A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Swahili on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Swahili in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between , / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Swahili language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. This reflects Standard Swahili, and dialects may have more or fewer phonemes. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
| Consonants | ||
|---|---|---|
| IPA | Examples | English approximation |
| ɓ | baba 'father' | bill |
| ɗ | dola 'dollar' | delta |
| ð | dhambi 'sin, offence' | that |
| ʄ ~ dʒ | maji 'water' | jab |
| f | fisi 'hyena' | focus |
| ɠ | gani 'what, of which' | gag |
| ɣ | ghali 'expensive' | Scottish loch but voiced |
| h | uhuru 'freedom' | ahead |
| j | yeye 'he/she' | yellow |
| k | kitabu 'book' | scald |
| l | lakini 'but' | lack |
| m | damu 'blood' | mocha |
| m̩ | mtoto 'child' | rhythm |
| ᵐb | mbali 'far' | clamber |
| ᶬv | mvinyo 'spirits' | Humvee |
| n | nini 'what' | ninny |
| n̩ | nchi 'country' | even (syllabic nasal) |
| ⁿd | muhindi 'corn, maize' | handy |
| ᵑɡ | ngoma 'drum' | finger |
| ⁿdʒ | injili 'gospel' | range |
| ⁿz | kwanza ˈkwɑⁿzɑ 'to begin' | pansy |
| ɲ | nyoka ˈɲɔkɑ 'snake' | canyon |
| ŋ | ng'ombe ˈŋɔᵐbɛ 'cow, ox' | sing |
| p | kikapu kiˈkɑpu 'basket' | spill |
| r | rafiki rɑˈfiki 'friend'2 | N. Am. and Australian atom |
| s | sisi ˈsisi 'we' | stole |
| ʃ | shamba ˈʃɑᵐbɑ 'farm, field' | shell |
| t | moto ˈmɔtɔ 'fire' | stand |
| tʃ | chumba ˈtʃuᵐbɑ 'room' | chase |
| θ | thelathini θɛlɑˈθini 'thirty'1 | think |
| v | vitabu viˈtɑbu 'books' | vittle |
| w | watu ˈwɑtu 'people' | with |
| x | subulkheri suɓulˈxɛri 'good morning'1 | Scottish loch |
| z | maziwa mɑˈziwɑ 'milk' | zoo |
| Vowels | ||
|---|---|---|
| IPA | Examples | English approximation |
| ɑ | baba ˈɓɑɓɑ 'father' | father |
| ɛ | ndege ˈⁿdɛɠɛ 'bird' | let |
| i | Kiswahili kiswɑˈhili 'Swahili (language)' | meat |
| ɔ | mtoto m̩ˈtɔtɔ 'child' | off |
| u | uhuru uˈhuɾu 'freedom' | fool |
| ː | kondoo kɔˈⁿdɔː 'sheep' | vowel length |
| Suprasegmentals | ||
|---|---|---|
| IPA | Examples | Explanation |
| ˈ | safari sɑˈfɑri 'journey' | stress3 |
Notesedit
- ^ a b c d Only found in loanwords.
- ^ a b Swahili /r/ is either a short trill r or more commonly a flap ɾ in many areas. The distinction between /l/ and /r/ is a recent one, and many speakers have only a single sound, often an alveolar lateral flap ɺ
- ^ Stress usually falls on the penultimate syllable of a word.
Bibliographyedit
- Contini-Morava, Ellen (1997), "Swahili phonology", in Kaye, Allen (ed.), Phonologies of Asia and Africa, vol. 1, Eisenbrauns, pp. 841–860
- Mohammed, Mohammed Abdullah (2001), Modern Swahili Grammar, Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers Ltd., ISBN 9966-46-761-0
See alsoedit
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