The Hitchhiker Program (HH) was a NASA program established in 1984 and administered by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). The program was designed to allow low-cost and quick reactive experiments to be placed on board the Space Shuttle. The program was discontinued after the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster of STS-107.

Program history

NASA's Hitchhiker project began in early 1984. It was created to accommodate small attached payloads in the Space Shuttle payload bay. Hitchhikers were intended for customers whose space activity requires power, data or command services.

The first Hitchhiker launched on STS-61-C on January 12, 1986. Called HHG-1, it was mounted to the side of the payload bay and carried three experiments. The second Hitchhiker launched on STS-39 on April 28, 1991. This payload was called Space Test Payload (STP)-1 and consisted of five experiments mounted onto a cross-bay carrier. Between 1992 and 1995, 12 Hitchhikers were manifested to fly on the Space Shuttle.

The Hitchhiker system provided real-time communications between the payload and customers in the Hitchhiker control center at Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland. The system also provided crew control/display capability, if necessary. Hitchhikers were created to provide a quick reaction and low cost capability for flying small payloads in the Shuttle payload bay.

Along with NASA's Get Away Specials (GAS), Hitchhiker was developed and operated by the Goddard Space Flight Center Shuttle Small Payloads Project (SSPP). Unlike Hitchhikers, GAS payloads were only mounted in canisters, did not connect to orbiter electrical services and did not require significant Shuttle support.

Hitchhiker experiments

Hitchhiker experiments were housed in canisters or attached to mounting plates. The Hitchhiker canister came in two varieties—the Hitchhiker Motorized Door Canister and the Sealed Canisters. The Hitchhiker Motorized Door Canister had mechanical interfaces nearly identical to a GAS canister and could accommodate a customer payload of up to 160 pounds (72.6 kilograms). This canister allowed a payload to be exposed directly to the environment of space.

The Sealed Canister, without a door, could accommodate a customer payload up to 200 pounds (90.7 kilograms). The payload in this canister was sealed in an atmosphere of nitrogen or air.

Experiments attached to mounting plates could be placed on the vertical plate, a 25 inches (63.5 centimeters) by 39 inches (99.1 centimeters) mounting surface for up to 200 pounds (90.7 kilograms) of customer hardware. A larger mounting plate measured 50 inches (127 centimeters) by 60 inches (152.4 centimeters). This plate, available for use on the side-mount carrier, was for larger experiments or hardware requirements. Customer hardware mounted on plates may have needed additional customer-provided thermal control provisions, such as heaters or blankets.

