A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
direct detection |
From the total of 4,237 stars known to have exoplanets (as of June 1, 2024), there are a total of 904 known multiplanetary systems,[1] or stars with at least two confirmed planets, beyond the Solar System. This list includes systems with at least three confirmed planets or two confirmed planets where additional candidates have been proposed. The stars with the most confirmed planets are the Sun (the Solar System's star) and Kepler-90, with 8 confirmed planets each, followed by TRAPPIST-1 with 7 planets.
The 904 multiplanetary systems are listed below according to the star's distance from Earth. Proxima Centauri, the closest star to the Solar System, has three planets (b, c and d). The nearest system with four or more confirmed planets is Gliese 876, with four known.[citation needed] The farthest confirmed multiplanetary system is OGLE-2012-BLG-0026L, at 13,300 light-years (4,100 pc) away.[2]
The table below contains information about the coordinates, spectral and physical properties, and the number of confirmed (unconfirmed) planets for systems with at least 2 planets and 1 not confirmed. The two most important stellar properties are mass and metallicity because they determine how these planetary systems form. Systems with higher mass and metallicity tend to have more planets and more massive planets. However, although low metallicity stars tend to have fewer massive planets, particularly hot-Jupiters, they also tend to have a larger number of close-in planets, orbiting at less than 1 AU.[3]
Multiplanetary systems
Color indicates number of planets | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 (x) | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
Star |
Constellation |
Right ascension |
Declination |
Apparent magnitude |
Distance (ly) |
Spectral type |
Mass (M☉) |
Temperature (K) |
Age (Gyr) |
Confirmed (unconfirmed) planets |
Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sun | – | - | - | −26.74 | 0.000016 | G2V | 1 | 5778 | 4.572 | 8 (1) | The hypothesised Planet Nine remains unconfirmed. |
Proxima Centauri | Centaurus | 14h 29m 42.94853s | −62° 40′ 46.1631″ | 10.43 to 11.11[4] | 4.244 | M5.5Ve[5] | 0.122 | 3042 | 4.85 | 2 (1) | Closest star to the Sun and closest star to the Sun with a multiplanetary system. Planet b is potentially habitable.[6][7] Planet c initially appeared likely but has since been disputed.[8] |
Lalande 21185 | Ursa Major | 11h 03m 20.1940s | +35° 58′ 11.5682″ | 7.520[9] | 8.3044±0.0007 | M2V | 0.39 | 3601±51 | 8.047 | 2 (1) | Brightest red dwarf star in the northern celestial hemisphere.[10][11] |
Lacaille 9352 | Piscis Austrinus | 23h 05m 52.04s | −35° 51′ 11.05″ | 7.34 | 10.721 | M0.5V | 0.486 | 3688±86 | 4.57 | 2 (1) | The unconfirmed planet d is potentially habitable.[12] |
