Help:IPA/Xiang Chinese

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Xiang Chinese on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Xiang Chinese in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between , / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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The following tables list the International phonetic Alphabet used for Xiang Chinese (湘語). For simplicity, only one of the romanization of Xiang Chinese is given.

Initial consonants
IPA	Pinyin	Examples
ɕ	sj	現話得
f	f	發夢天
k	g	構凌
kʰ	k	堂客們
l	l	靈泛
m	m	麻噴子
ɲ	nj	你屋裏
ŋ	n	擺矮
p	b	巴釅
pʰ	p	撇淡的
s	s	撈鬆的
ʂ	sh	射沕子
t	d	斷黑
tɕ	zj	掉京腔
tɕʰ	cj	覆起睏
tʰ	t	偷油婆
ts	z	射鼻子
tsʰ	c	吵煩噠
tʂ	zh	打帳子
tʂʰ	ch	tʂʰə˦˩ lõ˦˩ tan˩˧ 扯卵談
x	h	mo˧ xoŋ˧ 摸風(不到)
ʐ	r	ʐən˩˧ sən˧ mi˦˩ 人參米

Final consonants
IPAⁱ		Pinyin ⁱ	Examplesⁱⁱ
FC	Rhyme	Pinyin ⁱ	Examplesⁱⁱ
-n	an	an	man˦˩ ko˧ 滿哥
	ən	en	fan˩ mən˧ tsɹ̩꜊ 飯蚊子
	in	in	kʰoŋ˧ tin˦˩ 空頂
	jan^iv	ian	jan˩˧ mi˧ mi꜊ 洋咪咪
	wan^iv	uan	loŋ˥ wan˩˧ ti꜊ 弄黄的
	wən^iv	uen	ta˦˩ ljẽ˥ kwən˦˩ 打練滾
	ɥan^iv	yan	ɕɥan˧ tɕi˩ ʐən˩˧ 雙徛人
	ɥn^iv	yn	ɥn˩˧ tsɹ̩n˩ (懶得)勻淨
-ŋ	joŋ^iv	ioq	mi˧ joŋ˩˧ ti꜊ 䊳融的
-ŋ	oŋ	oq	ta˦˩ tsoŋ˦˩ tsjẽ˥ 打總薦

Vowels
IPAⁱ	Pinyinⁱ	Examplesⁱⁱ
a	a	fa˨˦ paw˦˩ tɕʰi˥ 發寶氣
aj^iv	ai	law˦˩ ŋaj˧ tsje꜊ 老娭毑
aw^iv	au	tsʰaw˦˩ poŋ˩˧ 吵棚
ej^iv	ei	sei˩˧ mo˦˩ tsɹ̩꜊ 隨麼子
ə^v	e	tɕjaw˦˩ ə˦˩ 餃餌
əw^iv	eu	ta˦˩ jəw˧ tsʰan˧ 打腰餐
ә̃	el	tʂə˦˩ ʂә̃˦˩ 扯閃
o	o	to˩˧ təw˩ po˩˧ 馱肚婆
õ	ol	tɕjəw˥ sõ˧ ti꜊ 臼酸的
i	i	tjəw˧ i˨˦ moŋ˦˩ kəw˩˧ 丟一猛格
ja^iv	ia	ta˨˦ ja˦˩ pə˨˦ 答野白
jaw^iv	iau	tʰjaw˧ təin˧ 挑筋
je^iv	ie	lje˥ ta꜊ tɕin˦˩ 捩(噠)頸
jẽ^iv	iel	si˦˩ maw˧ ljẽ˦˩ 洗貓臉
jəw^iv	ieu	fa˨˦ ljəw˩˧ jan˩˧ moŋ˩ 發瀏陽夢
jo^iv	io	san˥ ɕjo˨˦ 散學
ɹ̩ⁱⁱⁱ	x	to˦˩ mo˧ tsɹ̩꜊ 躲摸子
ɻ̩ⁱⁱⁱ	x	taj˩ tʂʅ˨˦ law˦˩ 大指腦
u	u	u˩ u˩ tsa ˩ tsa꜊ 霧霧扎扎
wa^iv	ua	ta˦˩ tʰjaw˦˩ kʰwa˥ 打屌胯
waj^iv	uai	kwaj˦˩ tʂan˩˧ 拐場
wej^iv	uei	maw˧ tan˩˧ kwej˦˩ tʰjaw˥ 貓彈鬼跳
wə^v	ue	tsʰəw˦˩ kwə˨˦ 楚國
y	y	y˦˩ kʰoŋ˥ tsɹ̩꜊ (鑽)雨空子
ɥa^iv	ya	ɕɥa˥ pə˨˦ ti꜊ 刷白的
ɥaj^iv	yai	ɕɥaj˦˩ paj˩˧ tsɹ̩꜊ 甩牌子
ɥe^iv	ye	maw˩˧ ɥe˨˦ tsɹ̩꜊ 毛熱子
ɥej^iv	yei	ɕɥej˦˩ kwa˩ kwa˩ ti꜊ 水垮垮的
ɥẽ^iv	yel	ɥẽ˩˧ fan˥ 圓泛

Tones
IPAⁱ	Numeric contours	Tonal categories (sequence)	Examplesⁱⁱ
˧	◌³³	陰平 (◌¹)	pan˧ tsʰjaw˥ 扳俏
˩˧	◌¹³	陽平 (◌²)	tsan˩˧ si˨˦ 殘惜
˦˩	◌⁴¹	上 (◌³)	to˦˩ ɕjo˨˦ 躲學
˥	◌⁵⁵	陰去 (◌⁵)	ma˨˦ sjan˥ 抹相
˩	◌¹¹	陽去 (◌⁶)	ta˦˩ o˩ təw˦˩ 打餓肚
˨˦	◌²⁴	入 (◌⁷)	lo˨˦ u˨˦ 落屋
꜊	◌⁰	輕 (◌⁰)	fej˧ lən˩ ti꜊ 飛嫩的

Notesedit

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g The vowels, consonants and tones are based on 长沙方言词典 (1998),¹ itself the basis of 长沙方言研究 (1999).² The romanization is based on 长沙话拼音方案Beta 5.0 (2021).³
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Glosses are displayed over the dotted line (for desktop computers, hover your mouse cursor over it; for iOS mobile browsers, request desktop website on your toolbar and then click on the dotted line; for Android mobile browsers, it is unavailable). Vocabulary examples are drawn from 长沙方言词典 (1998)¹ and 长沙方言常用熟语通释 (2008).⁴
^ ^a ^b ^c In sinological phonetic notation, the IPA ɹ̩ is represented as ⟨ɿ⟩, ɻ̩ is represented as ⟨ʅ⟩, ɲ is represented as ⟨ȵ⟩.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y The gliding non-syllables may be less explicitly transcribed with syllables, such that the non-syllabic j represented as syallbic i, w as u, and ɥ as y.
^ ^a ^b ə and wə are pronounced as ɤ and wɤ by some speakers. Also refer to ^iv.

Referencesedit

^ ^a ^b 鲍厚星; 崔振华; 沈若云; 伍云姬 (1998). 长沙方言词典. 江苏教育出版社.
^ 鲍厚星; 崔振华; 沈若云; 伍云姬 (1999). 长沙方言研究. 江苏教育出版社. pp. 14–21.
^ 跳跳老鼠 (2021-03-02). "长沙话拼音方案Beta 5.0". Archived from the original on 2023-10-21.
^ 袁庆 (2008). 长沙方言常用熟语通释. 湖南师范大学出版社.

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