedit