Israeli casualties of war - Biblioteka.sk

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Israeli casualties of war
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Israel Defense Forces Former Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Benny Gantz salutes Yom Kippur War casualties at an official annual memorial service for fallen soldiers.

Israeli casualties of war, in addition to those of Israel's nine major wars, include 9,745 soldiers and security forces personnel killed in "miscellaneous engagements and terrorist attacks",[1][better source needed] which includes security forces members killed during military operations, by fighting crime, natural disasters, diseases, traffic or labor accidents and disabled veterans whose disabilities contributed to their deaths.[2] Between 1948 and 1997, 20,093[3] Israeli soldiers were killed in combat, 75,000 Israelis were wounded, and nearly 100,000[4] Israelis were considered disabled army veterans. On the other hand, in 2010 Yom Hazikaron, Israel honored the memory of 22,684 Israeli soldiers and pre-Israeli Palestinian Jews killed since 1860 in the line of duty for the independence, preservation and protection of the nation, and 3,971 civilian terror victims.[2][5][6] The memorial roll, in addition to IDF members deceased, also include fallen members of the Shin Bet security service, the Mossad intelligence service, the Israel Police, the Border Police, the Israel Prisons Service, other Israeli security forces, the pre-state Jewish underground, and the Jewish Brigade and the Jewish Legion (which served alongside British forces in World War II and World War I respectively).

According to the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Anti-Defamation League, a total of 1,194 Israelis and foreigners were killed[7][8] and 7,000 wounded[9] between September 2000 and August 2010 by Palestinian terror attacks (most of them during 2000–2005 Second Intifada); while more than 3,000 Israelis[10][11] have been killed and 25,000 have been wounded as a result of Palestinian violence and hostile enemy action (without including wars) since the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948 until today. Another 685 Jewish residents of Mandatory Palestine were killed between 1920 and 1947 as a result of Arab riots, British anti-Zionist operations and World War II attacks.[12][13] Palestinians killed 1,074 Israelis and wounded 7,520 between 2000 and 2005.[14]

The following tables summarize Israeli casualties by war, conflict or incident.

Prior to Israel's independence

Conflicts with Arabs

Conflicts prior to Israel's independence Military deaths Civilian deaths Total deaths Military and/or Civilian wounded Total casualties
Battle of Tel Hai 0 6 6 0 6
1920 Nebi Musa riots 0 5 5 216 221
1921 Jaffa riots 0 47[15] 47 146 193
1921 Jerusalem riots 0 5 5 Unknown Unknown
1929 Buraq riots 0 133 133 339 472
1933 Palestine riots 0 0 0 Unknown Unknown
1936–1939 Arab revolt 0 415+[16] 415 1,200+ 1,615
* Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine At least 34 members of Palmach[17] Unknown 50-100 Unknown Unknown
1947–48 Civil War 895 408[18][better source needed] 1,303+ 2,000[19] 3,303
*Conflict was against the British

Sinking of ships carrying Jewish immigrants

In the White Paper of 1939 the British government limited Jewish immigration to Palestine to 75,000 over the following five years.[20] European Jews were anxious for ways to leave Europe, but for the most part there were few options. No countries were willing to take Jewish immigrants. However, some Eastern European states were willing to give transit visas. During World War II, many countries denied or severely limited Jewish refugees fleeing the Holocaust, and Palestine was one of the few destinations available.[21]

In post-Holocaust Europe, the 1,000,000 Jewish survivors were classified as "non-repatrifiable" by the Austrian and German government. In other words, Jews were not "officially allowed to leave the countries of Central and East Europe" by the allied powers, nor were they permitted to settle in Palestine by the British.

An unknown number of Jewish refugees perished en route from European ports to Palestine, and over 30,000 holocaust survivors who successfully immigrated were interned by the British in POW camps.[22] Many immigrant ships were sunk during the British blockade.[citation needed]

Note: Graph is not comprehensive

Casualties attributed to Britain's naval blockade of Mandatory Palestine Deaths Survivors
SS Patria (sunk by the Jewish paramilitary group Haganah) 260[23] 1,510
MV Struma (sunk by Soviet submarine in the Black Sea in World War II) 785[24] 1[15]
SS Bulgaria 280 70
MV Mefküre (sunk by Soviet submarine in the Black Sea in World War II) 345 5
SS Exodus 3 4,512

Regular conflicts

Bold indicates conflicts considered wars by the Israeli Ministry of Defense (as they were named by Israel):[25]

Terror and other attacks 1948-1967

Terror and other attacks 1968–1987

Note: Table is not comprehensive

Terrorism and other attacks 1968–1987 Military deaths Civilian deaths (including foreigners) Total deaths Military and/or Civilian wounded Total casualties
Hijacking of El Al Flight 253 0 1 1 1 2
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine attacks Athens Airport following the Hijacking of El Al Flight 426. 0 1[73][better source needed] 1 1 2
September 1968 Tel Aviv bombings 0 1 1 71 72[74]
November 1968 Mahaneh Yehuda car bomb attack 0 12 12 52 64[74][better source needed]
February 1969 Jerusalem bombing 0 2 2 20 22[74]
October 1969 Haifa apartment bombings 0 4 4 20 24[74]
February 1970 El Al bus attack 0 1 1 8 9[73]
13 February 1970 Swissair Flight 330 attack 0 47[75] 47 unknown 47+
1970 Avivim school bus massacre 0 12 12 25 Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Israeli_casualties_of_war
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