Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Franco-Provençal on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Franco-Provençal in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between , / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Franco-Provençal (also known as Arpitan) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants
IPA		Examples	English approximation
b		bâs	bow
ç			hue
d		dinar	doe
ð			then
f		fèna	foe
ɡ		gran	go
ɡʲ	dz	ghoral	goods
	dʒ		jazz
	ɟ		ague
	ʒ		measure
h			happy
k		kilô	sky
kʲ	c	chalor	skew
	ʃ		show
	ts		hats
	tʃ		change
l		lârro	low
ʎ		lyata	roughly like million
m		mira	mow
n		nâs	no
ɲ			roughly like canyon
ŋ			parking
p		pâre	spy
r	r	curâ	atom (GA)
r	ʁ	curâ	roughly like loch (Scotland)
s		sôré	so
t		tanta	stow
θ			thin
v		savuc	vote
z		zérô	zoo

Vowels
Oral			Nasal
IPA	Examples	English approximation	IPA	Examples	English approximation
a	tina	pasta	ɑ̃	chançon	croissant (GA) or coq au vin
ɑ	pâta	bra	ɑ̃	chançon	croissant (GA) or coq au vin
e		clay	ɛ̃	vent	length
ɛ	libertá	festival	ɛ̃	vent	length
i		see	ĩ		ring
ə		again	œ̃	^{examples needed}	nasalized œ
œ	^{examples needed}	roughly like shirt (RP)
ø	^{examples needed}	roughly like shirt (RP)
o	^{examples needed}	sole (GA), sword (RP)	ɔ̃⁵	chançon	croissant (RP)
ɔ	^{examples needed}	off	ɔ̃⁵	chançon	croissant (RP)
u	^{examples needed}	zoo	ũ	^{examples needed}	nasalized u
y	blu	roughly like cute	ỹ	^{examples needed}	nasalized y

Semivowels
IPA	Examples	English approximation
j	vreyer	yet
w	^{examples needed}	wet
ɥ	^{examples needed}	simultaneous yet and wet

Other symbols
IPA	Examples	Explanation
ˈ	^{examples needed}	primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable)⁶
.	^{examples needed}	syllable break (placed between the syllables)

Notesedit

^ ^a ^b /h/ varies in realization: h, x and ç (the latter also a realization of other phonemes) all occur.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ There appears to be considerable variation among dz, dʒ, ʒ, and ɟ, as well as among ts, tʃ, ʃ, and c, as a result of the palatalization of /ɡ/ (or /d/) and /k/ (or /t/), respectively. Other possible realizations, which also occur separately, are ð, v, z for the voiced phoneme and θ, f, s, h for the voiceless one.
^ The most common pronunciations include ʁ, ʀ and χ, albeit in many regions as well as in Switzerland and Italy the older r is still very common.
^ Also realized as æ̃.
^ Also realized as ɒ̃.
^ Stress always falls on one of the final two syllables.

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Comparisons	IPA conventions for English English dialects Wikipedia pronunciation respelling Other English pronunciation respellings
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Notesedit

See alsoedit