Luyten's Star | Canis Minor | 07h 27m 24.4991s | 05° 13′ 32.827″ | 9.872 | 11.20 | M3.5V | 0.26 | 3150 | unknown | 2 (2) | Stellar activity level and rotational rate suggest an age higher than 8 billion years.[13] Planet b is potentially habitable.[14] |
YZ Ceti | Cetus | 01h 12m 30.64s | −16° 59′ 56.3″ | 12.07 | 11.74 | M4.5V | 0.13 | 3056 | 4 | 3 (1) | Flare star.[15] |
Gliese 1061 | Horologium | 03h 35m 59.69s | −44° 30′ 45.3″ | 13.03 | 12.04 | M5.5V | 0.113 | 2953 | unknown | 3 | Planets c and d are potentially habitable.[16] |
Teegarden's Star | Aries | 02h 53m 00.89s | +16° 52′ 53″ | 15.13 | 12.497 | M7V | 0.097 | 3034 | 8 | 3 | Teegarden's Star b and Teegarden's Star c are likely Earth-mass planets that orbit in the habitable zone.[17] |
Wolf 1061 | Ophiuchus | 16h 30m 18.0584s | −12° 39′ 45.325″ | 10.07 | 14.050 ± 0.002 | M3.5V | 0.294 | 3342 | unknown | 3 | Planet c is potentially habitable.[18][19][20] |
Gliese 876 | Aquarius | 22h 53m 16.73s | −14° 15′ 49.3″ | 10.17 | 15.25 | M4V | 0.334 | 3348 | 4.893 | 4 | Planet b is a gas giant which orbits in the habitable zone.[21] |
82 G. Eridani | Eridanus | 03h 19m 55.65s | −43° 04′ 11.2″ | 4.254 | 19.71 | G8V | 0.7 | 5401 | 5.76 | 3 (3) | This star also has a dust disk[22] with a semi-major axis at approximately 19 AU.[23] |
Gliese 581 | Libra | 15h 19m 26.83s | −07° 43′ 20.2″ | 10.56 | 20.56 | M3V | 0.311 | 3484 | 4.326 | 3 (2) | The unconfirmed planets d and g are potentially habitable.[24] |
Gliese 667 C | Scorpius | 17h 18m 57.16s | −34° 59′ 23.14″ | 10.20 | 21 | M1.5V | 0.31 | 3700 | 2 | 2 (1) | Triple star system - all exoplanets orbit around Star C. Planet c is potentially habitable, and there are more unconfirmed planets.[25][26][27] |
HD 219134 | Cassiopeia | 23h 13m 14.74s | 57° 10′ 03.5″ | 5.57 | 21 | K3Vvar | 0.794 | 4699 | 12.66 | 6 | Closest star to the Sun with exactly six[28] exoplanets, and closest K-type main sequence star to the Sun with a multiplanetary system. One of the oldest stars with a multiplanetary system, although it is still more metal-rich than the Sun. None of the known planets is in the habitable zone.[29] |
61 Virginis | Virgo | 13h 18m 24.31s | −18° 18′ 40.3″ | 4.74 | 28 | G5V | 0.954 | 5531 | 8.96 | 2 (1) | Planet d remains unconfirmed,[30] and a 2021 study found that it was likely a false positive.[31] 61 Virginis also has a debris disk. |
Gliese 433 | Hydra | 11h 35m 26.9485s | −25° 10′ 08.9″ | 9.79 | 29.8±0.1 | M1.5V | 0.48 | 3550±100 | unknown | 3 | An infrared excess around this star suggests a circumstellar disk.[32] |
Gliese 357 | Hydra | 09h 36m 01.6373s | −21° 39′ 38.878″ | 10.906 | 30.776 | M2.5V | 0.362 | 3488 | unknown | 3 | Planet d is a potentially habitable Super-Earth.[33][34][35][36] |
L 98-59 | Volans | 08h 18m 07.62s | −68° 18′ 46.8″ | 11.69 | 34.6 | M3V | 0.312 | 3412 | unknown | 4 (1) | The unconfirmed planet f orbits in the habitable zone.[37] |
