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This article is missing information about World Heritage Sites inscribed in 2021.(March 2022) |
This is a list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in South America.
Legend
- Site; as per officially inscribed name[1]
- Location; at city, regional, or provincial level and geocoordinates
- Criteria; as defined by the World Heritage Committee[2]
- Area; in hectares and acres. If available, the size of the buffer zone has been noted as well. A value of zero implies that no data has been published by UNESCO
- Year; during which the site was inscribed to the World Heritage List
- Description; brief information about the site, including reasons for qualifying as an endangered site, if applicable
World Heritage Sites
Site | Image | Location | Criteria | Area ha (acre) |
Year | Description | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atlantic Forest South-East Reserves | Paraná, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states,![]() 24°10′S 48°0′W / 24.167°S 48.000°W |
Natural: (vii), (ix), (x) |
468,193 (1,156,930); buffer zone 1,223,557 (3,023,480) | 1999 | The site comprises some of the last remaining Atlantic Forests and shows a very high diversity with many rare and endemic species. As such it is of high interest both for scientists and for conservation. | [3] | |
Brasília | ![]() |
Federal District,![]() 15°47′S 47°54′W / 15.783°S 47.900°W |
Cultural: (i), (iv) |
— | 1987 | Planned and developed by Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer in 1956, Brasília was created ex nihilo in order to move the capital from Rio de Janeiro to a more central position. Together with Chandigarh in India it is the only place where Corbusier's design principles of urbanism have been applied on large scale. | [4] |
Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves | ![]() |
Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte,![]() 3°51′29″S 32°25′30″W / 3.85806°S 32.42500°W |
Natural: (vii), (ix), (x) |
42,270 (104,500); buffer zone 140,713 (347,710) | 2001 | As one of the few insular habitats in the South Atlantic, the site is essential as feeding ground and reproduction space for marine organisms including endangered and threatened species, most notably the hawksbill sea turtle. | [5] |
Canaima National Park | ![]() |
Bolívar,![]() 5°20′N 61°30′W / 5.333°N 61.500°W |
Natural: (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) |
3,000,000 (7,400,000) | 1994 | The park is characterized by table-top mountains (tepui) that cover 65% of the area and are of both geological and biological interest, providing habitat to a large number of endemic species. Angel Falls, the world's highest waterfall is included in the property. | [6] |
Central Amazon Conservation Complex | ![]() |
State of Amazonas,![]() 2°20′0″S 62°0′30″W / 2.33333°S 62.00833°W |
Natural: (ix), (x) |
5,323,018 (13,153,460) | 2000 [nb 1] |
As the largest protected area in the Amazon basin, the site is notable for its high biodiversity, range of habitats such as várzea and igapó forests and number of endangered species. It has been recognized by various conservation agencies as a high priority region.[nb 2] | [7] [8] |
Central Suriname Nature Reserve | ![]() |
Sipaliwini District,![]() 4°0′N 56°30′W / 4.000°N 56.500°W |
Natural: (ix), (x) |
1,600,000 (4,000,000) | 2000 | The site comprises a large undisturbed tract of tropical forest with high biodiversity, many endemic and threatened species. Due to topography and the range of soil conditions, it has various ecoregions. | [9] |
Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks | ![]() |
State of Goiás,![]() 14°0′20″S 47°41′5″W / 14.00556°S 47.68472°W |
Central Brazil Plateau, Natural: (ix), (x) |
367,356 (907,760) | 2001 | The two parks are characteristic of the cerrado, one of the world's oldest tropical ecosystems and an important refuge for species in times of climate change. | [10] |
Chan Chan Archaeological Zone† | La Libertad,![]() 8°6′S 79°5′W / 8.100°S 79.083°W |
Cultural: (i), (iii) |
600 (1,500) | 1986 | The city of Chan Chan served as the capital of the Chimú culture. The Chimú kingdom developed along the coast of northern Peru. Chan Chan is divided into nine walled units indicating political and social division. The Chimú were conquered by the Inca in 1470. The site was listed to the List of World Heritage in Danger when it was first inscribed, as the adobe constructions are easily damaged by heavy rain and erosion. | [11] [12] [13] | |
Chavín (Archaeological Site) | Huari Province, Ancash,![]() 9°35′34″S 77°10′42″W / 9.59278°S 77.17833°W |
Cultural: (iii) |
— | 1985 | The Chavín culture developed in the Andean highlands between 1500 and 300 BC, and the site now known as Chavín de Huantar served as the center. The site consists of a complex of terraces and squares cut from rock. It is believed the Chavín were primarily a religious-based society whose influence resulted from their culture, rather than aggressive expansion. | [14] [15] | |
Churches of Chiloé | Chiloé Province, Los Lagos Region,![]() 42°30′0″S 73°46′0″W / 42.50000°S 73.76667°W |
Cultural: (ii), (iii) |
— | 2000 | The churches are the most prominent example of Chilota wooden architecture fusing European and indigenous traditions. They are a result of 17th and 18th century Jesuit missions. | [16] | |
Chiribiquete National Park– “The Maloca of the Jaguar” | ![]() |
Caquetá and Guaviare Departments,![]() 0°31′31″N 72°47′50″W / 0.52528°N 72.79722°W |
Mixed: (iii), (ix), (x) |
2,782,354 (6,875,350); buffer zone 3,989,682.82 (9,858,721.0) | 2018 | Located in the north-west Colombian Amazon, Chiribiquete National Park is the largest protected area in the country. One of the defining features of the park is the presence of tepuis (the Native American word for table-top mountains), sheer-sided sandstone plateaux that dominate the forest. Over 75,000 paintings, spanning more than 20,000 years to the present, are to be seen on the walls of the 60 rock shelters around the bases of the tepuis. Believed to be linked to the worship of the jaguar, a symbol of power and fertility, these paintings depict hunting scenes, battles, dances and ceremonies. The indigenous communities, which are not directly present on the site, consider the region sacred. | [17] |
City of Cuzco | ![]() |
Cuzco,![]() 13°31′20″S 71°59′0″W / 13.52222°S 71.98333°W |
Cultural: (iii), (iv) |
— | 1983 | Cuzco was developed by the Inca king Pachacutec, who ruled the Kingdom of Cuzco as it expanded to become the Inca Empire in the 15th century. It became the most important city of the Inca Empire, divided into distinct areas for religious and administrative use, and surrounded by an organized system of agriculture, artisan, and industrial uses. After the Spanish conquered the empire in the 16th century, they built Baroque churches and buildings over the Inca ruins. | [18] |
City of Potosí† | ![]() |
Potosí Department,![]() 19°35′1″S 65°45′11″W / 19.58361°S 65.75306°W |
Potosí, Cultural: (ii), (iv), (vi) |
130 (320) | 1987 | Following the discovery of the New World's largest silver reserves in the mid-16th century, Potosí was regarded as the world's largest industrial complex of the time. The site contains industrial facilities of the Cerro Rico, colonial public and residential architecture. | [19] |
City of Quito | ![]() |
Quito Canton, Pichincha Province,![]() 0°0′14″N 78°30′0″W / 0.00389°N 78.50000°W |
Quito, Cultural: (ii), (iv) |
320 (790) | 1978 | Built in Spanish colonial style, the former capital of the Royal Audiencia of Quito.The Historic Center of Quito is the most original and best preserved historic center of its kind in Latin America. | [20] |
Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas | ![]() |
Caracas,![]() 10°29′27″N 66°53′26″W / 10.49083°N 66.89056°W |
Municipality of Libertador, Cultural: (i), (iv) |
— | 2000 | Designed by Carlos Raúl Villanueva, the university campus is considered a masterpiece of early 20th century architecture and urban planning. It derives from colonial traditions, providing an airy solution well suited to the tropical climate. | [21] |
Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia | ![]() |
Caldas, Quindío and Risaralda Departments,![]() 5°28′N 75°41′W / 5.467°N 75.683°W |
Cultural: (v), (vi) |
141,120 (348,700); buffer zone 207,000 (510,000) | 2011 | The 100-year-old coffee cultivation is emblematic of Colombian culture and has impacted cultural and social traditions in music, architecture, cuisine, education and others. | [22] |
Coro and its Port† | Falcón,![]() 11°24′N 69°41′W / 11.400°N 69.683°W |
Cultural: (iv), (v) |
107 (260); buffer zone 107 (260) | 1993 | Founded in 1527, Coro was one of the earliest colonial towns in the Americas. Its earthen constructions are the only extant example of fusion of Caribbean with Spanish Mudéjar and Dutch architecture. The site has been listed as endangered since 2005 following damage due to heavy rain and the construction of various structures in the buffer zone. | [23] [24] | |
Cueva de las Manos, Río Pinturas | ![]() |
Santa Cruz Province,![]() 47°9′0″S 70°40′0″W / 47.15000°S 70.66667°W |
Cultural: (iii) |
— | 1999 | Named for the paintings of hands, the cave contains rock art from between 13,000 and 9,500 years ago that bear witness to the earliest human inhabitants in South America. | [25] |
Discovery Coast Atlantic Forest Reserves | ![]() |
Bahia and Espírito Santo states,![]() 16°30′S 39°15′W / 16.500°S 39.250°W |
Atlantic Coast, Natural: (ix), (x) |
111,930 (276,600) | 1999 | The site comprises some of the last remaining Atlantic Forests and shows a very high diversity with many rare and endemic species. As such it is of high interest both for scientists and for conservation. | [26] |
Fray Bentos Cultural-Industrial Landscape | Río Negro Department,![]() 33°07′04″S 58°19′54″W / 33.117778°S 58.331667°W |
Cultural: (ii), (iv) |
274 (680); buffer zone 2,128 (5,260) | 2015 | [27] | ||
Fuerte de Samaipata | ![]() |
Florida Province, Santa Cruz Department,![]() 18°10′S 63°49′W / 18.167°S 63.817°W |
Cultural: (ii), (iii) |
— | 1998 | Samaipata consists of remains of a town, and more prominently a large sculpted rock (14th–16th centuries) thought to have been the ceremonial centre of a pre-Hispanic culture. | [28] |
Galápagos Islands | ![]() |
Galápagos Province, ![]() 0°40′S 90°30′W / 0.667°S 90.500°W |
Natural: (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) |
14,066,514 (34,759,110) | 1978 | This remote archipelago of volcanic islands is famed for the high degree of endemism and is associated with Charles Darwin whose observations here contributed to the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. The site had been listed as endangered for various reasons[nb 3] 2007–2010. | [29] [30] [31] [32] |
Historical Centre of the City of Arequipa | ![]() |
Arequipa,![]() 16°24′0″S 71°32′0″W / 16.40000°S 71.53333°W |
Cultural: (i), (iv) |
167 (410); buffer zone 165 (410) | 2000 | Arequipa is built primarily on top of sillar, a white volcanic rock, the product of nearby El Misti volcano. The architecture of the city is known for its combination of traditional indigenous styles with the new techniques of the European colonial settlers. | [33] |
Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia | ![]() |
Bahia state,![]() 12°58′0″S 38°30′0″W / 12.96667°S 38.50000°W |
Cultural: (iv), (vi) |
— | 1985 | The colonial old town of the first Brazilian capital and town of the first slave market in the New World, has preserved a large number of brightly colored Renaissance houses decorated with stucco work from the 16th to 18th centuries. | [34] |
Historic Centre of Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca | ![]() |
Azuay Province,![]() 2°53′0″S 78°59′0″W / 2.88333°S 78.98333°W |
Cultural: (ii), (iv), (v) |
200 (490) | 1999 | Founded in 1557 on an orthogonal town plan, the townscape of Cuenca is an expression of the fusion of different societies and cultures and a showcase of Renaissance urban design in Latin America. | [35] |
Historic Centre of Lima | ![]() |
Lima Province,![]() 12°3′5″S 77°2′35″W / 12.05139°S 77.04306°W |
Cultural: (iv) |
200 (490) | 1988 [nb 4] |
Lima was founded by Francisco Pizarro in 1535 as La Ciudad de los Reyes (City of the Kings). Until the middle of the 18th century, it was the most important city in Spanish South America. The architecture and decoration combine the style of both the local population and Europe, such as in the Monastery of San Francisco, which was the site's original listing in 1988, before it was extended in 1991. | [36] [37] |
Historic Centre of Santa Cruz de Mompox | ![]() |
Bolívar Department,![]() 9°14′0″N 74°26′0″W / 9.23333°N 74.43333°W |
Cultural: (iv), (v) |
458 (1,130); buffer zone 632 (1,560) | 1995 | Mompox, founded in 1540 on a major river has preserved in its historic centre the colonial past with many buildings still serving their original function. | [38] |
Historic Centre of São Luís | Maranhão state,![]() 2°30′51″S 44°18′9″W / 2.51417°S 44.30250°W |
Cultural: (iii), (iv), (v) |
— | 1997 | São Luís has preserved the complete rectangular town plan and a large number of historical buildings making it a prime example of a Portuguese colonial town. | [39] | |
Historic Centre of the Town of Diamantina | ![]() |
Minas Gerais,![]() 18°40′0″S 43°36′0″W / 18.66667°S 43.60000°W |
Cultural: (ii), (iv) |
29 (72) | 1999 | A well-preserved example of Baroque architecture, this 18th-century colonial town was founded in an inhospitable environment of rocky mountains and became a center of diamond mining in the 18th and 19th centuries. | [40] |
Historic Centre of the Town of Goiás | ![]() |
Goiás,![]() 15°56′0″S 50°8′0″W / 15.93333°S 50.13333°W |
Cultural: (ii), (iv) |
40 (99); buffer zone 44 (110) | 2001 | Founded in 1727 by the bandeirante explorer Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva, Goiás has preserved much of its colonial heritage and is an example of a European settlement in the interior of South America. | [41] |
Historic Centre of the Town of Olinda | ![]() |
Pernambuco,![]() 8°0′48″S 34°50′42″W / 8.01333°S 34.84500°W |
Cultural: (ii), (iv) |
120 (300); buffer zone 920 (2,300) | 1982 | Founded in 1537 the town prospered as a centre of sugar-cane production. Following looting by the Dutch in the 17th century, the historic centre dates largely to the 18th century with a harmonious combination of buildings, gardens, churches, convents and chapels. | [42] |
Historic City of Sucre | ![]() |
Oropeza Province, Chuquisaca Department,![]() 19°2′35″S 65°15′33″W / 19.04306°S 65.25917°W |
Cultural: (iv) |
114 (280) | 1991 | Founded by the Spanish in 1538, Sucre has retained many of its 16th century religious buildings showing the fusion of local and European architectural styles. | [43] |
Historic Inner City of Paramaribo | ![]() |
Paramaribo District,![]() 5°49′34″N 55°9′0″W / 5.82611°N 55.15000°W |
Cultural: (ii), (iv) |
30 (74); buffer zone 60 (150) | 2002 | Founded as a Dutch colonial town in the 17th century, Paramaribo has preserved its unique street plan with buildings showing the gradual influence of Dutch architectural traditions. | [44] |
Historic Quarter of the City of Colonia del Sacramento | ![]() |
Colonia Department,![]() 34°28′4″S 57°51′12″W / 34.46778°S 57.85333°W |
Cultural: (iv) |
16 (40) | 1995 | Founded in 1680 by the Portuguese, the town changed hands between Spanish and Portuguese multiple times during the 17th and 18th centuries and was finally lost to the Spanish. Its well-preserved townscape bears testimony to the fusion of Spanish and Portuguese colonial styles. | [45] |
Historic Quarter of the Seaport City of Valparaíso | ![]() |
Valparaíso Province,![]() 33°2′26″S 71°37′41″W / 33.04056°S 71.62806°W |
Cultural: (iii) |
23 (57); buffer zone 45 (110) | 2003 | In the late 19th century Valparaíso prospered as a stopover point for ships travelling between the Atlantic and Pacific via the Straits of Magellan. Its historic quarter set on steep hillsides has bears testimony to this early phase of globalization. | [46] |
Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu | ![]() |
Cuzco,![]() 13°7′0″S 72°35′0″W / 13.11667°S 72.58333°W |
Mixed: (i) (iii), (vii), (ix) |
