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 Venezuela portal |
Under the Venezuelan Constitution, the president of Venezuela is the head of state and head of government of Venezuela. As chief of the executive branch and face of the government as a whole, the presidency is the highest political office in the country by influence and recognition. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela. The president is directly elected through a popular vote to a six-year term. Since the 2009 constitutional referendum, any person can be elected to the office an indefinite number of times. Upon the death, resignation, or removal from office of an incumbent president, the vice president assumes the office. The president must be at least 30 years of age, and has to be a "natural born" citizen of Venezuela, and cannot possess any other citizenship.
This list includes only those persons who were sworn into office as president following the establishment of the independent State of Venezuela, which took place on January 13, 1830. There have been 46 people sworn into office, and 64 presidencies, as several politicians (most prominently between 1830 and 1953) have held the office more than once. José Antonio Páez, the first president, was inaugurated in 1830. Antonio Guzmán Blanco served during the most terms, with three. Juan Vicente Gómez has served during the longest (although interrupted by interim presidencies), with over 27 years. Rómulo Betancourt served from 1959 until 1964.[1] Hugo Chávez served the longest uninterrupted period in office with 11 consecutive years, from his restoration to power in April 2002 until his death in March 2013.
The current presidency has been disputed between Juan Guaidó and Nicolás Maduro since January 10, 2019, in the ongoing Venezuelan presidential crisis. Maduro was elected to his first term in 2013 but received backlash from opposing Venezuelans and some members of the international community especially the United States. Maduro was accused of authoritarian rule and fraud in the elections that were held on May 20, 2018. Guaidó, the president of the National Assembly of Venezuela, took the oath of office as interim president on 23 January 2019, citing Article 233 of the Constitution of Venezuela to "cease the usurpation, hold a transitional government, and call for new elections". The office remained disputed until December 2022 when opposition parties voted to dissolve the Guaidó government effective as of 5 January 2023.[2]
History
The presidential designation encompasses only those persons who were sworn into office as President of Venezuela following Venezuela's declaration of independence from Spanish colonial rule, which took effect on July 5, 1811. The first president, taking office on July 5, 1811, was actually the president of a triumvirate of the first established Republic of Venezuela that rotated the presidency weekly. The person serving as president during the week of July 5 was one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence: Cristóbal Mendoza. Mendoza shared the triumvirate with Juan Escalona and Baltasar Padrón. A second triumvirate followed on April 3, 1812, whose members were Francisco Espejo, Fernando Rodríguez del Toro and Francisco Javier Ustariz.[3][4]
Owing to the profound confusion of the Venezuelan War of Independence and the period of Gran Colombia over what is now Venezuela, this page has gaps between 1813 and 1819. For this period in time, historians refer to the Republic of Venezuela as the Second Republic of Venezuela (1813–1814) and the Third Republic of Venezuela (1817–1819) as Simon Bolivar twice reestablished the republic. The Congress of Angostura appointed Simón Bolívar "Supreme Commander of the Republic of Venezuela" (Jefe Supremo de la República de Venezuela) from 1819 until 1830.
In 1830, José Antonio Páez declared Venezuela independent from Gran Colombia and became president, taking office on January 13, 1830. Although he was not the first president of Venezuela (having in mind Cristóbal Mendoza in 1811), he was the first head of state of independent Venezuela, after the dissolution of Gran Colombia.
Affiliation keys
| Abbreviation | Party name (English) | Party name (Spanish) | Years | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PC | Conservative Party | Partido Conservador | 1830-1851, 1890-1892 | |
| PL | Liberal Party | Gran Partido Liberal de Venezuela | 1851-1858, 1859-1861, 1868-1869, 1870-1887, 1888-1890, 1892, 1898-1899 | |
| Military | National Armed Forces of the Republic of Venezuela | Fuerza Armada Nacional de la República de Venezuela | 1858-1859, 1861-1868, 1869-1870, 1892-1898, 1899-1913, 1922-1929, 1931-1935, 1948-1950, 1952-1958 | |