Gliese 414 A | Ursa Major | 11h 11m 05.88s | 30° 26′ 42.61″ | 8.31 | 38.76 | K7V | 0.65 | 4120 | 12.4 | 2 (0) | [38][39] |
Gliese 806 | Cygnus | 20h 45m 04.099s | +44° 29′ 56.6″ | 10.79 | 39.3 | M1.5V | 0.423 | 3586 | 3 | 2 (1) | - |
TRAPPIST-1 | Aquarius | 23h 06m 29.283s | −05° 02′ 28.59″ | 18.80 | 39.5 | M8V | 0.089 | 2550 | 7.6 | 7 | Planets d, e, f and g are potentially habitable. Only star known with exactly seven confirmed planets. All seven terrestrial planets lie within only 0.07 AU of the star. |
55 Cancri | Cancer | 08h 52m 35.81s | +28° 19′ 50.9″ | 5.95 | 40 | K0IV-V | 1.026 | 5217 | 7.4 | 5 | All five known planets orbit around star A (none are circumbinary or orbit around star B). Closest system with exactly five confirmed planets. |
Gliese 180 | Eridanus | 04h 53m 49.9798s | −17° 46′ 24.294″ | 10.894 | 40.3 | M2V[40] or M3V[41] | 0.39 | 3562 | unknown | 3 | The habitability of planets b and c is disputed.[42][43] |
HD 69830 | Puppis | 08h 18m 23.95s | −12° 37′ 55.8″ | 5.95 | 41 | K0V | 0.856 | 5385 | 7.446 | 3 | A debris disk exterior to the three exoplanets was detected by the Spitzer Space Telescope in 2005.[44] |
HD 40307 | Pictor | 05h 54m 04.24s | −60° 01′ 24.5″ | 7.17 | 42 | K2.5V | 0.752 | 4977 | 1.198 | 4 (2) | The existence of planets e and g are disputed.[45] If confirmed, planet g is potentially habitable.[46] |
Upsilon Andromedae | Andromeda | 01h 36m 47.84s | +41° 24′ 19.7″ | 4.09 | 44 | F8V | 1.27 | 6107 | 3.781 | 3 (1) | Nearest F-type main sequence star with a multiplanetary system. Second-brightest star in the night sky with a multiplanetary system after 7 Canis Majoris. All exoplanets orbit around star A in the binary system. |
47 Ursae Majoris | Ursa Major | 10h 59m 27.97s | +40° 25′ 48.9″ | 5.10 | 46 | G0V | 1.029 | 5892 | 7.434 | 3 | Planet Taphao Thong was discovered in 1996 and was one of the first exoplanets to be discovered.[47] The planet was the first long-period extrasolar planet discovered. The other planets were discovered later.[48] |
Nu2 Lupi | Lupus | 15h 21m 49.57s | −48° 19′ 01.1″ | 5.65 | 47 | G2V | 0.906 | 5664 | 10.36 | 3 | One of the oldest stars in the solar neighbourhood.[49][50][51] |
LHS 1140 | Cetus | 00h 44m 59.31s | −15° 16′ 16.7″ | 14.18 | 48.9 | M4.5V[52] | 0.179 | 3216±39 | 5 | 2 (1) | Planet b is a potentially habitable Super-Earth.[53] |
Gliese 163 | Dorado | 04h 09m 16s | −53° 22′ 25″ | 11.8 | 49 | M3.5V | 0.4 | unknown | 3 | 5 | Planet c is possibly a potentially habitable Super-Earth but is probably too hot or massive.[54][55] |
Mu Arae | Ara | 17h 44m 08.70s | −51° 50′ 02.6″ | 5.15 | 51 | G3IV-V | 1.077 | 5704 | 6.413 | 4 | Planet Quijote orbits in the circumstellar habitable zone. However, it is a gas giant, so it itself is uninhabitable although a large moon orbiting around it may be habitable. |
GJ 3929 | Corona Borealis | 15h 58m 18.8s | 35° 24′ 24.3″ | 12.67 | 51.58 | M3.5V | 0.313 | 3384 | unknown | 2 (0) | [56][57] |