32,592 (80,540) | 1983 | At 2,340 metres (7,680 ft) above sea level, the site of Machu Picchu was constructed as an expansive mountain estate around the middle of the 15th century, and abandoned approximately 100 years later. It includes walls, terraces, and buildings constructed from rock. The city was home to about 1,200 people, mostly priests, women, and children. It was left abandoned prior to the Spanish arrival in Cuzco most likely due to smallpox. | [47] [48] |
Historic Town of Ouro Preto | ![]() |
Minas Gerais,![]() 20°23′20″S 43°30′20″W / 20.38889°S 43.50556°W |
Cultural: (i), (iii) |
— | 1980 | The prosperity of the town as the center of the Brazilian gold rush in the 18th century is reflected in a large number of preserved churches, bridges and fountains many of them designed by the Baroque sculptor Aleijadinho. | [49] |
Huascarán National Park | Ancash,![]() 9°20′S 77°24′W / 9.333°S 77.400°W |
Natural: (vii), (viii) |
340,000 (840,000) | 1985 | Huascarán National Park is located in the Cordillera Blanca mountain range of the Andes. It surrounds Huascarán, the tallest peak in Peru. The physical environment includes glaciers, ravines, and lakes, while the park is home to several regional animal species. | [50] | |
Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works | ![]() |
Tarapacá,![]() 20°12′30″S 69°47′40″W / 20.20833°S 69.79444°W |
Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv) |
— | 2005 | Situated in the Atacama Desert, the two saltpeter works are representative of the saltpeter industry that flourished in northern Chile in the 19th and early 20th century and brought together people from different parts of South America and Europe creating a unique culture with its own language and customs. The site was listed as endangered from 2005 to 2019 due to damage, vandalism, looting and the general fragile nature of the structures as a result of a 40 years' lack of maintenance. | [51][52][53] |
Iguaçu National Park | ![]() |
Paraná,![]() 25°41′S 54°26′W / 25.683°S 54.433°W |
Natural: (vii), (x) |
170,086 (420,290) | 1986 | Together with Iguazú National Park on the Argentinian side, the park protects Iguazu Falls, one of the world's largest waterfalls, and is home to many rare and endangered species such as giant anteater or the giant otter. The site had been listed as endangered 1999–2001 due to an illegally opened road through the park, dams on the Iguazu River and helicopter flights. | [54] |
Iguazú National Park | ![]() |
Misiones Province, Mesopotamia![]() 25°31′5″S 54°8′0″W / 25.51806°S 54.13333°W |
Natural: (vii), (x) |
55,000 (140,000) | 1984 | Together with Iguaçu National Park on the Brazilian side, the park protects Iguazu Falls, one of the world's largest waterfalls. Its subtropical rainforest is home to more than 2000 species of vascular plants and large mammals such as tapirs, giant anteaters, howler monkeys, ocelots and jaguars. | [55] |
Ischigualasto / Talampaya Natural Parks | ![]() |
San Juan and La Rioja Province![]() 30°0′S 68°0′W / 30.000°S 68.000°W |
Natural: (viii) |
275,369 (680,450) | 2000 | As the most complete continental fossil site of the Triassic period (245–208 million years ago), the propertie's remains of mammals, dinosaurs and plants reveal the evolution of vertebrates. | [56] |
Jesuit Block and Estancias of Córdoba | ![]() |
Córdoba![]() 31°25′14″S 64°11′28″W / 31.42056°S 64.19111°W |
Cultural: (ii), (iv) |
— | 2000 | Founded in the early 17th century, this Jesuit reduction has preserved the university, church, residences and five farming estates (estancias), illustrating the missionary and economic activities carried out by the Jesuits over a period of 150 years in the New World. | [57] |
Jesuit Missions of La Santísima Trinidad de Paraná and Jesús de Tavarangue | ![]() 27°8′S 55°42′W / 27.133°S 55.700°W |
Cultural: (iv) |
— | 1993 | The ruins of these Jesuit reductions bear testimony to the missionary, social and economical activities of the Jesuits in the Rio de la Plata Basin in the 17th and 18th centuries. | [58] | |
Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos | Santa Cruz Department,![]() 16°0′S 60°30′W / 16.000°S 60.500°W |
Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_South_America