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In mathematics, the Kronecker delta (named after Leopold Kronecker) is a function of two variables, usually just non-negative integers. The function is 1 if the variables are equal, and 0 otherwise:
The Kronecker delta appears naturally in many areas of mathematics, physics, engineering and computer science, as a means of compactly expressing its definition above.
In linear algebra, the identity matrix has entries equal to the Kronecker delta:
It is common for i and j to be restricted to a set of the form {1, 2, ..., n} or {0, 1, ..., n − 1}, but the Kronecker delta can be defined on an arbitrary set.
Properties
The following equations are satisfied:
Another useful representation is the following form:
Alternative notation
Using the Iverson bracket:
Often, a single-argument notation is used, which is equivalent to setting :
In linear algebra, it can be thought of as a tensor, and is written . Sometimes the Kronecker delta is called the substitution tensor.[1]
Digital signal processing
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Unit_impulse.gif/220px-Unit_impulse.gif)
In the study of digital signal processing (DSP), the unit sample function
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