Gliese 676 A | Ara | 17h 30m 11.2042s | −51° 38′ 13.116″ | 9.59 | 53 | M0V | 0.71 | unknown | unknown | 4 | Held the record for widest range of masses in a planetary system in 2012.[58] |
HD 7924 | Cassiopeia | 01h 21m 59.12s | +76° 42′ 37.0″ | 7.19 | 55 | K0V | 0.832 | 5177 | unknown | 3 | These planets may be potentially habitable Super-Earths.[59] |
Pi Mensae | Mensa | 05h 37m 09.8851s | −80° 28′ 08.8313″ | 5.65 | 59.62±0.07 | G0V | 1.11 | 6013 | 3.4 | 3 | Outer planet is likely a brown dwarf.[60] |
Gliese 3293 | Eridanus | 04h 28m 35.72s | −25° 10′ 08.9″ | 11.96 | 59 | M2.5V | 0.42 | 3466±49 | unknown | 4 | Planets b and d orbit in the habitable zone.[61] |
LHS 1678 | Caelum | 04h 32m 43s | −39° 47′ 21″ | 12 | 64.8 | M2V | 0.345 | 3490 | unknown | 3 (0) | [62] |
HD 142 | Phoenix | 00h 06m 19.0s | −49° 04′ 30″ | 5.70 | 67 | G1 IV | 1.1 | 6180 | 5.93 | 3 | - |
HD 215152 | Aquarius | 22h 43m 21s | −06° 24′ 03″ | 8.13 | 70 | G8IV | 1.019 | 5646 | 7.32 | 4 | A debris disk candidate as it has an infrared excess.[63] |
HD 164922 | Hercules | 18h 02m 30.86s | +26° 18′ 46.8″ | 7.01 | 72 | G9V[64] | 0.874 | 5293 | 13.4 | 4 | Oldest star with a multiplanetary system. Despite its age, it is more metal-rich than the Sun.[64] |
HD 63433 | Gemini | 07h 49m 55.0s | +27° 21′ 47.4″ | 6.92 | 73 | G5V | 0.99 | 5640 | 0.4 | 3 | |
HIP 57274 | Ursa Major | 11h 44m 41s | +30° 57′ 33″ | 8.96 | 85 | K5V | 0.73 | 4640 | 7.87 | 3 | - |
HD 39194 | Mensa | 05h 44m 32s | −70° 08′ 37″ | 8.08 | 86.2 | K0V | unknown | 5205 | unknown | 3 | The planets have eccentric orbits.[65] |
LP 791-18 | Crater | 11h 02m 45.95s | −16° 24′ 22.3″ | 16.9 | 86.9 | M6V/M7V | 0.139 | 2960 | 0.5 | 3 | |
HD 181433 | Pavo | 19h 25m 09.57s | −66° 28′ 07.7″ | 8.38 | 87 | K5V | 0.777 | 4962 | 8.974 | 3 | - |
HD 134606 | Apus | 15h 15m 15s | −70° 31′ 11″ | 6.85 | 87 | G6IV | unknown | unknown | unknown | 5 | The planets have moderately eccentric orbits.[66] |
HD 158259 | Draco | 17h 25m 24.0s | +52° 47′ 26″ | 6.46 | 89 | G0 | 1.08 | unknown | unknown | 5 (1) | A G-type star slightly more massive than the Sun.[67] Planet g remains unconfirmed.[67] |
HD 82943 | Hydra | 09h 34m 50.74s | −12° 07′ 46.4″ | 6.54 | 90 | F9V Fe+0.5[68] | 1.175 | 5874 | 3.08 | 3 | Planets b and c are in a 2:1 orbital resonance.[69] Planet b orbits in the habitable zone, but it and planet c are massive enough to be brown dwarfs. HD 82943 has an unusual lithium-6 abundance.[70] |
Gliese 3138 | Cetus | 02h 09m 10.90s | −16° 20′ 22.53″ | 10.877 | 92.9 | 0.681 | 3717±49 | unknown | 3 | ||
GJ 9827 | Pisces | 23h 27m 04.84s | −01° 17′ 10.59″ | 10.10 | 96.8±0.2 | K6V | 0.593 | 4294±52 | unknown | 3 | Also known as K2-135. Planet b is extremely dense, with at least half of its mass being iron.[71] |
K2-239 | Sextans | 10h 42m 22.63s | +04° 26′ 28.86″ | 14.5 | 101.5 | M3V | 0.4 | 3420 | unknown | 3 | |