| — | Independent politician | Político independiente | 1859, 1868, 1887-1888, 1913-1922, 1929-1931, 1935-1941, 1950-1952, 1958-1959 | |
| PDV | Venezuelan Democratic Party | Partido Democrático Venezolano | 1941–1945 | |
| AD | Democratic Action | Acción Democrática | 1945-1948, 1959-1969, 1974-1979, 1984-1994 | |
| COPEI | COPEI | Comité de Organización Política Electoral Independiente | 1969-1974, 1979-1984 | |
| National Convergence | National Convergence | Convergencia Nacional | 1994-1999 | |
| MVR-PSUV | Fifth Republic Movement–United Socialist Party | Movimiento Quinta República-Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela | 1999-present | |
Presidents of Venezuela since independence (1830–present)
The list below includes interim "caretaker" as well as regular serving presidents, and democratically installed presidents as well as those installed by other means (e.g.; Marcos Pérez Jiménez).[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
State of Venezuela (1830–1864)
.svg){kind=small} President of the State of Venezuela .svg){kind=small}
| |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative Party (7)
Liberal Party (3) Independent (1) Military government (3) | |||||||
| No. [note 1] |
Portrait | President (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Political party |
| 1 | 
|
José Antonio Páez (1790–1873) |
1831 | 13 January 1830 | 20 January 1835 | 5 years, 7 days | Conservative Party |
| 2 | 
|
Andrés Narvarte (1781–1853) |
— | 20 January 1835 | 9 February 1835 | 20 days | Conservative Party |
| 3 | 
|
José María Vargas (1786–1854) |
1835 | 9 February 1835 | 9 July 1835 | 150 days | Conservative Party |
| 4 | 
|
José María Carreño (1792–1849) |
— | 27 July 1835 | 20 August 1835 | 24 days | Conservative Party |
| (3) |
|
José María Vargas (1786–1854) |
— | 20 August 1835 | 24 April 1836 | 248 days | Conservative Party |
| (2) |
|
Andrés Narvarte (1781–1853) |
— | 24 April 1836 | 20 January 1837 | 271 days | Conservative Party |
| (4) |
|
José María Carreño (1792–1849) |
— | 27 January 1837 | 11 March 1837 | 43 days | Conservative Party |
| 5 | 
|
Carlos Soublette (1789–1870) |
— | 11 March 1837 | 1 February 1839 | 1 year, 327 days | Conservative Party |
| (1) | 
|
José Antonio Páez (1790–1873) |
1839 | 1 February 1839 | 28 January 1843 | 3 years, 361 days | Conservative Party |
| (5) |
|
Carlos Soublette (1789–1870) |
1843 | 28 January 1843 | 20 January 1847 | 3 years, 357 days | Conservative Party |
| 6 | 
|
José Tadeo Monagas (1784–1868) |
1847 | 20 January 1847 | 5 February 1851 | 4 years, 16 days | Conservative Party |
| 7 | 
|
José Gregorio Monagas (1795–1858) |
1851 | 5 February 1851 | 20 January 1855 | 3 years, 349 days | Liberal Party |
| (6) |
|
José Tadeo Monagas (1784–1868) |
1855 | 20 January 1855 | 15 March 1858 | 3 years, 54 days | Liberal Party |
| 8 | 
|
Pedro Gual (1783–1862) |
— | 15 March 1858 | 18 March 1858 | 2 days | Liberal Party |
| 9 | 
|
Julián Castro (1810–1875) |
— | 18 March 1858 | 2 August 1859 | 1 year, 137 days | Military |
| (8) |
|
Pedro Gual (1783–1862) |
— | 2 August 1859 | 29 September 1859 | 58 days | Independent |
| 10 | 
|
Manuel Felipe de Tovar (1803–1866) |
1860 | 29 September 1859 | 20 May 1861 | 1 year, 233 days | Liberal Party |
| (8) |
|
Pedro Gual (1783–1862) |
— | 20 May 1861 | 29 August 1861 | 101 days | Liberal Party |
| (1) | .jpg)
|
José Antonio Páez (1790–1873) |
— | 29 August 1861 | 15 June 1863 | 1 year, 290 days | Military |
| 11 | 
|
Juan Crisóstomo Falcón (1820–1870) |
1864 | 15 June 1863 | 25 April 1868 | 4 years, 315 days | Military |
United States of Venezuela (1864–1953)
.svg){kind=small} President of the United States of Venezuela .svg){kind=small}
| |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Action (3) Conservative Party (1)
Liberal Party (8) Independent (6) Military government (6) | |||||||
| No. [note 1] |
Portrait | President (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Political party |
| (11) | 
|
Juan Crisóstomo Falcón (1820–1870) |
— | 15 June 1863 | 25 April 1868 | 4 years, 315 days | Military |
| 12 | 
|
Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual (1832–1868) |
— | 25 April 1868 | 28 June 1868 | 64 days | Independent |
| 13 | 
|
Guillermo Tell Villegas (1823–1907) |
— | 28 June 1868 | 20 February 1869 | 237 days | Liberal Party |
| 14 | 
|
José Ruperto Monagas (1831–1880) |
— | 20 February 1869 | 16 April 1870 | 1 year, 55 days | Military |
| (13) |
|
Guillermo Tell Villegas (1823–1907) |
— | 16 April 1870 | 27 April 1870 | 11 days | Liberal Party |
| 15 | 
|
Antonio Guzmán (1829–1899) |
1873 | 27 April 1870 | 27 February 1877 | 6 years, 306 days | Liberal Party |
| 16 | 
|
Francisco Linares (1825–1878) |
1877 | 27 February 1877 | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_Presidents_of_Venezuela|||