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The people on this list are or were survivors of Nazi Germany's attempt to exterminate the Jewish people in Europe before and during World War II. A state-enforced persecution of Jewish people in Nazi-controlled Europe lasted from the introduction of the Nuremberg Laws in 1935 to Hitler's defeat in 1945. Although there were many victims of the Holocaust, the International Commission on Holocaust Era Insurance Claims (ICHEIC) defines a Holocaust survivor as, "Any Jew who lived for any period of time in a country that was ruled by the Nazis or their allies."[1] The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) gives a broader definition: "The Museum honors as a survivor any person who was displaced, persecuted, and/or discriminated against by the racial, religious, ethnic, social, and/or political policies of the Nazis and their allies between 1933 and 1945. In addition to former inmates of concentration camps and ghettos, this includes refugees and people in hiding."[2] Most notably, as well as Jewish people, this includes Poles, Romani people, Jehovah's Witnesses and those who were persecuted for political reasons such as Communists, those who were persecuted for religious reasons (such as Pastor Niemoller), and homosexuals and those of other sexual orientations. It includes those who were actually in hiding in Nazi-occupied countries. The latter includes Hidden Children, who were hidden to escape the Nazis.
Most especially, in contrast to the ICHEIC definition, it includes refugees, who fled from their homeland to escape the Nazis, and never lived in a Nazi-controlled country.
The ICHEIC definition was created for the purpose of resolving some insurance claims. Over time, the classes of insurance claims have greatly expanded.
This list does not include refugees, since it is created on the basis of the restricted ICHEIC definition. Refugees include the unaccompanied children of the Kindertransport and the unaccompanied One Thousand Children.
Actors, actresses and directors
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Living
| Name | Sex | Birth | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| Polanski, Roman | M | August 18, 1933 | Poland |
| Posner, Ruth | F | April 20, 1933 | Poland |
Deceased
| Name | Sex | Birth | Death (age) | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clary, Robert | M | March 1, 1926 | November 16, 2022 (aged 96) | France |
| Huber, Lotti | F | October 16, 1912 | May 31, 1998 (aged 85) | Germany |
| Langhoff, Wolfgang | M | October 6, 1901 | August 26, 1966 (aged 64) | Germany |
| Le Beau, Bettina | F | October 16, 1912 | May 21, 1998 (aged 85) | Belgium |
| Lowens, Curt | M | November 17, 1925 | May 8, 2017 (aged 91) | Poland |
| Lustig, Branko | M | June 10, 1932 | November 14, 2019 (aged 87) | Croatia |
| Pitt, Ingrid | F | November 21, 1937 | November 23, 2010 (aged 73) | Poland |
| Pravda, Hana Maria | F | January 29, 1916 | May 22, 2008 (aged 92) | Czechoslovakia |
| Charles Regnier | M | July 22, 1914 | September 13, 2001 (aged 87) | Germany |
| Von Ruffin, Kurt | M | 1901 | November 17, 1996 (aged 94–95) | Germany |
Artists, painters, and photographers
Living
| Name | Sex | Birth | Country of Origin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bacon, Yehuda | M | July 28, 1929 | Czech Republic |
| Bak, Samuel | M | August 12, 1933 | Poland |
| Berman, Helen | F | April 6, 1936 | Netherlands |
| Selinger, Shelomo | M | May 31, 1928 | Poland/France |
Deceased
| Name | Sex | Birth | Death (age) | Country of Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aron, Kalman | M | September 14, 1924 | February 24, 2018 (aged 93) | Latvia |
| Babbitt, Dina | F | January 21, 1923 | July 29, 2009 (aged 86) | Czechoslovakia |
| Bullaty, Sonja | F | October 17, 1923 | October 5, 2000 (aged 76) | Czechoslovakia |
| Galton, Herta | F | November 12, 1914 | March 24, 2010 (aged 95) | Austria |
| Koczy, Rosemarie | F | March 5, 1939 | December 12, 2007 (aged 68) | Poland |
| Lieblich, Irene | F | April 20, 1923 | December 28, 2008 (aged 85) | Poland |
| Lok Cahana, Alice | F | February 7, 1929 | November 28, 2017 (aged 88) | Hungary |
| Mušič, Zoran | M | February 12, 1909 | May 25, 2005 (aged 96) | Slovenia/Yugoslavia |
| Nassy, Josef | M | January 19, 1904 | 1976 (aged 71–72) | Belgium/Netherlands/Suriname |
| Olère, David | M | January 19, 1902 | August 21, 1985 (aged 83) | Poland |
| Szapocznikow, Alina | F | May 16, 1926 | March 2, 1973 (aged 46) | Poland |
| Tarkay, Itzchak | M | 1935 | June 3, 2012 (aged 76–77) | Serbia/Yugoslavia |
| Terna, Fred | M | 1923 | December 8, 2022 (aged 99) | Czechoslovakia |
| Tibor, Alfred | M | February 10, 1920 | March 18, 2017 (aged 97) | Hungary |
Humanities
Living
| Name | Sex | Birth(age) | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hershaft, Alex | M | July 1, 1934 | Poland |