List of all Hitchhiker and GAS experiments

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Hitchhiker_Program
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Launch Date	STS Number	Payload Name	Payload Classification	Experiment Name	Payload Carrier Hardware
03/22/82	3	GAS FVP	GAS	GAS FVP	Adapter Beam
06/27/82	4	G-001	GAS	G-001	Adapter Beam
11/11/82	5	G-026	GAS	G-026	Adapter Beam
04/04/83	6	G-005 G-049 G-381	GAS	G-005 G-049 G-381	Adapter Beam
06/18/83	7	G-002 G-088 G-009 G-012 G-033 G-305 G-345	GAS	G-002 G-088 G-009 G-012 G-033 G-305 G-345	Adapter Beam
08/30/83	8	G-346 G-347 G-348 G-475	GAS	G-346 G-347 G-348 G-475	Adapter Beam
02/03/84	10 (41-B)	G-004 G-008 G-051 G-309 G-349	GAS	G-004 G-008 G-051 G-309 G-349	Adapter Beam
10/05/84	13 (41-G)	G-007 G-013 G-032 G-038 G-074 G-306 G-469 G-518	GAS	G-007 G-013 G-032 G-038 G-074 G-306 G-469 G-518	Adapter Beam
04/12/85	16 (51-D)	G-035 G-471	GAS	G-035 G-471	Adapter Beam
04/29//85	17 (51-B)	G-010 G-308	GAS	G-010 G-308	Adapter Beam
06/17/85	18 (51-G)	G-025 G-027 G-028 G-034 G-314 G-471	GAS	G-025 G-027 G-028 G-034 G-314 G-471	Adapter Beam
10/30/85	22 (61-A)	G-308	GAS	G-308	Adapter Beam
11/26/85	23 (61-B)	G-479	GAS	G-479	Adapter Beam
01/12/86	24 (61-C)	HHG-1	Hitchhiker (HH)	Particle Analysis Cameras for the Shuttle (PACS) Capillary Pump Loop (CPL)	Hitchhiker Bridge
01/12/86	24 (61-C)	GAS Bridge Assembly-1 (GBA-1)	GAS	G-007 G-062 G-310 G-332 G-446 G-449 G-462 G-463 G-464 G-470 G-481 G-494	GAS Bridge Assembly (GBA)
08/08/89	28	G-335 G-341	GAS	G-335 G-341	Adapter Beam
10/18/89	34	SSBUV-01	GAS	Shuttle Solar Background Ultraviolet (SSBUV)	Adapter Beam
12/02/90	35	BBXRT	HH	Broad Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT)	Adapter Beam
04/28/91	39	MPEC-01	CAP	Multi-Purpose Experiment Canister (MPEC)	Adapter Beam
04/28/91	39	STP-1	HH	Advanced Liquid Feed Experiment (ALFE), MDAC MDE/AFAL Data Systems Experiment (DSE), NASA GSFC Spacecraft Kinetic Infrared Test (SKIRT)-Circular Variable Filter(CVF) / GLOS Ultraviolet Limb Imaging Experiment (UVLIMB), NRL/USAF	Hitchhiker Bridge
06/05/91	40	GBA-2	GAS	G-021 G-052 G-091 G-105 G-286 G-405 G-408 G-451 G-455 G-486 G-507 G-616	GBA
01/22/92	42	GBA-3	GAS	G-086 G-140 G-143 G-329 G-336 G-337 G-457 G-609 G-610 G-614	GBA
08/02/91	43	TPCE-01	CAP	TPCE-01	Adapter Beam
03/24/92	45	G-229	GAS	G-229	Adapter Beam
07/31/92	46	CONCAP IV-03 CONCAP II-01 CONCAP III-01	CAP	LDCE-01 LDCE-02 LDCE-03	Adapter Beam
09/12/92	47	GBA-4	GAS	G-102 G-255 G-300 G-330 G-482 G-520 G-521 G-534 G-613	Adapter Beam
11/12/93	51	LDCE-04 LDCE-05	CAP	LDCE-04 LDCE-05	Adapter Beam
10/22/92	52	ASP	HH	Attitude Sensor Package (ASP)	Adapter Beam
10/22/92	52	TPCE-01	CAP	TPCE-01	Adapter Beam
12/02/92	53	GCP	HH	Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Spheres (ODERACS-1) Cryogenic Heat Pipe Experiment (CRYOHP) Shuttle Glow (GLO-1)	Adapter Beam
01/13/93	54	DXS	HH	Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer (DXS)	Adapter Beam
04/26/93	55	RKGM	CAP	RKGM	Adapter Beam
04/08/93	56	SUVE	CAP	SUVE	Adapter Beam
06/21/93	57	SHOOT	HH	Super Fluid Helium On Orbit Transfer (SHOOT)	Adapter Beam
06/21/93	57	GBA-5	GAS	CONCAP-IV-01 G-022 G-324 G-399 G-450 G-452 G-453 G-454 G-535 G-601 G-647	GBA
04/09/94	59	CONCAP IV-02	CAP	CONCAP IV-02	Adapter Beam
04/09/94	59	G-203 G-300 G-458	GAS	G-203 G-300 G-458	Adapter Beam
02/03/94	60	COB/GBA ODERACS-1R BREMSAT	GAS Bridge Assembly-6 with Hitchhiker Avionics	Capillary Pumped Loop (CAPL), NASA GSFC	GBA w/ HH Avionics
02/03/94	60	COB/GBA ODERACS-1R BREMSAT	HH	Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Spheres (ODERACS-1R), USAF	GBA w/ HH Avionics
02/03/94	60	COB/GBA ODERACS-1R BREMSAT	CAP	BREMAN Satellite (BREMSAT), University of Bremen	GBA w/ HH Avionics
02/03/94	60	COB/GBA ODERACS-1R BREMSAT	GAS	G-071 G-514 G-536 G-557	GBA w/ HH Avionics
03/04/94	62	LDCE-06 LDCE-07 LDCE-08	CAP	LDCE-06 LDCE-07 LDCE-08	Adapter Beam
03/04/94	62	OAST-2	HH	Thermal Energy Storage (TES-1, TES-2) Cryogenic Two Phase (CRYOTP), NASA GSFC/USAF Phillips Lab Emulsion Chamber Technology (ECT), NASA MSFC Experimental Investigation of Spacecraft Glow (EISG), NASA JSC/NASA GSFC Solar Array Module Plasma Interaction Experiment (SAMPIE), NASA LeRC Spacecraft Kinetic Infrared Test (SKIRT), NASA JSC/NASA GSFC	HH Bridge
02/03/95	63	CGP/ODERACS-2	HH	Cryo System Experiment (CSE), Hughes Shuttle Glow (GLO-2), U of AZ IMAX Cargo Bay Camera (ICBC) Orbital Debris Radar Calibration System-II (ODERACS-II), USAF	HH Bridge
09/09/94	64	ROMPS-1	HH	Robot Operated Materials Processing System (ROMPS)	Adapter Beam
09/09/94	64	GBA-7	GAS	G-178 G-254 G-325 G-417 G-453 G-454 G-456 G-485 G-506 G-562	GBA
11/03/94	66	ESCAPE-2	CAP	ESCAPE-2	Adapter Beam
03/02/95	67	G-387 G-388	GAS	G-387 G-388	Adapter Beam
09/30/94	68	G-316 G-503 G-541	GAS	G-316 G-503 G-541	Adapter Beam
09/07/95	69	IEH-1	HH	Ultraviolet Spectrograph Telescope for Astronomical Research (UVSTAR), U of AZ/ESA Shuttle Glow Experiment-3 (GLO-3), U of AZ Solar Extreme Ultraviolet HH (SEH), USC	HH Bridge
09/07/95	69	IEH-1	HH-Jr.	Complex Autonomous Payload (CONCAP IV-03), U of AL	HH Bridge
09/07/95	69	CAPL/GBA	HH	Capillary Pumped Loop (CAPL-2), NASA/GSFC	GBA
09/07/95	69	CAPL/GBA	CAP	TES-2	GBA
09/07/95	69	CAPL/GBA	GAS	G-515 G-645/SRE G-702/SRE G-726	GBA