List of Mars landers

The following table is a list of successful and unsuccessful Mars landers. As of 2022, 21 lander missions and 8 sub-landers (Rovers and Penetrators) attempted to land on Mars. Of 21 landers, the Curiosity rover, Perseverance rover, and Tianwen-1 are currently in operation on Mars.

Mars landers

List of Mars landers
S.No	Landers	Launch date	Landing date	Mass (kg)^[1]	Landing site	Region	Status	Country	MOLA	Entry velocity	References
1.	Mars 2MV-3 No.1	04 Nov 1962	25 Nov 1962	890	-	-	Failure	Soviet Union	-	-	^[2]
2.	Mars 2	19 May 1971	27 Nov 1971	1210	45°S 47°E^♦	-	Failure	Soviet Union	-	-	^[3]^[4]
3.	Mars 3	28 May 1971	02 Dec 1971	1210	45°S 202°E^♦	Sirenum Terra	Partial success	Soviet Union	-	5.7 km/sec	^[5]^[4]
4.	Mars 6	05 Aug 1973	12 Mar 1974	635	23.90°S 19.4°W	Margaritifer Terra	Failure	Soviet Union	-	-	^[6]^[4]
5.	Mars 7	09 Aug 1973	-	635	-	-	Failure	Soviet Union	-	-	^[7]^[4]
6.	Viking 1	20 Aug 1975	20 Jul 1976	572	22.27°N 47.95°W	Chryse Planitia	Success	USA	-3.5	4.61 km/sec	^[8]
7.	Viking 2	09 Sep 1975	03 Sep 1976	572	47.64°N 225.71°W	Utopia Planitia	Success	USA	-3.5	4.61 km/sec	^[9]
8.	Phobos 1^§	07 Jul 1988	-	2600^†	-	-	Failure	Soviet Union	-	-	^[10]
9.	Phobos 2^§	12 Jul 1987	-	2600^†	-	-	Failure	Soviet Union	-	-	^[10]
10.	Mars 96	16 Nov 1996	-	3159	-	-	Failure	Russia	-	-	^[11]
11.	Mars Pathfinder	04 Dec 1996	04 Jul 1997	361	19°7′48″ N 33°18′12″W	Ares Vallis	Success	USA	-2.5	7.26 km/sec	^[12]^[13]
12.	Mars Polar Lander	03 Jan 1999	03 Dec 1999	583	76°S 195°W	Ultimi Scopuli	Failure	USA	-3.0	6.91 km/sec	^[14]^[15]
13.	Beagle 2	02 Jun 2003	25 Dec 2003	33.2	11.5265°N 90.4295°E	Isidis Planitia	Failure	United Kingdom	-	5.63 km/sec	^[16]^[17]
14.	Spirit rover	10 Jun 2003	4 Jan 2004	174	14.5684°S 175.4726°E	Gusev Crater	Success	USA	-1.9	5.4 km/sec	^[18]^[19]^[20]
15.	Opportunity rover	07 Jul 2003	25 Jan 2004	174	1.9462°S 354.4743°E	Meridiani Planum	Success	USA	-1.4	5.5 km/sec	^[18]^[21]^[20]
16.	Phoenix lander	04 Aug 2007	25 May 2008	350	68.22°N 125.7°W	Vastitas Borealis	Success	USA	-3.5	5.59 km/sec	^[12]
17.	Curiosity rover	26 Nov 2011	6 Aug 2012	899	4.5895°S 137.4417°E	Gale Crater	Operational	USA	2.0	5.6 km/sec	^[22]^[23]^[20]
18.	Schiaparelli EDM	14 Mar 2016	19 Oct 2016	577	2.052°S 6.208°W	Meridiani Planum	Failure	ESA/ Russia	1.45	5.83 km/sec	^[24]
19.	InSight Mars Lander	5 May 2018	26 Nov 2018	727	4.5°N 135.9°E	Elysium Planitia	Success	USA	-2.5	6.3 km/sec	^[25]
20.	Perseverance rover	30 Jul 2020	18 Feb 2021	1,025	18.4447°N 77.4508°E	Jezero crater	Operational	USA	-	-	^[26]
21.	Tianwen-1	23 July 2020	14 May 2021	240	25.1°N, 109.7°E	Utopia Planitia	Success	China	-	4.8 km/sec	^[27]

^§ - Spacecraft intended for Martian moons (Phobos and Deimos), ^†Entry Mass, ^♦ Estimated, MOLA - Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter

List of sub-landers onboard Mars landers
S.No	Sub-Landers	Type	Lander Slot	Launch Date	Mass (kg)	Status	References
1.	PrOP-M	Rover	Mars 2	19 May 1971	4.5	Failure	^[3]^[4]
2.	PrOP-M	Rover	Mars 3	28 May 1971	4.5	Not deployed	^[4]^[5]
3.	Mars 96	Penetrator	Mars 96	16 Nov 1996	88	Failure	^[11]
4.	Deep Space 2	Penetrator	Mars Polar Lander	03 Jan 1999	2.4	Failure	^[14]^[15]
5.	Sojourner	Rover	Mars Pathfinder	04 Dec 1996	11.5	Success	^[12]^[13]
6.	Mars helicopter Ingenuity	UAV Helicopter	Mars 2020 Perseverance rover	30 Jul 2021	1.8	Success
7.	Zhurong	Rover	Tianwen-1	23 Jul 2021	240	Success
8.	Tianwen-1 Remote camera	Camera	Zhurong rover	1 June 2021	<1	Success

Future proposed Mars lander missions

List of future proposed Mars lander missions
Lander	Proposed Launch	Country	Agency	Type	Sub-Lander	References
Mars MetNet Precursor	?	Finland	FMI	Impact Lander	-	^[28]
Mars MetNet	?	Finland	FMI	Multi-lander	-	^[29]
Mars Lander	2045	South Korea	KARI	Lander	-	^[30]
Icebreaker	2026	US	NASA	Lander	-	^[31]
Martian Moons Exploration	2026	Japan	JAXA	Lander	Sample Return	^[32]
Phootprint	2024	Europe	ESA	Lander	Ascent Stage	^[33]
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